ÇOCUKLARDA VE ERGENLERDE CİNSEL İSTİSMAR

Author :  

Year-Number: 2020-109
Yayımlanma Tarihi: 2020-09-23 14:00:00.0
Language : English
Konu : Psychology
Number of pages: 364-375
Mendeley EndNote Alıntı Yap

Abstract

Dünyanın en büyük sorunlarından biri olan çocuk istismarı üzerine yazılmış olan bu makale de, istismarın sömürücü, yıpratıcı bir eylem olması ve istismarın çocuklar üzerinde ki travmatik yanlarının ele alınmaktadır. Türkiye de önce ki yıllarda yapılan çalışma verilerinin de yer aldığı makale de istismar ve sonrasının ne kadar ciddi bir konu olduğu ve yaşanılan travmaların ilerleyen yıllarda ortaya çıkmasının ne tür sonuçlar doğurduğuna değinilmektedir. Çocuk istismarının önlenmesi adına yapılan çalışmaların ve çocukları bilgilendirme yöntemlerine değinilmiş olup, cinsel istismar sonrası oluşan travma çeşitleri açıklanmıştır. İstismarcılarının ortak profillerinden, pedofilinin DSM 5 tanı kriterleri kitabına uygun bir şekilde aldığı teşhisten, istismarı önlemek adına yapılan çalışmalar hakkında kısaca bahsedilmiştir. İstismara bağlı olarak gelişen Akut TSSB ve kronik TSSB konularında bilgi verilmiştir.

Keywords

Abstract

This article is discussing as a highly noteworthy problem, child abuse, and the destructive act of abuse by studying the traumatic post-effects of it on children. The included data—based on the fulfilled researchers in Turkey in previous years—demonstrates how the abuse is a serious issue to be taken seriously. The study discusses types of experienced trauma and the emergence of that breed in later years. Studies suggest methods to prevent child abuse by informing children. Besides, various types of trauma occurring after sexual abuse are explained explicitly. In this context, the studies from the standard profiles of the exploiters under the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria book of pedophilia, as well as information on acute PTSD and chronic PTSD developing are discussed.

Keywords


  • Amstadter, A. B., & Vernon, L. L. (2008). “Emotional reactions during and after trauma: A comparison of trauma types”. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 16(4), pp. 391-408.

  • Aysev A. & Y. I. Taner (ed.), (2007). “Çocuk ve ergen ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları”. In: Avcı, A. & Tahiroğlu, A.Y. Cinsel İstismar. 1inci Baskı, İstanbul: Golden Print, 2007, pp. 72136.

  • Blanchard, R., Christensen, B. K., Strong, S. M., Cantor, J. M., Kuban, M. E., Klassen, P. et al. (2002). “Retrospective selfreports of childhood accidents causing unconsciousness in phallometrically diagnosed pedophiles”. Arch Sex Behav, 31, pp. 511-526.

  • Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A., Morıtz, G., Liotus, L., Richardson, D., Canobbıo, R., . . . Roth, C. (1995). “Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Peers of Adolescent Suicide Victims: Predisposing Factors and Phenomenology”. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34(2), pp. 209-215. doi:10.1097/00004583-19950200000016.

  • Burton, D., Foy, D., Bwanausı, C., et al. (1994). “The relationship between traumatic exposure, family disfunction, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in male juvenile offenders”. J Trauma Stress, 7, pp. 83-93.

  • Chapman, D. P., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Edwards, V. J. ve Anda, R. F. (2004). “Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood”. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, pp. 217-225.

  • Cohen, L. J., Gans, S. W., McGeoch, P. G., Poznansky, O., Itskovich, Y., Murphy, S., Klein, E., Cullen, K., Galynker, I.I. (2002). “Impulsive personality traits in male pedophiles versus healthy controls: Is pedophilia an impulsive-aggressive disorder?”, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43(2), pp.127–134.

  • Dokgöz, H., & Kar, H. (2017, January 01). Çocukta Cinsel İstismar. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/tr-cocukta-cinsel-istismar-81428.html

  • Donnelly, C. L., March, J. S., Amaya-Jackson, L. (2006). “Post-traumatic stres disorder”. In: Essentials of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, M. Dulcan & J.Wiener (ed.), American Psychiatric Association, Washington D.C., pp. 479-504.

  • DSM-III. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Library of Congress Catalogue, Number 79-055868 Copyright © The American Psychiatric Association.

  • Ellenberger, H. (1970). The Discovery of the Unconscious, BasicBooks, New York, pp. 130-

  • Erdoğan, A. (2010). “Pedofili: Klinik Özellikleri, Nedenleri ve Tedavisi”, Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2(2). pp. 134-145.

  • Finkelhor, D., ve Brown, A. (1985). “The Traumatic Impact of Child Sexual Abuse: A Conceptualization”, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55, pp. 530-541.

  • Geldard, K., ve Geldard, D. (2013). “Çocuk Psikoterapisi: Giriş Niteliğinde Uygulamalı Bir Rehber”. In: G. Erden, Ç. Kudiaki & İ. Dikmeer (ed.), (2008). Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.

