https://asosjournal.com/?mod=sayi_detay&sayi_id=689 The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi en 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33274 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33274 Mustafa SÖZEN The construction of sound in cinema has to have an aesthetic integrity with the images, built through a vast web of relations. The phenomenon of sound as a form is both influential on the meaning of cinematic narratives, and it has a central role on the cognitive/emotional experiences of the viewer. The reason is that, fields of direct or indirect interaction created by images and sounds with different ontological characteristics impacts power relations on a phenomenological level. Dynamic and interactive experiences brought by the modes of expression created by audio-visual synergy become more and more important everyday in the cinematic language. Until the 1970s, discussions on sound in cinema were mostly made under the dominance of a visual-based paradigm.The importance of the dramaturgic role of sound in cinematic narrative begant o be discussed in the academic circles in the recent years. This article discusses the 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33277 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33277 Ayfer YILMAZ Beside having autobiographical features; Hailde Edip Adıvar’s novel Handan, published in 1912, also shows a young woman’s psychological and sociological position. Halide Edip questionizes marriage, love, woman-man relations in her works; Seviye Talip (1910), Handan (1912) ve Son Eseri (1913). Ayşe Kulin’s novel Handan, published in 2014, is the last book in author’s serial which had started with Gizli Anların Yolcusu in 2011. It could be easily seen that Kulin has been inspired from Adıvar when writing Handan. In the same time author, have two Handan faces each other, and with this comparison, puts forward that there has been no progress in woman’s social position, despite a century in woman issue. In this work, woman, love and marrige issues are gonig to be examined in two author’s same named novels and the connection between these two works be revealed. 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33268 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33268 Mehmet Serkan UMUZDAŞ, Serpil UMUZDAŞ , Hakan BAŞ The objective of this study is to examine the level of burnout of the primary education music teachers working in Tokat, Turkey according to different variables in a relational manner. Maslach Burnout Inventory was used for data collection. Data were obtained between 20 March and 2 April 2015. The data comprises statements which aim to make an evaluation regarding demographic information such as age, sex, marital status, educational background, professional time and level of burnout in music teachers. In the study, inventory was distributed to 60 voluntary music teachers working in primary education schools and feedback was obtained from all of them. Through the data obtained, levels of burnout in teachers were examined with different variables in a relational manner. The results of this research show that, married teachers are emotionally exhausted and undergraduate music teachers are much more desensitized compared to the postgraduate music teachers. Moreover, they stated that the 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33278 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33278 Eda YAŞA ÖZELTÜRKAY, Elif ŞAHİNDAL Family owned companies provide largest contribution to the economies of the countries’ A general trend in the business management of the family business should be left to the next generation if all the children demonstrated a clear structure in attitudes towards girls and boys are noticeable the differences. Companies operating in the province of Adana in an act not only prepared to reveal the working girls' profiles as a shareholder. In this study semi-structured interview form was used to gather the data The interviews were completed with 19 employees who live in Adana. It was observed that most girls have princess syndrome. According to the results of the study, more than half of the participants have started to work in the company with its own decisions, and they have experience in other firms before starting to their private business. 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33276 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33276 Fatma SADIK, İbrahim ŞAFAK The aim of this study is to compare, that examining the high school students and teachers’ attitudes towards universal values based on different variables. This study is a descriptive research, which 1365 students and 313 teachers participated on a voluntary basis from 14 high schools in the İskenderun district of Hatay. Research data collected with “the attitude scale relating to universal values” developed by Demir & Koç (2009) and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. According to the results of research, attitudes related to the universal values of high school students and teachers have been positive at a very high level. The attitudes towards the universal values based on “gender”; women teachers and girl students found to be more positive. As the obtained results, the teachers’ whose student number was more, the students’ whose perception of academic achievement level was medium and high, and the students’ whose fathers graduated from elementary, middle and high sc 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33286 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33286 Jale DENİZ The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of cooperative learning on teaching six hands piano piece. The research was designed as an action research so the researcher (at the same time tutor of the study) also wanted to discover the operational phases of cooperative learning on this specific performance goal and the opinions of participant students all over