The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2018 Issue 82

THE IMPACT OF DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND COMMITMENT: AN APPLICATION ON ALTINORDU MUNICIPALITY PERSONNEL

Gülşah KARAVARDAR, Gökhan KARADİREK — 2024-08-29

The importance of understanding the effects of diversity on organizational culture, organizational commitment and performance, job satisfaction and total sales are being increased. The ideas related to affirmative action plans and utilization of diversity to increase organizational effectiveness are counted. The aim of this research is to find out the relationship between workforce diversity, organization culture and organization performance and also demographic factors (gender, age, education) in diversity management. This research is quantitative. The sampling group is teh personnel of Altinordu Municipality in Ordu city. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 was used to analyse data. According to the results a significant diffrence was found between gender and organizational culture. Besides, a positive strong relationship were found among workforce diversity, organizational culture and organizational commitment-performance .

VIOLENCE AND ITS FORMS AND IMPLEMENTATIONS IN ART RACTICES

Fakhriya AL YAHYAİ — 2024-08-29

This research highlights the phenomenon of violence in Arts and attempts to discover its forms and types in art practices. It will also look at violence across history and will try to understand the characters of those who practice art and integrate themselves in the frame of violence. This will be done by searching through the history in order to record the forms and symbols of violence. In general, this research attempts to answer the following questions: how does art present the phenomenon of violence? In which art forms was it mostly presented? And how do the artworks of the contemporary artists show the cases of violence? The descriptive analytic and historical research methodology were used to follow the phenomenon of violence in arts. The results show that there are different art practices that presented and formulated violence in terms of form, context and artistic techniques used. This research concluded that violence has been visible since the beginning of classic art until contemporary one and this regarded as evidence that arts are mirrors reflecting the artist relationship to their own worlds and the world around them. The results also show that the contemporary artists use their bodies as form to record their impact of violence.

THE FISHING AND FISHING INCOME IN THE KILIA FISHGARTHS IN 1763

Şenay ÖZDEMİR GÜMÜŞ — 2024-08-29

By the time the Kili entered to the Ottoman rule in 1484, the fishing income of the area became an important source for the Ottoman treasury. The fishing done in the fishgarths especially in the straits where the city was united with the blacksea had an important place in the fishing activities of the region. The morina and sturgeon had important commercial values were catched in these fishgarths. In the period when the city was captured, the fishgarths were administered by the name Kili Dalyanları Mukataası as an income unit dependent to the havass-ı hümayun. By the eighteenth century however, they were dependent to the Kili Nezareti ve Tevabii Mukataası. This study is about the fishing activities of the fishgarths in the miri status in the Kili in 1763. This paper is based on two registers which contain fishing notes of the these fisgarths covering the dates between April 15 and November 19, 1763. They contain on a daily basis the species and the quantities of the fishes captured in these fishgarths and the sale notes as well as the other fishing incomes collected within the borders of the Kili Nezareti. This study first examines the fishing activities of the Kili fishguarths, and the selling processes. Afterwards it evaluates the fiscal importance of the fishing income for the Kili Nezareti ve Tevabii Mukataası on the basis of the data contained in these registers.

THE CALCIC CAMBISOL SOIL COMPOSED ON THE OLD LAKE BASE OF UŞAK PROVINCE

Ahmet ATASOY — 2024-08-29

This study aims at investigating the features of calcic cambisol soil which is composed in the old lake base of Uşak Province. According to the research principles of Geography, firstly, the factors that are effective on the composing of the soil are investigated. By transforming the effective factors into figures and maps, their relations for each other are put forwarded. In order to determine the features of the soil, eight soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm and 31-60 cm depths and at about 3 meters deep horizons were opened. After taking the necessary reports during these processes, the samples were sent to the full-fledged laboratory of Uşak Food, Agriculture and Live Stock Directorate. In the laboratory environment, the physical chemical features of soil (Ph, Total Salt, Na, K, Lime Organic Substance, Soil, Silt, Clay, Structure Class), the macro (P, Ca, K, Mg) and the micro (Cu, Fe, Mn, 2n) element distributions were studied. The results of the analysis put forwarded by the expert people were summitted to us according to the common protocol. The results of soil analysis were taken into multicriterion evalutions by the help of Geographical Information Systems and then they were transformed into maps. The analysis results were compared to the standart ranges come from different researches and then the range of element level in the soil was determined. The calcic cambisol Upper Miocene Pliocene composing Uşak Province city center was developed on the old limestones. Therefore, its content of lime is high. As it has a loamy structure, it has low yield value in general. Although it has not caused a problem so far, the soil of Uşak Province is more salty contented than the other types of soil. In the structure of this soil which has a slight alcalin reaction, the number of dissolved ions raises. Hence, they partly inhibit the development of the plants. Related to the over use of fertilizers and soil reaction, the level of potassium is very high. The calcic cambisol developed on an old lake warehouse has over lime content. Therefore, they are known as lime soil. This kind of soil producing intense agricultural lands has more organic substances compared to the other kinds. The content of beneficial phosphore and changeable potassium, magnesium and calcium are generally determined as middle level. While the content of ferrous is the middle level, the quantity of manganese and copper are sufficient. However, each of three elements is lessening towards the bottom. In the conclusion part of the study, solution offers to the questions arose during the research and the suitable ways of using the farmlands are proposed.

