The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2017 Issue 41

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NICOSIA MUNICIPAL COMMISSION (1885-1908)

Mehmet DEMİRYÜREK — 2026-07-16

When Cyprus was occupied by the British, the municipalities had been set up in the cities in Cyprus under the Ottoman rule. Nevertheless the British administration decided that the organizations of the municipalities in Cyprus were inadequate and it was issued two regulations concerning the municipalities in 1880 and 1882. After 1885, some attempts were made by the government to form a selected Municipal Council but it was not accomplished, in that the selected Turkish and Greek members had different considerations concerning the municipality and presidency. Until 1908, the works of Nicosia Municipality were carried out by the Nicosia Municipal Commission consisted of three members appointed by the Cyprus Governor. The aim of this study is to evaluate this historical period with its reasons and results. Consequently it will be contributed to the history of Cyprus, the history of the Nicosia Municipality and the history of the local administration of Cyprus.

COMMUNICATION IN KOSOVO: FROM CONFLICT TO POSTCONFLICT

Ibrahim BERİSHA — 2026-07-16

This paper discuses models of media communications in Kosovo after 1999 when the country was placed under an international civilian and military administration of the United Nations Interim Administration in Kosovo (UNMIK) and NATO-led peacekeeping mission, KFOR. It tends to probe whether the big number of the licensed electronic media outlets in the Albanian, Serbian, Turkish, Bosnian, and Roma language, controlled through the media regulatory promulgated by the international administration, influenced on the free development of journalism and public communications. The paper also treats the effects of the print media regulatory in the case of the Dita newspaper, which was banned after having published an investigative feature story on a suspected war crimes case, under the justifications of spreading hate speech.

THE TYPE OF DECEITFUL WOMEN IN THE CLASSICAL TURKISH LITERATURE: DELLE-I MUHTÂLE

Osman ÜNLÜ, Meltem DENİZ — 2026-07-16

Humor has been a constant part of life from the times when mankind existed to this day. This is also quite evident in Classical Turkish Literature. There are countless examples of humor that is basic, characteristic, moral, educational and tutorial in every period. Beside this, the number of works with a laughing feature on the front is small. There are also some characteristic types in these works of our classical literature. One of these types is Delle-i Muhtâle. A great deal of material about this humorous tideline, which is not seen much by today's literary researchers and seems to be noteworthy, is waiting to be processed. Delle-i Muhtâle, a type originating from Arabic literature, has taken place in our literature both as a metaphor and as a sepereted. As a bad and deceitful type, Delle-i Muhtâle is treated as an example of the type of bad woman in many poems and mathnawis, or as the person whom the characters are likened to. In this article, we have been informed about the type of this evil woman by way of the texts directly related to Delle-i Muhtâle.

THE REASONS OF SELECTING RELIGION, MORAL AND VALUES SELECTIVE COURSES BY PARENTS (Antalya, Burdur and Isparta Example)

Saadettin ÖZDEMİR, Mustafa KAYA — 2026-07-16

Human beings, born without having any world knowledge and different from other creatures, learn all the issues concerning how to satisfy their needs after birth. This situation is the same for both satisfying material and spiritual needs. The way these needs are being satisfied is quite important. Being prepared for the future, our youth satisfy their spiritual needs thanks to Religion and Ethics courses. However, as the insufficiency of these courses for the satisfaction of these needs were realized new selective courses have been considered for reinforcement. By considering both students and parents’ needs, new selective courses have been offered that include the other topics that are not included in Religion and Ethics courses and are found to be necessary for students’ spiritual education. Parents have stated favorable opinions on the integration of new selective courses on religion, moral and values in the curriculum. Parents expect their children to have more reliable knowledge on religion with the help of these new selective courses. Furthermore, according to them children will be better equipped for the future problems and better cope with those problems thanks to this reliable knowledge.