their learning experiences. The study group consisted of 3 students (prospective music teachers) from Marmara University. The major results of the research are: Cooperative learning, (1) has a positive effect on students’ academic achievement on performing six hands piano piece (2) has a positive effect on student motivations towards the lessons and academic achievement (3) has a positive effect on the development of the social interactions/skills among students (4) occurs a positive interdependence through the shared goal (5) promotes constructive peer criticism among students for the development of the 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33267 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33267 Derya UZUN AYDIN By the period of westernization, Otoman empire has become ready for a few changes in art life as well. After that, arts such as art, architecture, sculpture, or music has become known by western. However, considering Islamic beliefs, “nude” sculptures has always been one of problematic events. With the republic, this attitude has begun to de-escalate, but afterwards developments in sculpture has continued rapidly. Following these developments, unique works has been observed in sculpture or nude sculpture. However, this fact should be noted that, the difficulties that sculpture face in the contemperary turkish art has not finished, has failed to finish. It is argumentative whether such a viewpoint to sculpture, caused by political and ideological factors or religious reservations. This process is such an important issue that constitutes a separate research topic. 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33284 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33284 Hatice VATANSEVER BAYRAKTAR, M. Cihangir DOĞAN This study is researched if there is a correlation between children’s communication with their mother and father and their speaing skills at Turkish lesson. The study was conducted on 469 fifth grades students who study Bakırköy, Bahçelievler and Bağcılar districts at İstanbul. As data collection tool are used “Child and Mother Communication Evaluating Scale”, “Child and Father Comminication Evaluating Scale” and “Speaking Skilss Evaluating Scale” which are prepared and made validity and reliability by researcher. Datas analysed with SPSS programme. Results of study can be summarized as follow: There is a weak positive relationship between communication level with mother and speaking skills. There is a weak negative relationship between communication level with father and speaking skills. Girl’s speaking skill marks are higer than boys. The general average of communication between students with mother and father appear to be relatively high level. 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33281 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33281 Ercan ŞAHBUDAK, Meral ÖZTÜRK Psychological harassment (mobbing) in the workplace is one of common problems in contemporary work life. Employees working in educational sector frequently experience psychological harassment. Also there is a considerable body of work in the literature that revealing high level of mobbing in universities which have important place in educational sector. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of workplace harassment among academicians working in Cumhuriyet University and to investigate the influences of sociodemographic factors (gender, marital status, age, study area and titles) on work place harassment. The study was conducted with 312 participants. The subjects were 172 male and 140 female academicians. SPSS 18. Package program was used to analyze the data obtained in the study. In the analysis of data, frequency and percentage distribution were presented and independent sample t-test and one-way anova analysis were used. Findings show that the prevalence of work 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33291 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33291 Birol BÜYÜKDOĞAN, Bilge AFŞAR , Hasan GEDİK Universities in developing countries such as Turkey, are also known as the factories without chimneys. As it is understood from the expression of the “factory without chimney”, universities bring economic vitality and growth their located cities. In this study the amount of the expenses made by the students of KTO Karatay University which is a private institution to the economy of the city of Konya was examined for the year 2012. A developed questionnaire in this direction was administered to 582 students of the KTO Karatay University. According to the findings, the students monthly budgets were 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33304 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33304 Ahmet ÇETİNKAYA, Ömer Mert DENİZCİ Internet, although considered as a private communication tool in the beginning, has become the center of media convergence as a result of the rapid development of computer technology recently. It has offered a new means of broadcasting through the opportunities it provided. All broadcasting tools with a mass media power have tried to be controlled by both capitalists and the state throughout history. The state tries to regulate the Internet through the regulation laws it introduces today as well. In this study, the international and national internet regulation laws are examined to figure out how effective they are. Sample cases are covered to inspect the problems encountered in the implementation of the laws, and the issue of whether it is a regulation or a censorship. 