EXPERIENCE OF WESTERN MUSIC IN THE IDEAL OF MODERNIZATION: SIMILARITIES OF JAPAN AND TURKEY

Onur ŞENEL — 2024-08-29

Similarities of Japan and Turkey which are too far away from each other in terms of geography and culture in their modernization process is the significant subject comparison of Eastern societies with Western culture. In the 19th century, two countries that noticed that the way of their viability is through reaching levels of countries, over themselves in terms of military power, science and technology, entered into processes of social transformation under the influence of leaders who created willpower in the direction of modernization. In this period, Western culture became a focus and steps were taken towards the Westernization of traditional culture. The two countries, consider the Western music culture as an important part of the change, sought to create a new national music culture by taking this culture directly and idealizing traditional music through synthesis. Thus, Western style bands were formed, the foundations of Western music education were laid and ways of “globalization” in traditional music were sought and made standardization in Western style. The similarity of these processes, in which a new era began in two music cultures, is an important indicator for the role of Western music in the ideal of modernization.

TAX PYRAMIDING PROBLEM IN INDIRECT TAXES AND SOLUTION WAY IN THE VALUE ADDED TAX (Tax Reduction Method)

Engin ÖNER — 2024-08-29

Indirect taxes on the use of income and consumption for consumption purposes, on the other hand, are increasing in rate and show personal characteristics. In the majority of indirect taxes, tax pyramiding is defined as the fact that the actual tax rate that the consumer has incurred through taxation, exceeds the statutory tax rate. Since taxation is a taxation at every stage of taxation, it is an unfair situation to increase the tax burden of taxpayers. Value Added Tax (VAT), which is one of the spread taxes, is an indirect tax without tax pyramiding. In this tax, the tax in previous stages is not included in the taxation again, since only the added value is taxed at each stage. Therefore, with the ’tax reduction method” applied as a deduction of the VAT paid in the previous purchase, the tax pyramiding is prevented and this unfair taxation is eliminated.

THE ORIGINALITY PROBLEM IN ART AND APPROPRIATION

Hikmet ŞAHİN — 2024-08-29

Regarding the dynamics of today's art in which the concept of “hyper-reality” invigorates, it is understoood that the original artworks come with the talent, design and productivity processes of it, from the past to the present, is superseded by a pluralistic, irregular attitude developing with collage, copying, quoting, and appropriation tools. In the contemporary times in which art gained a definiton and meaning, the idea that artwork was original, unique, high, and beneficial made it difficult for the work of being unique, due to the timeless nature of the artwork. Art has an organic structure that connects the past and present. Today's art, in which an artwork can be regenerated, replicated by copying is now taken the main motives not from the aura of the elitist artists inspired by the genius, but from the “cyber” culture, which has eclectic features, where the main dynamics are dominated but by the different culture and understanding with pluralist oriented. In this research, from past to present; especially in the post-modern world, the views on the postmodern world shaped by some negativity, and on the universe depicted are evaluated. From the modern period to the post-modern, there has always been an interaction with the past, even including the clasical period, which has been a source of inspiration for artistic creation. This research has endeavoured, on one hand, to get insight into the sources of interaction of art works and, on the other hand, to figure out the artistic parameters of the trend that tends to come up with originality, materiality, commercialisation and appropriation.

EFFECTS OF THE FORCED MIGRATIONS (2014-2017) IN ŞIRNAK PROVINCE ON SOME INDICATORS OF POPULATION

Veysi GÜNAL — 2024-08-29

Terror events in Şırnak province, especially in cities, started again in 2014 and as a result, curfew in districts has been applied in certain periods and times to ensure security. This situation continued until the first quarter of 2017. Terrorism has caused a certain amount of immigration from the province. This forced migration partially and temporarily has affected some indicators of the population in the province and districts. These indicators are the amount of population, the annual growth rate of the population, the rate of urban population and the indicators of migration. In this study, the changes in these indicators and the differences between the districts have investigated.The results of the analyzes indicate that the population of the province has decreased partially in 2016, the annual rate of increase has decreased, the share of the urban population has declined, the negative rate of migration has increased. At the same time, there have been some changes in the direction of migration. However, it should be noted that the period and the degree of influence vary according to the districts. In addition, due to the socio-economic measures taken by the state at the end of the events, it should be noted that in 2017 all the indicators of the population have reached the old developmental structure.

ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP IN RURAL AREA: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY

Hakan ARSLAN, Sedat YAZICI , Kemal DİL , Ensar ÇETİN — 2024-08-29

Beginning from 1990s, citizenship has been a widely discussed issue worldwide in theoretical and empirical studies. Despite this interest, there is still a need to study the subject in various settings and dimensions. In addition to general citizenship behaviors such as voting, and participation and engagement for democratic government, rural area has a unique structure and problematic issues, such as agricultural policies, environmental problems, water problems, forest policies, expropriation, land problems, education problems, health problems, street illumination, problems that are common in rural areas worldwide. This study deals with citizenship issue in the context of rural area. Researching the issue of citizenship such as in rural area setting, which is not sufficiently studied, will hopefully yield substantial results. In the study, active citizenship qualities and behaviors of participants aged 18 years and over living in rural areas were studied. For date collection, Active Citizenship Questionnaire was applied to 162 participants living 12 villages of six provinces located in five geographic regions in Turkey. Results from the study indicated that gender and educational level variables in particular have a dominant influence on active citizenship behaviors.