INCLUSION STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARD THEIR SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTS

Levent DENİZ, Kübra PEMİK — 2026-07-16

There are several reasons which affect the success of the inclusion education where students with special needs have their education through their i

AN ANALYSIS REGARDING RELATION BETWEEN 1982 CONSTITUTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Gökhan AK, Mete Kaan KAYNAR — 2026-07-16

The rights in the 1982 Constitution are mentioned under the headings such as “Basic Rights and Assignments”, “Social and Economic Rights and Assignments” and “Political Rights and Assignments”. Human rights, however, as sourcing from dignity and worth of being a human could be defined as universal moral principles which all human beings have whether those rights are recognized them or not. The main aim of this research is to analyze 1982 Constitution in the context of human rights by exploring main philosophical debates regarding human rights and constitutions. To realize this goal, we will at first try to define human rights in line with the ‘rights’ concept. Then, we will try to explore the relation between the concepts of human rights and constitution while recounting deeply on the philosophical fundamentals of human rights. In the second part of the research, the relation between 1982 Constitution and human rights will be analyzied in the framework and regard of ‘state philosophy of the Constitution’, basic rights and liberties and their status in the Constitution.

KÖZKAMAN/LIK: BETRAYAL AND IDENTITY PROBLEMATIQUE

Samet AZAP — 2026-07-16

The role of a nation taken a hand in history is crucial for the development of its future perception. Kyrgyz experiencing both the process of occupation during Czarist Russia and the process of otherization with the establishment of The Soviet Union owe their self esteem to The Epic of Manas. The heroism of Manas creating significant awareness in the history of Kyrgyz has a vital importance for the development of national consciousness. The term of ‘ mankurt’ from this epic has been used with the terms like otherization, disidentification, alienation which make tremendous impact on World literature by Cengiz Aytmatov. ‘Közkamanlık’ constituting the purpose of this study is also a term taken from The epic of Manas like ‘otherization’. Lack of knowledge and text analysis about ‘közkamanlık’ mentioned recently in Turkish World Literatures has paved the way for this study. The term of ‘közkaman’ has been emphasized primarily and the form of treating the subject of ‘ közkamanlık’ in Manas has been analysed. Furthermore, the term of ‘közkaman’ which will be evaluated with betrayal and the feature of ‘ közkaman character’ have been indicated. Finally, the differences between ‘közkamanlık’ and ‘otherization’ have been revealed and sample analysis in the context of the relationship among ‘közkamanlık’, ‘ betrayal’ and ‘ identity problematique’ have been carried out in the story of ‘ Kuma Kadından Doğan Büyük Lider’.

THE USE OF FAIRY TALE, LEGEND, AND EPIC TEXTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD PERIOD

Neslihan KARAKUŞ, Neşe IŞIK — 2026-07-16

Fairy tales, legends and epics are necessary to be introduced to the children who dream about new environments and are parts of those environments in order to enrich their imaginary worlds. The studies show that the early child-hood period is a period when subconscious values are created, therefore, this issue should be particularly sensitive. With its original narrative style, its lan-guage using skill and its addressing to the world of imagination, tales; with its presenting many national and local events with a colorful and engaging narra-tive and its addressing to the world of imagination, legends; with its expressing the extraordinary events by giving the best examples of the language of their society and creating a common thought by their enthusiasm and sincerity, epics are the necessary genres to be used in early childhood period. In the scope of the research, firstly the importance of using fairy tale, legend and epic genres in children's education was emphasized. In the study, “Document analysis method”, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. Various texts of fairy tales, legends and epics published by the publishing houses in accordance with the early childhood period were selected by the random met-hod and the content of the selected texts was analyzed and then the findings section was created. The purpose of the study was to determine which examp-les of tales, legends and epics that were important for the children's cognitive, social, personality and language development in early childhood were and how appropiate these examples were for the children development. The result of the first analysis is that the market already has a wide variety of fairytale books by many different publishing houses. The number of books about le-gends and epics is limited for early childhood. The study was formed by eva-luating in the frame of the first analysis, then the selected texts were analyzed and their appropriateness and adequacy were determined and concluded.