  • Gillis, H. M. (1993). “İndividual and small-group psychoterapy for children involved in trauma and disaster”. Children and Disasters içinde. C. F. Saylor (ed.). NewYork, plenum, pp.165

  • Green, B., Lindy, J. & Grace, M. (1985). “Posttrumatic Stress Disorder: Toward DSM-IV”, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173, pp. 406-11.

  • Harris, D. A. (2012). “Age and type of onset of offending: Results from a sample of male sexual offenders referred for civil commitment”. International Journal of Offender Theraphy and Comparative Criminology, 57(10), pp.1226-1247.

  • Herman J. L., Perry J. C. & Van der Kolk, Β. A. (1989). “Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder”. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, pp. 490-495.

  • Hildyard, K. L. & Wolfe, D. A. (2002). “Child neglect: Developmental issues and outcomes”. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26, pp. 679 -695.

  • J. M. Wiener (ed.). Textbook of child adolescent psychiatry. In: Yates, A. (1997). Sexual abuse of children. 2nd Edition, Washington: American Psychiatric Press, pp. 699-709.

  • Jones, E., Wessely, S. (2005). Shell shock to PTSD, military psychiatry from 1900 to the Gulf war. Hove: Psychology Press.

  • Köroğlu, E. (2014). Dsm-5 tanı ölçütleri başvuru el kitabı. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği Yayıncılık.

  • Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., ve Zwi, A. Β. (2002). “The world report on violence and health”. Geneva, World Health Organization, pp. 57-81.

  • Lisak, D. (1994). “The psychological impact of sexual abuse: Content analysis of interviews with male survivors”. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7(4), pp. 525-548.

  • McPhail, I. V., Hermann, C.A., Nunes, K.L. (2013). “Emotional congruence with children and sexual offending against children: A meta-analytic review”. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(4), pp. 737-749.

  • Mullen, P. E., Martin, J. L., Anderson, J. C., Romans, S. E. ve Herbison, G. P. (1996). “The long-term impact of thephysical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children: A community study”. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(1), pp. 7-21.

  • Niveau, G. (2010). “Cyber-pedocriminality: Charecteristics of a sample of internet child pornography offenders”. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(8), pp. 570-575.

  • Nurcombe, B. (2000). “Child sexual abuse I: psychopathology”. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 34(1), pp. 85-91.

  • Polat, O. (2001). Çocuk ve Şiddet, İstanbul: Der Yayınları.

  • Rich, D. J., Gingerich, K. J. ve Rosen, L. A. (1997). “Childhood emotional abuse and associated psychopathology in college students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 11(3), pp. 13-28

  • Rosenberg, J. E. (2003). “Forensic aspects of PTSD in children and adolescents” In: PTSD in children are adolescents, S. Eth (ed.). American Psychiatric Association, Washington D.C., pp. 33-59.

  • Sack, W. H., Seeky, J. R., Clarke, G. N., Seeley, J. (1995). “Post-traumatic stress disorder across two generations of Combodian”, refugees J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 34, pp. 1160-1166.

  • Sigre-Leiros, V., Carvalho, J., Nobre, P.J. (2015a). “Adult interpersonal features of subtypes of sexual offenders”. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 34, pp. 5-10.

  • Sigre-Leiros, V., Carvalho, J., Nobre P. (2015b). “Cognitive schemas and sexual offending: Differencesbetween rapists, pedophilic and nonpedophilic childmolesters, and nonsexual offenders”. Child Abuse & Neglect, 40, pp. 81-92.

  • Şener, E. (2001). Hukuk Sözlüğü, Ankara: Seçkin Yay., p. 378. “Şiddeti Önleme ve Rehabilitasyon Derneği” (2016). Çocuk İstismarına Yönelik Rapor: Acıbadem Üniversitesi Suç ve Şiddetle Mücadele Uygulama ve Araştırma merkezi, 13,

  • T.C. Başbakanlık Sosyal Hizmetler ve Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu UNICEF, & Unicef. (2010). Türkiye’de Çocuk İstismarı ve Aile İçi Şiddet Araştırması - Özet Raporu 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://www.unicef.org/turkey/raporlar/t%C3%BCrkiyede-%C3%A7ocuk-istismari-veaile-i%C3%A7i-%C5%9Fiddet-ara%C5%9Ftirmasi-%C3%B6zet-raporu-2010

  • Topçu, S. (1997). Çocuk ve Gençlerin Cinsel İstismarı- Ensest ve Pedofili, Ankara: Doruk.

  • Underhill, J., Wakeling, H. C., Mann, R. E. & Webster, S. D. (2008). Male sexual offenders’emotıonal openness with men and women. Criminal Justice And Behavior, 35(9), 1156-1173.

  • Veith, I. (1977). Four Thousand Years of Hysteria, pp. 7-93.

  • Yılmaz, E. (2003). Hukuk Sözlüğü, Ankara: Yetkin Yay., p. 326.

  • Zastrow, C. (2003). Practice of Social Work (6. baskı), USA: Hardcover.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • Article Statistics