IN VERSE MENAQIPNAMES IN TURKISH ISLAMIC LITERATION

Ferdi KİREMİTÇİ — 2024-08-29

One of the religious-literary biographical genres evaluated in Islamic Turkish literature is menaqıbnames. Some of the works of this type, which were started to be written in Anatolia from the 12th century, were written in verse. In verse menaqıpnames in our literature are discussed in generally in this study. The study consists of introduction and seven chapters. In the introduction, information is given about the definition and the birth of the species. In the first chapter, in verse menaqıpnames are sorted according to centuries. In the second chapter, the spelling reasons of verse menaqıpnames are explained. In the third chapter, the features of this works are emphasized. In the fourth chapter, the menaqıpnames with translation and similar features are mentioned. In the fifth chapter, information are given about the language and stylistic features of menaqıbnames. In the sixth chapter, the contents of the works are emphasized. In the seventh chapter, the miracle motifs in verse menaqıpnames are mentioned. In this study, it is aimed to contribute to the researchers interested in the subject and to guide the persons who want to read the religious-sufistic personalities’s biography with the works written by the poetry.

AN APPLICATION IN THE MUSIC REVOLUTION; THE ANKARA STATE CONSERVATORY, THE SCHOOL OF MUSICAL

Derya ÇİNİ ŞİMŞEK — 2024-08-29

Ankara State Conservatory in the Early Years of the Republic Historically, Turks have had close relations with many cultures in the past. The results of these cultural relations naturally reflected in the field of music. A comprehensive orientation to European music, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk began in 1923 with the establishment of modern Turkey. While Atatürk has gained modern and contemporary organizations for the new Turkish State, he brought a new vision for the development and progress of the new Turkish art in contemporary sense and in 1924 Muski Muallim Mektebi was opened in Ankara. The school started with three old buildings in Cebeci, and the first director of the school was the Presidential Orchestra Chief Osman Zeki Üngör. Teachers and orchestral artists were educated in western schools for years, and some talented young musicians were sent to various cities in Europe to continue their studies in music. The Ministry of Education's National Music and Representative Academy's law design was accepted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly on 25 June 1934 with 2541 numbers. German composer Paul Hindemith was suggestion, Musiki Muallim Mektebi was transformed into the Ankara State Conservatory in 1936. Lectures at the Conservatory began on November 1, 1936. In 1938, the Department of Music Education was separated from the conservatory by connecting to the Gazi Educational Institute, and in 1940, it was accepted as a conservatory directorship and entered into force. Until 1982, the Ankara State Conservatory, which provided education under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, was taken into the scope of the Higher Education Institution in the same year and was connected to Hacettepe University.

AN EVALUATION OF TOBACCO MONOPOLY IN TURKEY IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY (DP) PERIOD (1950-1960)

Nadir YURTOGLU — 2024-08-29

This study deals with tobacco monopoly in Turkey from 14 May 1950, when the Democratic Party (DP) came to power, to 27 May 1960, when it was discharged from the government, and the reflections of such monopoly on economy. The study is limited to and addressed in a single period: The DP period (1950-1960). Tobacco monopoly in the DP period and its reflections on economy have been evaluated based on numeric data. The source materials of the study are Presidency Republic archive documents and official publications such as Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) proceedings of memorandum, laws, journals of official reports, Republic of Turkey official gazette, statistical annuals, and articles from Ayın Tarihi journal of Directorate of Communications as well as economy magazines of the period. The relevant evaluations have been made considering the contributions made by monopoly products, tobacco being in the first place, to the treasury. The study has found out that after DP came to power on 14 May 1950, an attempt was made to broaden the entrepreneurial space of private capital, and agencies and partnerships were set up in foreign countries. Also, to meet the gradually-increasing cigarette consumption, the amount of tobacco production was raised through subsidiary purchases from producers, thereby laying the foundations of Maltepe Cigarette Factory. As Tax of National Defense was put into effect besides all the monopoly revenues, tobacco revenue being in the first place, hundreds of millions of liras were contributed to the national economy every year as of the second half of 1950.

THE ROLE OF TURKISH TILE ART OVER INTERACTION OF CIVILIZATIONS

Çetin ÖZTÜRK, Zeyneb BAYSAL — 2024-08-29

Civilizations have always been in contact with each other for reasons such as war, immigration, trade and art and have transferred their cultural backgrounds to each other. The ceramic, made by decorating and glazing the heated clay was one of the most important artistic interactions between civilizations. This art, which developed in China, affected almost all Asian and European ceramic arts starting from East. Islamic civilization, which lived its most brilliant era between VIII and XII centuries, served as a bridge between Asia and Europe. The Turkish tile art, which contained Persian, Greek and Byzantine influences, reached its peak in the XVI century with Iznik tiles and influenced Renaissance European ceramic art. With interactions occured between East and West, Western art influenced Ottoman tile art in XIX century and it was seen on architectural structures and portable ceramics. In this study, the interactions between different civilizations have been discussed with a wide time interval and geography. Tile products of many periods have been examined in terms of technique and decor, decoration compositions of different eras have been compared with each other, the interaction of art centers with each other has been tried to be revealed with their historical and artistic developments.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BALL THROWING VELOCITY DURING THE 3STEP SHOT AND REACTION TIME, AGILITY AND ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS IN HANDBALL

Zeynep İnci KARADENİZLİ, Nusret Ahmet BULGURCUOĞLU — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study was to investigation of the relationship between ball throwing velocity (BTV) during the 3Step Shot and anthropometric characteristics, reaction time, and agility in handball players. The study 2014-2015 season Handball Championship in Turkey from the first High School (age= 17.86 0.35 years) male handball team athletes (n= 14) participated as volunteers. BTV was measured by Sports Radar Gun, agility was measured infrared photocell, reaction time was measured reaction timer, anthropometric measurements were measured meter, digital scale and height meter. SPSS 21 program was used for statistic analysis. As a result, it was determined that there was a statistically significant relationship between the BTV and the agility and arm span values (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between BTV and other parameters (p>0.05). It can be said that the agility and the arm span are effective in selecting the talent to increase the BTV in the handball.