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33306 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33306 İrşad SAMİ YUCA After the National Struggle, Atatürk and his friends in order to determine the new Turkey's political regime had declared the Republic on 29 October 1923. After this, the country's Kemalist staffs ensure the social cohesion and to strengthen people's feelings against the regime agreed date of October 29 as a national holiday. Since 1925, each year across the country trying to provide wide participation of all sections of society at October 29 celebration was dedicated to the national holiday celebrated in exuberant and joyful way. During single-party period, the CHP also had a visual feast of the republic's ideological and did not hesitate to include in the celebration to political symbol and arguments. The subject of this study, the year in which the most powerful single-party period, an assessment will be made on how to celebrate the Republic Day in troubled and having a different social fabric eastern city Bingol, Bitlis and Mus. 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33299 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33299 Müzeyyen Sevtap AYTUĞ In this article, the social media sharing of professional knowledge in the field of professional makeup are explored. In the past, "trade secret" as defined and experiences, special education has gotten a lot of information with Social Media rapidly spread from the post, how everyone is shared with the share more valuable information and "become" is a study of the process have been tried on the "social media" can produce the information until the agenda, members of the professions, which can be accessed, and it uses it as a privilege and even superiority, has been extremely conservative about sharing. Thus, in many different areas, all with many years of professional secrets, only members of the profession, master apprentice relationship information transfers had to stay confined to professional makeup products promotion and marketing power of social media in both economic and created a large number of people access to the companies has brought the possibility of promotion by installin 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33293 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33293 Mahmut GÜNGÖR, M.Fatih ÖZDEMİR , Fadim AKÇA Every corner of Anatolia has its own unique beauty. Natural beauty converges with historical and cultural beauty in some places. Beypazari, located near Ankara, has a rich and vibrant culture. Consecutively, Hittites, Phrygians, Galatias, Romans, Seljuks and Ottomans have lived in and around Beypazari. It is a district that had fascinated Evliya Chalabi. It has managed to maintain and conserve the cultural heritage and its natural and historical features from past to present. By accommodating many cultures, and endeavoring to preserve concrete and non-concrete cultural heritage, Beypazari is one of the significant cultural tourism centers. Residents of Beypazari are faithful to their national customs. While women wear modern clothing in ordinary days, they wear clothing with silver threads embroidered on velvet and satin fabric for wedding ceremonies. They wear silver thread embroidered handkerchief on their heads and a gold belt on their waists. Academic works carried out until presen 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33265 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33265 Derya KILIÇKAYA Samim Kocagöz published in 1938 by "Second World" novel, draws attention to the letter narrative technique used. Because a large portion of the letter occurred, we called letter-fiction work, monophonic; a letter-novel that one voice is. "İkinci Dünya", the letter writer only dilemma we face as narrator. Also at work, it is also available narrator. This work, and the other letter-most distinctive feature of the novel is the narrator men. Generally, the letter writer in such works; I-narrators are women. "İkinci Dünya" is male narrator is a letter-novel. In our article, we will try to handle this work in the context of the characteristics of the letter-novel. In doing so, we give examples of the letters in the work needed. Thus, Samim Kocagöz this will be introduced many unknown novel. 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33270 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33270 Gönül ONUR SEZER The general purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness, of applications done by adding rewards to lesson plans on increasing rewarding behaviors of teachers and decreasing the inappropriate behaviors of students in the class. Sample of the study is formed of three students from different classes primary schools who show inappropriate behaviors and their teachers who don’t use rewarding enough. In order to collect the data of the study, teacher interview form, social validity form, ABC form and partial gap form were developed and used. Lesson plans involving applications that researchers add rewarding cues to were prepared in order to increase the rewarding behaviors of teachers and decrease the behaviors of students irrelevant to course. After the implementation of prepared plans, researcher gave feedbacks to teachers on the implementation of plans.All teachers within the scope of the study gave a positive statement about implementations done by adding rewarding cues in l 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33301 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33301 Semran CENGİZ This article deals with the relationship between literature and ideology, which have been occupying the agenda of art critics and thinkers for more than two centuries, from Marxist and idealist aesthetics perspectives. Idealists, who deals with literature based on its relationship with the reality, deny the role of ideology in literature and defines literature as a creation process. On the other hand, Marxist approach focus on the relationship between literature and social conscious and defines it as reflection of reality. In addition, some Marxist critics base literature on relationship between productive forces and evaluate it as a field where reality is produced. The author relies on ideology when creating his work and carries reality to the text. That is, as reflection of social conscious, literature is