A ‘HOPELESS’ LIFE AFTER EARLY MARRIAGES

Talip YİĞİT — 2026-07-16

This study is focused on the life experiences of early married women on private and public space post early marriage. In this study, it has been tried to explore the grounded knowledge lying behind the life experiences of women post early marriage by conducting face-to-face in-depth semi-structured interviews with early married women. Thus, the study has been created and conducted on qualitative basis. In general, the results of the study indicate that the patriarchal order in which early married women living, reproduces early marriages and that women are exposed to a limited and passive life cycle. This cyclical process is based on a series of unequal patriarchal relations, starting at private space where the foundations of patriarchal values are laid, and involving public space. This can be interpreted as the early married women being trapped in a man-dependent life in poverty and lack of education. Thus, within the scope of this study it has been concluded that early marriages maintain their existence in a cultural climate where the patriarchal ideology prevails.

EFFECTS OF SELF KNOWLEDGE AND COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT COURSE ON THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEM SOLVING AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Hatice TAMBAĞ — 2026-07-16

The research was made to determine the effects of Self Knowledge and Communication Management course in the undergraduate nursing program on the students’ problem solving and communication skills. This was a semi-experimental study including pre test-post test design with a single group. The study was conducted with 90 students who agreed to participate in the research and who were in class one in 2012-2013 academic years at the health school of a state university in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The data was collected by administrating the personal information form, the scale of Problem Solving Inventory and Communication Skills Evaluation before and after the course. Numbers, percentage, t Test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data. After Self Knowledge and Communication Management course, the average scores of problem solving inventory and communication skills evaluation scale increased statistically significantly (p<0.01). In research it was found Self Knowledge and Communication Management course affected students’ problem solving and communication skills positively and provided them awareness.

DETERMINING OPTIMAL LAND USE OF THE BINGOL PLAIN AND ITS NEAR SURROUNDING WITH GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) AND ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHS)

Fatma ESEN — 2026-07-16

Sustainable land use can be achieved by detecting the temporal change over which the current land use properties have been experienced. The CORINE system is one of the most commonly used methods for determining land use properties. In this study, the land use properties of Bingöl Province were analyzed according to the CORINE (2000-2012) system and the possibilities of sustainable land use for the province were determined. In Bingol Province, the most common land use class is natural meadow areas on the third level. The most striking change has been between continuous urban class and discontinuous urban class on the province. One of the most important problems on the province, which has entered a rapid development process in recent years, is the wrong land use. When assessed in terms of geographical potential, provincial lands have the most favorable physical conditions for animal production, then forest-based production and at least vegetable production.

RIGHT OF PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OF THE WORK

Derviş ERGUN — 2026-07-16

When artisticand public relations are taken into consideration, it is obvious that the interrelated meanings of concepts such as publicness, public area or public opinion need to be explained. Over coming public area and publicness problems in the society is considered as principles of judicial system and democracy which organize actions such as; seeking a social and political right, ability to discuss, being a power balance, being able to take different actions during joy and sorrow, etc.The culture of coexistence and the principle of sustainability that the society has developed in the course of the history has created a balance called public opinion. This unorganized refereeing system is beyond controlling only restricted areas as public areas, and the regulations.The field that the public audits covers thewhole life. The artwork to be placed in open or enclosed spaces is expected to form a social connection with the public in the name of publicness. The work bearing the value of publicness can be a heroic epic, a lovestory, a sad annihilation, or simply an abstract narrative. The existence and the absence of these works can not be in the hands of a politiicianor an authority. This decision is rather up to the society.

POETIC UTTERANCE OF THE NAMES OF BADR COMMUNİTY

Fatih Ramazan SÜER — 2026-07-16

Bedir is the name of the place which located about 160 kilometers southwest of Medina between Medina and Mecca and 30 kilometers from the coast of the Red Sea. Being carried out the first war with the polytheists under the leadership of Prophet Muhammad here in 624, increased the value of the name “Bedir”. The victory result of the of the Muslims who were weak in numbers and equipment in this war which occurred in the month of Ramadan and the second year of Hijra, increased the importance of Bedir. This glorious war which proves that absolute victory of Islam has taken place not only in history books but also literary works. In this way, masnavis and leaflets were written both about the importance of the Badr War in Islamic history as well as describing the names / virtues of the participated in this battle. One of these works is the masnavi of Shakir which includes the names of Badr community. In his book, the poet talked about 464 Companions who were well-known or disputed as Badrî. Shakir Efendi