TESTING THE HONOR: DIVORCED AND WIDOW WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES IN TURKEY

Esra GEDİK — 2024-08-29

In this study, my main purpose is to grasp how women whose marriage is ended up either by divorce or the loss of the husband experience the life after marital dissolution as widows and a divorced women. These women are stigmatized such as they are called “deviant” or assumed sexually threat to stable marriage and families as widow or divorced women. Thus, because of these attitudes, they are isolated and stayed in more closed relations. Morever, because of the cultural context they live in, divorced and widow women trapped in the control of other men in the family, in the neighborhood or in the society. To express that they are "honorable" in order to live in a more socio-eco-friendly way after the end of the marriage by divorce or death of the spouse.

“SOUR YEAST BREAD” A TRADİTİONAL FLAVOR FROM THE INDUSTRIAL CITY OF GEBZE

Mehmet Akif ŞEN — 2024-08-29

Many local products, which have always been an important competent of cultural heritage, have faced danger of extinction as a result of the change in the nutrition habits. The rapid urbanization and industrialization in the world show their impact in the cultural field and threatens the cultural assets. Traditional sour yeast bread, which is one of the local foods made since very old years in Gebze, is a delicacy that has been forgotten. This study will remind the forgotten tastes and traditions and try to ensure protection and sustainability of the local cultural heritage of the cities. This research developed a number of alternative recomendations in order to make the sustainability of Sour Leavened Bread’s production and consumption, to preserve this intangible cultural heritage, to transfer it to next generations and increase the tourists’ demand.

MEASUREMENT OF EFFIENCİES BY DATA ENELOPE ANALYSIS THE REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIPS INDUSTRY IN BIST INDEKS

Umut Tolga GÜMÜŞ, Hatice CAN ÖZİÇ — 2024-08-29

Nowadays, the increasing competition environment in the sector and international markets in which the enterprises operate, has made forces financial performance measurement mandatory. It is important to determine the level of success of financial performance measurement, to determine whether the achieved targets have been achieved, to reveal its strengths and weaknesses, to determine correct and realistic plans for the future. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is the most preferred nonparametric, linear programming-based method for determining the extent to which enterprises use their resources effectively. The aim of this study is to determine the financial activities of twenty five companies operating in the Real Estate Investment Trusts sector based on their financial statements between 2013-2017. Input ratio consisting of current ratio, cash ratio, receivable turnover rate, equity turnover rate and asset turnover ratio, return on equity resulting from profitability, net profit margin, gross profit margin, borrowing ratio, CCR input from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods method. As a result of the analyzes, inefficient enterprises which are effective for each year are determined and the efficiency values are discussed in detail.The five-period activity average of the enterprises was determined and the results of the analysis were evaluated in the sector.

THE IMPACT OF MOBILE APPLICATIONS ON PURCHASING BEHAVIOR: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON THE GENERATION Y

Sibel AYDOĞAN, Güzide ÖNCÜ EROĞLU PEKTAŞ — 2024-08-29

Developments in information and communication technologies and the increasing use of mobile communication tools present new marketing channels to businesses. This change has also shaped consumer behavior and brought new lifestyles together. In this context, the widespread use of mobile communication devices, especially smartphones, has made mobile marketing an attractive channel for businesses. In this study, the effects of generation Y, which is the most active consumer of consumer society for social scientists and marketing experts on the purchasing behavior of generation Y of mobile applications, which provide themselves a serious share in the market, were investigated. The population of Turkey's generation Y is approximately 25 million people in Turkey and now holds an important place in terms of number of consumer culture. One out of every three persons in Turkey is said to be from the Generation Y (Marketing Turkey, 2016, p.84). The study was conducted with university students who are from the Generation Y and who are born in Istanbul between 1980-2000.The focus group interview technique, which is gaining importance in recent years as one of the qualitative research techniques, has been used in the study.

IDENTIFICATION OF İNEGÖL ŞER’İYYE REGISTRY NUMBERED B-368 DATED 1866

Mustafa POLAT — 2024-08-29

Şer'iyye registries are among the important archive documents for analyzing the socio-cultural and economic structure of the Ottoman society. These registries in which political, economic, administrative, legal, religious and cultural documents are recorded contain many information that may shed light to culture and civilization. In that respect they are indispensable sources of local history studies. It is important that identification and indexing studies are carried out for şer’iyye registries since they contain valuable information on the period and location they belong to. Nearly all of the twenty şer’iyye registries of Inegöl town which have reached the present day belong to 19th century. B-368 numbered registry which contains the events of 1866 is the subject of this article because of the wide variety of the subjects. The studied registry contains documents about different subjects like; credit debit, grant, debt on pawn in economics; partition of inheritance, divorce, wedding licence, alimony, guardian, surrogate appointment, wedding engagement about family structure; lawsuit, inheritance conflict, agreement, wounding, sexual assault attribution on forensic incidents; command, regent assignment in administrative documents. Consequently, with this studied and demostrated registry, it is aimed to contribute to the people who would like to make a research about the socio-cultural and economic structure of the city.

A RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL DEMOCRACY ON JOB SATISFACTION AND THE DETERMINATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL DEMOCRACY PERCEPTIONS AND JOB SATISFACTION LEVELS OF THE EMPLOYEES OF THE HEALTH SECTOR

Muhammet ÇANKAYA — 2024-08-29

Hospitals are health institutions that provide non-stop services to people demanding health services with a lot of experts they employ, play an important role in maintaining the welfare of the communities and also have an educational role. Certainly, it is not easy to ensure that the employees from different occupational groups working in the hospitals work together in such a way that they are satisfied with their jobs. However, organization managers aim to increase the job satisfaction levels of the employees with several regulations. One of these regulations is to integrate democratic practices into the organizational structures and processes. The aim of this study is to determine the organizational democracy perceptions and job satisfaction levels of employees working in public hospitals and also to determine whether or not organizational democracy has a significant effect in increasing the job satisfaction levels of the employees. As a result of the study, conducted with a total of 200 healthcare professionals, it was found that mean scores of the organizational democracy perception of the employees were 2.42, their mean scores of general job satisfaction level were 2.73 and moderate significant (in the range of ,411 and ,602) correlations were determined between the organizational democracy subscales and job satisfaction and its subscales. In addition, it was determined that justice, equality, and accountability subscales of organizational democracy affected job satisfaction positively and significantly, however, it was also determined that participation & criticizing and transparency subscales did not have a significant effect on job satisfaction.

THE EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS ON EFFECTIVENESS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF TURKISH COMMERCIAL BANKING

Ebru Gül YILMAZ — 2024-08-29

Turkish banking sector has become stronger in terms of financial infrastucture with the help of lessons from the 2001 crisis. Profitabilty and effectiveness has become one of the most important issue under the circumstances of decreasing profit margins and diminishing share of high-profit treasury and government bonds in total assets. Information technology investments that are postponed due to economic plight, became taking upward trend after the crisis 2001. It is still under investigation that those information technology investments could have chance to be implemented. According to literature investigations, relationship between IT investments and banking sector financial performance could not be proved The main investigation area of this research is the effects of information technology investments on effectiveness and financial performance of Turkish commercial banks and implementation success of information technologies.

NÂKÂM AND HIS MASNAVI NAMED FERHÂD U ŞÎRÎN

Kadir ALPER — 2024-08-29

İsmail Nâkâm is one of the poets of 19th century classical Turkish Literature in Azarbaijan area. The poet born in Şeki in 1839 took madrasah education, learnt Arabic, Persian and Russian and made literary poetic and prosaic works . The poet in 1908 died in the same city have literary works named as as Turkish Divan (collected poems), Leylâ vü Mecnûn, Ferhâd-ü Şîrîn, Gencîne-i Edeb, Latif-nâme, Hayâlât-ı Perişân, Münşeat, Dört Efendi. Nâkâm wanted to put forth a similar work as Genceli Nizâmî’s hamse but he could have written only three masnavis. One of these three masnavis -Ferhâd-ü Şîrîn is the subject of this study. The poet whose Works reminds the effect of Nizami wrote Ferhâd ü Şîrîn with the same effect but he added original scenes to hiswork around the main theme suitable to his age. The heroes of the masnavi are the same. In his work Nakam, focused on Ferhâd and Şîrîn clearly where as he especially put less emphasis on Hüsrev. Mehinbânû, Şîrîn, Ferhâd and Hüsrev are the unchanging heroes of the story. Ferhâd u Şîrîn, one of the samples that reflects the style and content features of classical masnavi literature fluently, is composed of 808 couplets. 21 couplets at the end of the work is in Persian.

PROFESSİONAL SKEPTICISM OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR

F.Didem GÖÇMEN — 2024-08-29

The fact that professional skepticismis one of the key instruments of performing an effective audit, which is often emphasized both in the literature and in international audit standards.The main reason that brings institutions creating standards and researchers to underline this point is that the insufficiency of professional skepticism is shown among the most important reasons of failure in many studies performed on audit failures.The basic approaches of professional skepticism in the literature , on which there is not enough study in Turkey yet, were presented in this study. Later,through the questionnaire created by adapting Hurtt’s (2010) professional skepticism scale to Turkish, the auditors’ levels of professional skepticism were evaluated through several factors. The results of the research have revealed that auditors’ levels of professional skepticism are high, but, their decision making ability score (autonomy) is very low.

KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY IN SANSKRIT, PĀLI, NEPALI, PUNJĀBI AND HINDI

Nuray ÖZENÇ — 2024-08-29

The Indian sub-continent is a geography that is rich in terms of ethnic identities, languages, religions and castes. Sources of variety within this heterogeneous texture can be traced through various channels and kinship terms are just of these channels. Kinship is a system within the society where an individual lives with which he or she relates themselves to other members of the society. This social relationship or bond, which is established through genetics or marriage, is a natural point of meeting for the disciplines of anthropology and linguistics. The Indian sub-continent, which encompasses five countries including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan (Eastern Himalayas) and Sri Lanka via the Strait of Palk, houses innumerable systems of kinship. Four major caste groups are divided into subgroups at more than level, thus yielding about 2000 ethnic groups and 500 languages and dialects. 8 great religions and philosophies within this diversity renders the terminology further complicated. This present study aims to compare and contrast Drāvidianand in particularTamil Brahman terms, Kashmiri Brahman terms, southernmost South Merchant caste of Nagarattar (Nāttukūttai) and northern Orissa Aghria village terms, which are geographically the remotest from one another, Sanskrit, Pāli, Nepalī, Hindi and Punjabi kinship terms.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPING ON THE ARTIST-RECEIVER MEETING BY QUALITATIVE DATA ANLYSIS