nourished and empowered by the ideology. This, in turn, requires analyzing author-ideology relationship. The author first evaluates the reality, and the carries it to the text via 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33308 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33308 İsmail EGE Monkeys Cave is located that it is Southeastern of Hatay Province and East of City center in the sub region of Adana in the Mediterranean Region. Its coordinate is 36o 12ı 14ıı North and 36o 10ı 38ıı (246204 E and 4010244 N) East on the west side of Habibi Neccar Plateau in the boundary Dağ (Bağrıyanık) Neighborhood. Monkeys Cave elevation is 305 meter from sea level. Cave is occurred in the Okçular Formation which is Eocene era. Its place is a fault surface where it is formed with Antakya-Samandağ grabene faults. Monkey Cave have 452,48 m2 square and 79,1 length from north to south direction. It is naturel cave. Monkey Cave is very rich in terms of karstic landforms (stalactites, stalagmites, pillars and karstic deposition in the bottom of Cave). It has seven part which are a big gallery and an interhall and five galley other side (right) of interhall. Monkey cave is similar as a house which has five rooms, a big hall and an interhall. The Rooms are different to view big and large f 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33269 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33269 Cengiz GÜNEY, Ahmet Vecdi CAN This work’s aim is to determine the qualification of enviromental notifications which is rank among BIST 100 index and 2013 annual activity reports of 39 company that carry out business in the field of “manufacturing industry”. In this work it is employed “content analysis method”. Within this framework, it is acquired 2013 annual reports of companies from Capital Market Board, websites of Public Dislosure Platform (http:www.kap.gov.tr) and companies own websites. The annual activity reports that acquired 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33275 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33275 Hatice DOĞAN SÜDAŞ Consumer socialization is the process that consumers learn skill, attitudes and knowledge about consumption as a result of contact with other consumers in the market. In parallel with the widespread use of social networks, consumption based peer communication on social networks emerges as a new variable of consumer socialization model. In this study, a conceptual model is developed which determines the effects of peer communication via social networks on product and services attitudes and purchase request among adolescents and is given the results obtained from the field work carried out with 491 adolescents aged 15-19 in Adana. Findings discussed from the perspectives of theory. 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33282 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33282 Yeliz YEŞİL, Bülent ARPAT , Nuri ŞAŞMAZ The organizational commitment was studied in so many studies. If organizational commitment increases; employees want more to be the member of the organization and can easily adapt themselves to the organization’s goals. This study is done for measuring medical secretaries’ organizational commitment. 5 Likert Scale Survey is applied for medical secretaries in Denizli. The statistic analyses are prepared by SPSS 16,0. A survey is taken from Güniz BEKREK’ s Ph.DThesis. First part of the study is introduction part; second part is about medical secretary and organizational commitment concepts; third part of the study is about the importance of organizational commitment and fourth part of the study is about the factors that influence organizational commitment; fifth part of the study is about the purpose, method, hypotheses, population, sampling and findings of the study. The last part is about conclusion and evaluation. 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33273 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33273 Sinan ÇAYA Drinks prooved to be more important than foods throughout the history. Miscellaneous potable substances carry socio-cultural imprints, deeply associated with historical roots. A certain drink’s flavor and social significance may vary, depending on the country or the region. On the other hand; alcoholic drinks are extremely hazardous substances which only appear to be attractive, especially to youths in western societies. Chronic alcoholism let alone, even acute forms of drunkhood can easily lead to very sickly situations. 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33303 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33303 Cemal POLAT, Kerem Yıldırım ŞİMŞEK The purpose of this study is to determine the variations of certain i 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33279 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33279 Abdurrahman KIRTEPE, M. Fatih KARAHÜSEYİNOĞLU , Oğuzhan ALTUNGÜL , Atalay GACAR The data survey which is developed for the purpose of the study, starting from the hypothesis that differentiation of football following level of postgraduate students with a high level of education in Turkey, who knows the content of the concept spectator, supporter and fanatic, was applied in the first half of 2013. The study was limited by the Firat University students. 