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF CHILD LABOR IN VAN CITY

Rıdvan ERDOĞAN, Numan ERTAŞ — 2026-07-16

“Child workers” which has been appeared with Industrial Revolution at the end of 18th century and at the beginning of 19th century is considered also as a global issue. Developing the technology with globalization, elimination of borders between countries, the start of a new era, such as information and communication became a reason of

HOLIDAY FOR FINANCIAL PLAN AND APPLICATIONS

Neslihan ONUR — 2026-07-16

Nowadays social and financial tourism is an important tourism activity. In ad-dition, tourism activity is important as a consumption activity. However, it is necessary for the i

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN KAN-KAPCHIKAY SAGA AND OTHER SAGAS

Ahmet ŞAFAK — 2026-07-16

Although it is similar to other traditional Turkish epics in terms of Kan-Kapçıkay epic structure, there are differences in terms of content with other epics. Unlike other Turkish epics of Kan-Kapçıkay Destiny, which is different from the primary type heroes used in Turkish epics, it is not a hero type fighting for the people but it is separated from other epics as it is an epic sub-ject of own personal struggle. The characteristics of heroes and heroes seen in other epics (extraordinary birth, rapid growth, different from other children, proving oneself and getting a name, leading the people, winning wars, etc.) are not seen in this destiny. Kan-Kapchıkay, the epic hero, emerges as a grown-up person. Although the Kan-Kapchıkay epic hero is different from other epic heroes, the motifs used in the destiny are similar to the motifs in traditional Turkish epics (animal motif, magic motif, naming motif, etc.).

“ISLAMLASHMAQ” TERM IN SAID HALIM PASHA

Celal EMANET — 2026-07-16

XVIII. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu yönetim, eğitim, askeri ve nihayetinde de politik alanlarda reformlar uygulayan ilk Müslüman devlet-tir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin son yüz yılında yaşamış pek çok reformist düşünce adamı vardır ki; onlar meşrutiyet döneminin hazırlayıcıları ve Osmanlı sonrası reformistlerinin ilk jeneresyonudur. Osmanlı Devleti son dönem sadrazam-larından, II. Meşrutiyet döneminde (1908-1920) İslamcılık fikrini temsil eden ve bu fikirlerini açık bir şekilde savunan Said Halim Paşa görüşleri ile dikkat çeken bir devlet adamıdır. Said Halim Paşa kaleme aldığı ‘İslamlaşmak’ adlı meşhur eserinde unutulan İslam öncesi ve kendilerine miras bırakılan şeyleri onları nasıl arındırdığını hatırlatarak Müslümanların topyekun olarak İslam-laşmasını öngörmektedir. Bu çalışmada İslamlaşmak bağlamında Said Halim Paşa’nın politik fikirleri tartışılmaktadır.

THE CORPORATE IMAGE PERCEPTION OF INTERNAL STAKEHOLDER: IN THE SAMPLE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

Salih GÜRBÜZ — 2026-07-16

Corporate image which is a differentiation indicator is important for institutions of non-profit, institutions of profit oriented and public enterprises. In this sense, corporate images of ministries which do community service are important with regard to public opinion. As Ministry of Education is one of the most important ministries of our country, in this study it was aimed to determine the corporate image of Ministry of Education in the eyes of the teachers who works in central districts of Konya. The data of this study have been obtained with the survey forms which were addressed to 627 i

A RESEARCH ON APPLICABILITY OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHODS ON GENDARMERIE SERVICES IN THE PERSPEC-TIVE OF NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

Haydar PEKDOĞAN — 2026-07-16

Homeland security services have vital importance on formation of demilitarized society in new public management process, and performance management is one of the most important components of this process. In general, performance management at public organizations closely related with effectively using of public sources, transparency and accountability. In this research, it was aimed to evaluate applicability of performance measuring methods with gendarmerie organization which consist an important part of homeland security services. In the research, 36 managers working at Ağrı, Ankara and İstanbul Gendarmerie organizations in 2015 were asked for opinions on performance evaluation methods and their conformation levels were examined. According to results of the study, it was found that it is more suitable to measure performance in gendarmerie as vocational and non-vocational performances. Critic events method and 360 degree performance management were the most suitable methods for vocational performance evaluation, whereas behavior focused performance evaluation methods were more applicable for measuring non-vocational performance.