Murat SARI, Adnan TEPECİK — 2024-08-29

While the art galleries that existed in art in the process of transition to virtual galleries with technological development brought the culture againt extinction, it started to carry the artist-receiver meeting of the 21st century to a different and virtual environment. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of developing technology on artist-receiver meeting. In this study, the most recent trend of contemporary art, the virtual galleries or the so-called “e-galleries”, the concept of exhibiting art Works on the internet and the differences between the traditional art galleries. In this respect, Turkey has collected data through interviews with some of the leading artists. The findings of the interviews conducted in line with the structured interview form were presented and interpreted. In the artist interviews, it was emphasized that virtual galleries negatively affect art in the artist-buyer gathering.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SYMBOLS USED IN INTERNATIONAL AND TURKISH FASHION BRANDS

Fatma Seçil KARAYEL — 2024-08-29

Brand plays an important role in distinguishing, introducing and promoting products and Being an international brand is a long way, including successful design, high investment, effective promotion and distribution. When it comes to the fashion industry in Turkey, the number of firms that can achieve this is limited. When we look at the countries that dominate the world in industrial and commercial aspects, we see that the multinational companies in these countries are worth billions of dollars. Branding is a process and consists of many components. At the same time, the brand also refers to the logo and name used by the company and also the feelings and thoughts carried by the consumer about their products and institutions. The components such as name, symbol, color and shape of the mark in the design process appeal to the visual perception and add strength to the brand value. Just as brands have different names, they have different symbols, and sometimes people recognize this symbol better than brands. In this study, the differences between brand symbols which have an important place in the international fashion sector and names, symbols, shapes and colors used in Turkish trademark symbols will be analyzed using the literature survey method.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATIC PROPERTIES IN DENIZLI

Tülay Aygören, Hasan ÇUKUR — 2024-08-29

In Denizli, industrial activities hava been performed intensively and urbanization and population have also been increasing rapidly. This situation causes some environmental problems in this field. Among these problems, air pollution takes the lead. The period and frequency of air pollution are very related to climatic factors in the field, together with humane factors create the source of air pollution. Consequently, this study has been studied to reveal the effects of climatic features from air pollution and physical geographical factors in Çürüksu Basin, in which Denizli is widely located. So, SO2 and PM10 concentrations for air pollution and meteorological data between 2013 and 2016 such as heat, humid, pressure and wind have been used. In order to indicate the relation between air pollution and climate elements, multiple regression and correlation analysis have been performed by using SPSS software. By means of this study, it has been revealed that there is a strong relationship between climatic factors and pollution parameters in Basin.

A RESEARCH ON THE BUSINESS SATISFACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF TAX INSPECTORS: THE CASE OF KOCAELİ

Cengiz GÜNEY, Bilal BEKTAŞ — 2024-08-29

inspectors and tax inspector aides working in Tax Audit Board, Kocaeli Small and Medium Scale Taxpayer Group Presidency were investigated.The study used the Minesotta Job Satisfaction Scale developed according to the 5 Likert scale with a personal information form for learning demographic characteristics. Survey data were obtained by face-to-face survey method and the data were analyzed by SPSS program. The data of the study were analyzed by independent sample t test and ANOVA tests, and the results were interpreted through tables. The number of participants participating in the survey is 46 tax inspector, and 76 is tax inspector assistance. There are a total of 215 professionals, 88 Tax Inspectors and 127 Tax Inspector Assistance in Tax Inspection Board, Kocaeli Small and Medium Sized Taxpayers Group Presidency . The participation rate was calculated as (122/215 = 0.56). The scale reliability Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated to be 0.959. As a result of the research, the characteristics of job satisfaction of the tax inspectors and tax inspector aides operating in the Tax Auditing Board, Kocaeli Small and Medium Sized Taxpayer Group Presidency was analyzed according to their demographic characteristics and the analysis results were interpreted through the tables.

ORGANIZATION FORM FROM MAVERAUNNEHIR TO ANATOLIA: AHI ORGANIZATION

Safa ACAR — 2024-08-29

Guilds of Ahi is a solidarity organization established as tradesmen of the Turkmen tribes who came to Anatolia in the 13th century. The purpose of the establishment is to ensure that the tradesmen activities in the new Anatolian lands, which are in the hands of foreigners, can be done by the Turks as well, to gain economic independence and to adapt to new lands. A great solidarity environment was created through the Ahi organization. At this point, the Turks gained independence from the economic front. Financial support was provided to the members who did not have sufficient capital in the middle thanks to the fact that they were able to trade or trade. A solidarity culture was formed within the union by providing various supports to the members who had a bad situation. The Turks in the Horusan region, the foundation of the Ahilik organization, have developed during the first Islamic period and the members of this sect have come to protect themselves from the Mongol raids in a new organizational form in Anatolia. This organization is a form of ahi.

THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL TASTE EXPERIENCE ON DESTINATION IMAGE AND DESTINATION LOYALTY: AN INVESTIGATION ON DOMESTIC TOURISTS VISITING MERSIN

Sercan BENLİ, Uysal YENİPINAR — 2024-08-29

Travelling to explore different tastes and local flavours has gained considerable popularity in recent years. In this research, the effect of local food experience, on the perceived destination image and destination loyalty was investigated in the scope domestic tourists visiting Mersin. The research was designed as testing and the exploratory type of research under the relational search model. The study conducted by the means of questionnaire composing certain scales which were developed by the several researchers before. The questionnaire was applied by face-to-face conversations through convenience sampling method. The data gathering process was set off on the 1st of May, 2014, and lasted 30 days. In total 410 completed surveys were collected. For the statistical analyses, from descriptive statistics, explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling path analysis were benefited. The results showed that tourists perceived local taste experience under the four factors composing; cultural experience, appeals to the senses, interpersonal relationships, and psychological relief. Furthermore, while tourists were perceived destination image under seven factors involving entertainment and outdoor activities, a variety of food and facilities, price and value, natural resources, environment and historic sites, the destination loyalty were perceived as a single factor referring one’s behavioural aptitude. The results of the structural equation modelling path analysis showed that the local taste experiences of tourists have a positive effect both on destination image and on destination loyalty. However, it was understood that destination image is a key attitudinal factor mediating the effect of local food experiences on destination loyalty. In conclusion, the success of the tourists’ local taste experiences had an impact on their behavioural aptitudes to the destination; nonetheless, the destination image is one of the vital factors that is influential in increasing the relation between one’s local taste experience and loyalty to destination. Research was ended up with both conceptual and practical outcomes and suggestions for the future studies.

THE EFFECT OF ZEUGMA MOSAİC MUSEUM TO GAZİANTEP’S BRAND CİTY PERCEPTİON

Mehmet Akif GÜNAY — 2024-08-29

Destitanation attractiness is a powerful marketing tool that helps distinguish the city from its competitors. Destination attractions can be used as an effective tool to improve the image of the city and attract the target audiences who will visit the city and raise the level of rememberability of the experiences to be experienced. The museums as the elements of the national attraction and the presentation tool of the visual culture are able to fulfill the task of being an attractive platform in the national and international context by improving the urban image. Zeugma Mosaic Museum is one of the most recent attracting element of examples of city branding. In this study, as an attraction element effects of Zeugma Mosaic Museum's on Gaziantep's brand city perception measured. In this direction, a survey conducted to local tourists who could not from Gaziantep but visited the Zeugma Mosaic Museum. As a result of the study, it was found that positive perceptions about the attractiveness of the Zeugma Mosaic Museum were higher. As a result of the study, it was found that positive perceptions about the attractiveness of the Zeugma Mosaic Museum were higher. In parallel with this, it was concluded that Zeugma Mosaic Museum's cultural attractiveness dimension has also positive effect on the; brand city presentation, meaning and equivalence.

DENİZLİ AKŞİTLER LIBRARY MANUSCRIPTS AND BINDING ORNAMENTATIONS

Feyzi AYDIN — 2024-08-29

As an indication our civilization, manuscripts have been given great importance for generations. For this reason, there are a lot of manuscripts in our country that have been continued both in their productions and in their collections. One of them the Akşitler Library located in Yatağan district of Denizli's Serinhisar. In Denizli Akşitler Library, in total there are 352 manuscripts. These manuscripts are from 15th to 18th century and generally about religious topics. In these pieces, tea-color and sizing paper are used, and they are mostly written in talik and nesih lines. Black ink and red (lal) ink are preferred in these pieces. Manuscripts do not have different qualifications in terms of paper ornamentations. However, in these manuscripts we chose as the subject of this study, different qualifications in terms of binding ornamentation are identified. The binding of manuscripts in Akşitler Library are made from leather, fabric and marbling. Black, brown and maroon leathers are widely used in these pieces.

URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN CITIES AND COMMUNICATION OF COMMUNES

Talha TURHAN — 2024-08-29

Cities, which have emerged in the past and nowadays, depending on many important forms of social relations and their consequences, are an ancient social formation in which production and management activities are organized. Cities can be shaped, regressed or lost in accordance with the general characteristics of the societies that make it up. In this process of urban evolution, inter-communal relations as well as inter-communal relations have a strong transformative effect on cities. From the beginning of the century onwards, inter-communal and inter-communal relations were mostly provided by trade, and inter-city relations had been associated with trade and convergence. As a matter of fact, in any civilization, city life was not considered as independent from trade. The main reason for this approach was the necessity of urban life and dependency relationships. In this study, the emergence and development of the medieval cities and the socio-cultural, socio-political and socio-economic transformation of the medieval cities in parallel with the development of production and trade, and the influence of this transformation on the middle class living in the form of communes in the citadel cities and the state process of communes were examined.

A STUDY ON THE VIOLENCE OF WOMEN ACCORDING TO EDUCATION LEVELS

Dilek ŞENEL — 2024-08-29

In our country, there is an increase day by day in cases of violence against women. Women, in a part of their lives, are exposed to violence by different people and a significant number of these women lose their lives. Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI), has carried out Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey in 2008 and 2014. This study was carried out with the data obtained from Micro Data Sets of TurkStat 2014. The data included in the study were analyzed with SPSS Statistics Program. The women in the study were exposed to violence in Turkey are illiterate result of 11.7%. When examined in terms of violence, women are most exposed to social violence. Then, they were exposed to verbal and physical violence. Women with primary school education are exposed to sexual violence. It is determined that women who have doctoral level education are not exposed to violence in terms of economic, sexual and physical. As a result of the research, it has been determined that as women's education levels increase, there is a decrease in their exposure to violence.