121 students participated in this study. After the obtained data received to the computer, the percentage and frequency distribution generated demographic characteristics are determined by descriptive statistics with the help of the statistics programme. Chi-square analysis of the results for the significance of the relationship in terms of the independent variables were taken into account. As a result; It has been observed that there is a continued decrease as spectator, supporter and fanatic in the gender-axis separation made between the men and women, there is not a gender-axis differentiation. It has been se 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33280 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33280 Serap EKŞİOĞLU The archaic word of French origin Turkish Dictionary is given two meanings: 1. In fine art from before the classical era. 2. Arkaizm-related literature, obsolete (written or artwork).The archaic Word expression in literature;Today it has fallen out of use or contained just mouth the words used in Turkish was used for. In the past, Turkish Divan poetry, archaic aydın clientele words has an important knowledge. Vocabulary of the period in which these texts belong to the help text of Divan poetry and even some grammatical forms can be demonstrated examined in terms of archaic elements. This topic may be inspected in the framework of the Court of Şeyhî, XV. But today's post is living In the century reached the language will contain a portion of the archaic words is important. These are the words Of vocabulary that belongs to the era provides important information. Also these words; era is the community life, cultural riches, traditions-traditions, belief systems and can provide clues abou 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33287 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33287 İlimdar YALÇIN, Atalay GACAR , Emine BAĞCI Decision making is the act of choosing consciously one of the present alternatives in order to obtain the intended result or achieve the determined goals. On the basis of these considerations, we aim to examine the decision making levels of the physical education and sports and sociology department students' in terms of certain variables in our study. Our study has been conducted on 42 final year undergraduate students of Elazig Firat University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching and 37 final year undergraduate students of Kutahya Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sociology Department. It was used a personal information form and the "Melbourne Decision Making Scale" developed by Mann and et.al. (1998) in order to determine the research participant's demographic information such as "age, gender and department of study". The acquired data were evaluated by the SPSS programme and the level of significance is considered as 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33294 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33294 Hayriye BAŞCI NUR, Filiz ERATAŞ , Serkan ÇINAR Post Keynesian economics is actually macroeconomics in a world of uncertainty and endogenous money. Post Keynesians posit that money supply in a market oriented production economy is endogenously determined (rather than exogenous as claimed by Monetarists). The purpose of this study is to estimate money supply equation and to determine endojenity of money supply for the scope of developed countries which is defined as G7. In this context, using annual data an empirical model has been generated by panel data analysis for the period 1980-2014. Firstly, cross-sectionally dependence of the variables were investigated using the LM tests, and then existence of unit root were examined by the first and second generation unit root tests. After the existence of the cointegration relationship between the series proved by using the Westurlund ECM cointegration test panel ARDL was applied. According to the empirical results, for developed countries has found that money supply is endogenous as prop 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33272 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33272 Bilgin GÜNGÖR Gennadiy Nikolayviç Pospelov, from famous literary theorist of 20. century, submit that there are three laws at evoluation of literatures of societes: “Periodic common directions law”, “national specifities law” and “ideational/artistic differences law”. He position “periodic common directions law” as basic law among these; in one sense reconstitute another triple formulation belonging to French literature historist Hippolyte Taine and accordingly prepare more scientific and distinct frame with regard to researching evoluation of literature. In this work, we handle this triple formulation which Pospelov reveal at literature history in terms of theorical and practical; also question whether or not this triple formulation is valid in art history 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33290 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33290 Mustafa Latif EMEK Once the Union of Soviet had got the greatest land of the World. In addition to having the greatest area, The Union Of Soviet was the third most populated country on the earth. Providing for citizens cereals and all other agricultural productions could be realized only by applying a strict and regular land management policy. It is significant for governments developing new agricultural and land management policies. Therefore, states need to search different systems and adopt or integrate them for their political and economic systems. In this study we aimed to acquaint how managed the greatest lands of the World by Union of Soviet. By this way, we believe that our study can be an impression source for academics, bureaucrats, politicians and other relateds for creations of new land management and agriculture systems. 2024-08-29 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33311 https://asosjournal.com/?mod=makale_tr_ozet&makale_id=33311 Emrah AKYÜZ Human beings have been increasingly polluting the nature and the environment day by day. The rapid growth of the world's population in the 20th and 21th century; urban sprawl and the rapid development of the technology and the industry have caused the increase of the environmental issues. The most important reason of the environmental issues is overuse and the careless use of energy sources. In particular, the overuse of fossil fuels (such as petrol and coal) leads to a lot of serious environmental issues including air pollution. The environmental issues paralelly brings plenty of social, economic and i 2024-08-29