THE EFFECT OF PEER INSTRUCTION METHOD ON THE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SUCCESS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE

Özgür YEŞİLOĞLU, Sibel KARACA , Önder ŞİMŞEK — 2026-07-16

The aim of the study is to test the effect of the Peer Instruction Method on secondary school students’ success in science and technology course. In the study pre-experimental design was used. The students of one of the 6th grade classes from Erzurum Sabancı Secondary School were given a concept test as a pretest first and then as a posttest after application. Consisting of 27–item questions, the concept test in the application is a valid and reliable one which was first tested by Ionnides and Vasnidou (1978). According to SPSS-16 program, it was seen that Peer Instuction Method led to a significant increase in the level of learning the science concepts for the 6th grade students. Additionally, the researcher asked for the teacher’s opinions who joined classes as an observer during the application. By the help of teacher's views, qualitative data that support and explain quantitative data were obtained.

CURRENT APPROACHES ON THE CITY AND PHILOSOPHY RELATIONSHIP IN THE MEDIEVAL

Merve GÜVEN — 2026-07-16

The city is the most important physical structure that makes connections between people and society. Thus, the city and social dynamics are intrinsic to the present from day to day. The purpose of the study is to explain the relationship between city and philosophy in the Middle Ages and to show how today's relationship can be evaluated. It also aims to examine the study area. This proposal deals with philosophical approaches to begin social life in the Middle Ages. Later in the Middle Ages, it was tried to find out how the cities and architects shaped these philosophical approaches. The study is a qualitative study. Collected and interpreted by literature survey method. As a result, a critical approach to modern philosophy, social life, city and architectural structures has been introduced through the medieval example.

IN TERMS OF METHOD, TECHNIQUE AND MATERIAL USED IN HIGH SCHOOL DKAB COURSES

Nurullah AYDENİZ — 2026-07-16

With the 2000s, the curriculums in the Turkish education system have been renewed and approaches such as constructivism, student centeredness, and multiple intelligence have been emphasized.Undoubtedly this fundamental change is most concerned with methods and techniques.To what extent does such a change in high school DKAB courses in practice involve such changes?Is the learning-teaching process of the DKAB courses shaped by the principles set in the program?By using qualitative research method to look for an answer to this question, observations were made in five different high schools with different levels of achievement, and interviews were made with both the teachers of the DKAB course and the 10 students selected from the observation classes.The study concluded that, except for Girls' Vocational High School, the DKAB courses have been taught with a teacher-centered approach based on the method of expression.On the other hand, even if the students find the theoretically positive, they do not want a student-centered method because of necessity of taking responsibility.

EXPERIENCE OF TIME BANKING IN TURKEY IN THE CONTEXT OF GIFT ECONOMY: ZUMBARA CASE

Fırat Botan ŞAN, Yavuz ÇİFTCİ — 2026-07-16

In this study, Zumbara (connotation for time and moneybox), which operates as a time bank in Turkey, is discussed in the context of gift economy and its subcomponents social, cultural and symbolic capital. There are approximately 40,000 members of this system from Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It has been operating since 2009 and is carrying out service exchange with time currency instead of paper money. In the study, this time bank was assessed on the basis of reciprocity principle of gift economy and Bourdieu's theory of non-economic capital factors. In the study, we methodically used mixed methods and first applied quantitative analysis to the data obtained from the system of time bank, and then we analyzed the findings in depth by face-to-face interview with three managers of time bank. When we consider these types of capital in the context of Turkey, the border between them is very blurry. However, we have tried to adhere to the definitions in the literature and have discussed cultural capital in the context of education, social capital in terms of activity meetings and geographical framework and symbolic capital in the context of work and graduation qualification. As a result, we have found that the time bank does not operate fully in the context of the gift economy, but the cultural, symbolic and social capital is important for participation in the system.