APPROACH TO INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC LAW AND COMPETITION LAW PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL MERGERS ABSTRACT

Yılmaz SERDAROĞLU — 2024-08-29

Cross-border mergers are the subject of public law, not only because of business and international relations, but also because of tax issues and public benefits. In the past, the number of cross-border mergers of only very large corporations is limited, and nowadays it is becoming more and more common. Communication and transportation technologies have a great role in this process. On the other hand, in the cross-border mergers, the new structure that emerged after the merger affects both the markets in which the companies are located and within the scope of international public law in terms of the tax-generating event. Although studies have been carried out on cross-border mergers of companies, there has been no study on this subject from the perspective of international public law and competition law. Therefore, this study examines the cross-border mergers of companies in the context of competition law and international public law. The related literature and field applications in the research were evaluated and discussed with content analysis methods. According to the findings obtained in the study, it is possible that concerted actions in competition law occur in the cross-border mergers of companies and a disruptive effect can occur. According to the findings obtained from the applications, cross-border mergers of companies can cause significant tax losses. For this reason, legal arrangements in the cross-border mergers of companies should be understood in a good way and regulations should be made accordingly.

AN INVESTIGATION ABOUT THE ORPHANS' HERITAGE

Mohamed Lamine TOURE — 2024-08-29

In Islamic Law, a child who lost his father is commonly called an orphan. This qualification lasts until the age of puberty. The main difference between the inheritance law and the other statutory provisions is that the concept is originated from verses, hadiths and what has been agreed upon by scholars (İjma). In the Qur'an, the provisions related to inheritance are mentioned in the surahs of Nisâ, Enfâl and Ahzâb. In this research, our priority is to examine the provisions on the inheritance of the orphans and to evaluate how the rights and narratives should be reconsidered. The concept of Orphan from the linguistic and idiomatic perspectives and how the orphan child is protected will be explain. We will also clarify the controversies surrounding the inheritance rates between girls and boys, and the situation of the orphan children before Islam and how the justice of Allah is just.

CONCEPT MAP USE OF THE INVESTIGATION STUDIES PRESCHOOL IN TURKEY: (2000-2017 )

Gülsün KARSLI, Murat KURT — 2024-08-29

This study is an analytical study which is done by researching post graduate theses, doctorate theses and articles that can be accessed oriented toward the pre-school use of concept map in Turkey published between the years of 2000 – 2017 on the data basis of Google Academic and The Council of Higher Education. In total there have been achieved 14 studies with the inclusion of 8 theses and 6 articles intended for the pre-school use of concept map in Turkey by researching the articles and theses that are included into the study. At the end of the study it can be detected that there are more article studies and the broadcasting language is Turkish except for one study. There has been confirmed that the doctorate and post graduate theses in the study are done with quantitative methods, 4 of the articles are done with quantitative methods and 2 of the articles are done with qualitative methods. In the studies there have been used 53 key words and the keywords “Pre-School Education, The Concept Education, Childhood and Concept Map” are mostly preferred. At the end of the research there has been presented a general point of view by searching the studies carried out for the use of concept map before school in Turkey.

YOUNG RELIGIOUS LIFE IN THE LIGHT OF RELIGIOUS LIFE REGARDING THE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN TURKEY https://cevirsozluk.com/

Firdevs KARATAŞ TEMİZ — 2024-08-29

Since the existence of humanity, the institution of religion has an important place in the society and every religion has a dimension of worship as well as dimension of belief. But this dimension is influenced by individual or social conditions in every society. In the light of empirical studies about young people's religious life in Turkey, we will try to address their worship of their lives in this article. The faith and worship life of the youth period is an issue which has been emphasized by both religious and social sciences. Quran and hadith-i sharifs have been the subject of youth in many points. We will examine the religious and worship life of young people who live in Turkey within the framework of empirical studies in this study. In this context, the religious tendencies of the youth period, the types of worship and the degrees of worship are among the topics we will talk about.

NEVŞEHİR'S PROVISION WAS A NECESSARY? WERE KIRŞEHİR'S PENALTING? ; THE PROCESS OF NEVŞEHİR TO BECOME A CITY AROUND THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY DISCUSSIONS

Ameen IKRAM OBAID — 2024-08-29

The second turning point of Nevşehir, where was converted a city from a village named Muşkara at the reign of Groom İbrahim Pasha, in its history is the elections of 1954. The punishment idea of Democrat Party that came on power with the multiparty life at Republican era, due to the choice of Kırşehir at the 1954 elections opens a way for Nevşehir where was attempting to become a province center. However the result of the election choice does not pleased the government; it brings plenty of discussion at the assembly with the draft law that turns Kırşehir a town and Nevşehir a province. Though Democrat Party tries to explain the draft law with geographic and economic reasons, cannot be successful to persuade the public opinion. The city becoming of Nevşehir stays in the shadow of these agreements. In this study the process of Nevşehir to become a city is going to be evaluated around these assemble discussions.

VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGY APPLYING IN A PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

Akif EMİROĞLU — 2024-08-29

Today, industries face challenges such as the pressures of global economies, the growing and diversification of consumer expectations and demands, and the proliferation of product complexities. In order to survive in a competitive market, it is necessary for industrial companies to develop innovative products and improve product quality, reduce product costs and shorten the time to market. To remain competitive, companies are aiming to be effective by introducing new design methodologies and processes by applying computer technologies to reduce operating costs and improve products. Virtual Reality (VR) and Virtual Prototyping techniques are new technologies that are developed by high-tech organizations. Although these computer technologies are promising, adopting them does not bring any organizational benefits. The purpose of this study is to introduce and analyses the existing computer-interactive visualization technology and VR. Methodologically, by defining VR, product developing and product life cycle and applied in product development projects. As a result, the findings from the study show that VR system should be profitable to product development projects.