A RESEARCH ON MUSLIM-FRIENDLY ACCOMMODATION OPERATIONS IN TURKEY

Mehmet BOYRAZ, Asilhan Semih MUTLUÇ , Hatice DİKMEN — 2026-07-16

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of accommodation businesses that focus on direct conservative guests among tourism businesses. This study covers the present potential situation of Muslim-friendly accommodation enterprises in Turkey. Within the scope of the research; according to the number of different parameters for operating in a Muslim-friendly accommodation enterprises (MFAE) in Turkey, according to the region and the location of the city, the scope of products and services they offer, aimed to put forward the classification of the types and distribution characteristics. Due to the lack of official statistics on the researcher's universe, a related keyword pool was established to identify these facilities. Through these words, detailed research was conducted on the internet and 40 different websites have been identified which are including blogs, forums, travel agencies and online sales channels that contain information about the facilities in this concept. Through these web sites, the number of enterprises that have gathered data and are likely to provide Muslim-friendly products and services has been determined as 251. According to findings; It has been determined that there are 209 MFAB in seven geographical regions and 38 different cities of Turkey. While most hotels locally are located in the Aegean region with 61, the largest number of MFAE in the province is in Antalya with 41. 10 of the MFAE are made up of 5 different international hotel chains, while 30 are made up of 12 different national hotel chains. Apart from group and chain hotels, 169 hotels operate independently. Approximately 34% (71) of MFAE serve as seasonal and 66% (138) are fully open for 12 months, majority of MFAE belong to the thermal hotels with 31.58% (66), and resort hotels with 25,38% (53). In MFAE, some services and offered products are common to many facilities, while some Muslim-friendly service offering applications are seen only as unique for the enterprises.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOLGUN ATEŞ (PALE FIRE) AND TUTUNAMAYANLAR

Merve Esra POLAT — 2026-07-16

In the "antinovel", which moves away from the traditional narrative technique and the fiction of the novel, the identification of the reader with the characters is prevented, and it is ensured that it is included in the novel itself, not as a character's guise. Forward and backward time-wise bounces are always made by stream of consciousness in the genre that does not flow chronologically. Thus, the ambiguity level reaches the upper levels in terms of the relation of events as part of both themselves and each other. Vladimir Nabokov's Pale Fire, and Oğuz Atay's Tutunamayanlar are considered typical examples of the antinovel. Two novels are described as “parallel antinovels” because of narrator, the use of stream of consciousness technique, poetry-explanation method, violation of formal rules, closed language games, cross-references and fiction. Tutunamayanlar, which is claimed to be not original because of its later writing and similarities, is an example of a antinovel, so it is not possible to completely detach from its predecessors. From this point of view, two works have been analysed from the viewpoint of comparative literary science. Although Atay uses similar techniques, it is possible to say that he has written an original work by creating a unique synthesis in content and formatting as a result of the analysis.

APPROACH TO TOURISM IN RURAL DEVELOPEMENT PROGRAMS: THE CASE STUDY OF BASILICATA REGION, ITALY

Merve BAŞ — 2026-07-16

Rural tourism is an important factor that improves sustainability and development of the regions. However, it is not easy for every region to make possible sustainable rural tourism activities. In other words the process needs a strategic rural development program. This study examines the Rural Development Program (RDP) approach to tourism through the example of Basilicata region of Italy which has a high level of rural areas and is the third region in line among the regions close to city centres in terms of the highest number of nights spent by the domestic tourists. Particularly, some important components, in accordance with the development process, have been mentioned in terms of rural tourism and components which are related to development of regional tourism intensity. Furthermore, evaluation of the RDP's contribution on the regional development in terms of economic and social aspects and its requirements were examined in the study through the related statistics and literature review.

A SUGGESTION FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF THE BEAR-HUMAN CONFLICT WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: BEAR OBSERVATION

Çağdaş TURAN, Serap ÖZDEMİR GÜZEL — 2026-07-16

The concept of sustainability can be defined as the shortest way "leave a livable world for future generations”, especially has come to an important issue for the tourism industry due to the negative impact caused by mass tourism. With this concept has increased to the demand of tourism types which are related nature such as nature tourism/ ecotourism, so tourism products and destinations are

LOGICAL THINKING AS A KIND OF THINKING

Dilek BAŞERER — 2026-07-16

Thinking is a personality and a feature that distinguishes it from animals. Having this feature also brings with it responsibilities. Because it is important how to use it because thinking does not happen in the same way. Thinking happens rightly and wrongly. In such a case, correct and incorrect thinking must be separated. The cause is always to achieve what is better and what is happening. When it is mentioned without thinking correctly, logic will inevitably go into business. Because logic is a tool of right thinking and a field that directs people to think logically. Thinking logically is important in terms of getting accurate results, getting clearer and more accurate information. For this reason, a kind of thinking called logical thinking is manifesting itself. What kind of thinking is this logically called? This question forms the basis and problem of the study. Because knowing what logical thinking is about will give you information on how to use it. This is why the reason for studying logical reasoning as a kind of thinking will be revealed.

EXAMINATION OF THE SAYINGS OF ATATURK IN SOCIAL STUDIES TEXTBOOKS IN TERMS OF VALUE TRANSMISSION

Aydan USTAOĞLU ÇELİK — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to reveal the importance of the use of the sayings of Atatürk in social studies textbooks and their importance in terms of value transmission. In this study, document analysis was used in the context of qualitative methodology. As documents, social studies textbooks (5th to 7th grades), written by Ministry of Turkish National Education, were explored. Descriptive analysis method was preferred. According to results, although the sayings of Ataturk were included in the various units of the related textbooks, it was seen that the frequency of sharing the words was not enough. The words that reflect Atatürk's ideas and thoughts have reached the conclusion that they are an important source of value education. In addition, they are found to be in accordance with the values in the social studies curriculum.

HALAL INDUSTRY GLOBAL APPROACH

Abdulkadir ŞAHİNER, Muhammed Yusuf ÇAĞLAR , Mehmet DEMİRCİ , Bilal ÇAKIR — 2026-07-16

Halal industry which is developing in our country and the world and improving constantly it's effect on field, has both economic and social benefit potential. In this respect business follows closely the halal industry. In this context, food sector which is an important sector, contribute to the halal industry with the halal food concept. The economic size of the halal industry in the world in 2019 is foreseen to be 3.7 trillion dollars. In this respect, if our country make any direct contribution to halal industry, it will provide significant returns to our country's economy. In this study, we aimed a global approach to the halal industry.

ETHICAL ATTITUDES OF UNDERGRADUATES TOWARDS ENVIRONMENT

Sercan Ayhan SUNGUR — 2026-07-16

This study aims at determining the ethical attitudes of the undergraduates towards environment. The study was conducted over the undergraduates (n: 397) continuing their education at Marmara University in the spring period of 2015-2016. The data of participants has been collected by means of “Environment Ethics Scale”. The scale consists of “Anthropocentrism”, “Godcentrism”, “Envirocentrism”, “Egocentrism” and “Deep Ecologist” environmental sub-dimensions and Quintette Likert type 24 Articles in total. The Cronbach Alpha value of the scale is 0,76. The important result of the study is that gender is not a statistically significant variable on environmental attitude (p=0,535), and there is a significant difference among classes (p<0,001). Examining the condition of which class or classes gives or give rise to difference, it has been determined that there is statistical significance among all classes. The value p for all probable binary comparisons for all groups has been found to be <0,001. Namely, the lowest environmental ethic attitude is in the 1st grades, then in 2nd grades, then in 3rd grades and the highest one is in the 4th grades. As the level of education increases, it becomes evident that the environmental ethic attitudes increase in the positive way.

TURKISH AND TURKISH CULTURE TEACHERS' VIEVS ABOUT TURKISH AND TURKISH CULTURE LESSONS ABROAD

Bayram ARICİ, H.Ahmet KIRKKILIÇ — 2026-07-16

This research was conducted by the Ministry of National Education in the Federal Republic of Germany in the academic year of 2016-2017 in order to determine the problems related to the duties of the teachers sent to teach Turkish to Turkish children living abroad and to find solutions to these problems. In the study, fifty teacher semi-structured interview forms were applied in various provinces of Germany. Teachers' expressions were solved by qualitative data analysis methods through content analysis and open coding. The data were coded by the investigator and the consistency coefficient of the codes was calculated. The reliability coefficients of the four questions following the four questions including teachers' professional and personal characteristics were 65% for the fifth question, 64.10% for the sixth question, 80% for the seventh question, and 85.20% for the eighth question. In the study, Turkish and Turkish Culture textbooks were not prepared in accordance with the levels of the students abroad, the course materials and the hours were inadequate, and the students and parents were unconcerned about the classes.

WEIGHTING ACCORDING TO THE ENTROPY METHOD IN COMBINATION OF THE MAUT METHOD

Loubna LAHSİNİ — 2026-07-16

Mathematical programming faced a difficult problem at the point of building a satisfactory economic function to accurately model the decision maker's preferences. The operational researcher led to the weighting of the criteria as a total or as a restriction of some. In order to understand this eco-mathematical concept in a more complex framework using mathematical programs and models, in this work, Özlem KONUŞKAN and Özer UYGUN have been selected to explain an example of the "VERY QUALITY DECISION METHOD AND APPROACH" discussed earlier. In this exercise, we will see a combination of the MAUT (Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) and Entropy methods used to select smartphones. This choice was made in consideration of seven qualitative features.

INVESTIGATION ON THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TURKISH FOLK MUSIC ACCORDING TO THE GEOGRAPHICAL REGION IN TURKEY

Türker EROĞLU — 2026-07-16

In the “Introduction” section of the study, the relation between “Man and Music” was mentioned, and the method of the study was expressed. In the first section of the study, Turkish music was investigated in terms of its structure and general characteristics. Especially, the idea of considering Turkish music as a whole was argued, and its fundamental differences in comparison with Western music were explained. In the second section of the study , “Manner” and “Mode” topics in Turkish folk music were expressed, and besides “Local Sounds” topic was explained. In the third section of the study, Turkish folk music in seven geographical regions in Turkey were investigated, and the tune and rhythm characteristics of folk music in these regions were explained . In the conclusion section of the study, considering that it is not very right to distinguish Turkish music by genres,and Turkish classical music is rather city-borne music,folk music exists in both cities and countrysides; the investigations were suggested necessarily to be performed in compliance with this approach. Besides, it is not right to classify ballads by provinces in Turkey , which was pleaded considering that cultural elements know no political or administrative bounds. It is reported in the study that although some inter-regional differences appear; when examined carefully every genre is seen in almost every region.

THE PHONOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ERZINCAN’S REFAHİYE DISTRICT

Metin YURTBAŞI — 2026-07-16

The township Refahiye is a district of the eastern Turkish province of Erzin-can located in the juncture of Central and Eastern Turkey. Refahiye has gone through many historical changes throughout centuries that have affected its local dialect somewhat distinct from standard Turkish which bears similar fea-tures close to those areas around Refahiye. This article presents first the geog-raphical and historical characteristics of the region as a start, and deals mainly with phonological and morphological aspects of the local dialect featuring ty-pical deviations from the generally acceptable norms. The article first analyzes the phonological features of the local dialect classifying the vowel and conso-nant changes from the Standard norms providing many examples under rele-vant headings. The second part deals with the morphological line, i.e. the structural and inflectional suffixes and other aspects of the Turkish word for-mation based on the local materials. A long list of authentic words is provided with meanings in standard Turkish along with their example sentences showing their use in context. A sampling of local speech in traditional Turkish transliteration has been provided along with their IPA transcription as a propo-sal for further studies in this field in a bid to internationalize the Turkish dia-lect notation.

Hüsn-ü Dil

Habib DERZİNEVESİ — 2026-07-16

CALIGRAPHIC EFFECTS IN LYRIC ABSRACTION AND FAR EAST ART

Yıldız ERSAĞDIÇ — 2026-07-16

The 20th century came with great promise to humanity, and as a result of making hope-mongering under the head of “development-change” ust self-negation, it could give a big fiasko as a gift, such as; Capitalist market struggle, the fragmented tradition, rapidly disappearing consumer society,commodity fetishism, social memory and lost of personality, Ethnic and national wars\ conflicts which activate with identity seek, economic and social crisis, the historical crisis of the two world wars and the loss of innocence… All of these are wailful balance-sheets which presented to the 20.th century man. The arts surrounded by these influences on one hand , rewiev the language that it use on the other hand , with strip off form searching method for hold intuition dear. The artist has lost his faith to the west and Western cultures, which have rapidly become extinct with numerous classifications,