The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2026 Issue 173

AN EXAMINATION OF THE QUR’ĀNIC READİNGS ATTRIBUTED TO ABŪ ʿUBAYD QĀSİM B. SALLĀM IN ḤUZĀʿĪ’S AL-MUNTAHĀ

Nesrişah SAYLANİlyas GÜL ,Ahmet KILIÇ — 2026-07-16

Abū ʿUbayd Qāsim b. Sallām is one of the early Islamic scholars distinguished in numerous fields such as the Qurʾān, ḥadīth, qirāʾāt, ʿaqāʾid, naḥw and history. His views and preferences in the field of qirāʾāt possess an independent value within the body of Islamic scholarly heritage. The aim of this study is to examine Abū ʿUbayd’s approach to the differences among qirāʾāt with particular reference to al-Khuzāʿī’s work al-Muntahā, to determine his understanding of qirāʾah, and to reveal its influence on the development of qirāʾāt studies in subsequent periods. The research indicates that although Abū ʿUbayd’s qirāʾah is not included in Ibn Mujāhid’s classification of the qirāʾāt al-sabʿah or in Ibn al-Jazarī’s system of the al-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, many of his readings show significant similarities with them. In this context, classical sources belonging to the literature of ʿilm al-qirāʾāt and ṭabaqāt have been systematically analyzed. The originality of this study lies in its presentation of an academic investigation into Abū ʿUbayd’s qirāʾah, which has not previously been undertaken. Although numerous studies exist on Abū ʿUbayd concerning the Qurʾān, ḥadīth, fiqh, ʿaqāʾid, and naḥw, there has been no independent research specifically focusing on his choices in qirāʾah. This gap renders the present study significant both from scholarly and historical perspectives. As a result of the research, it has been determined that Abū ʿUbayd’s qirāʾah largely corresponds to the readings of the ten reciters known as the qurrāʾ al-ʿasharah. Furthermore, it has been concluded that he developed a systematic methodology in his scholarly approach to qirāʾah, which influenced later understandings of qirāʾāt. These findings provide an original contribution to the literature concerning the formative period of ʿilm al-qirāʾāt and the historical development of qirāʾah methodologies.

EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL FIELD TRIPS IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STUDIES IN HISTORY EDUCATION

Servet HALİMehmet Bünyamin YAVUZ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to examine the educational role of historical field trips in the context of social studies lessons and their contributions to learning processes. History education is a fundamental component of social studies teaching, enabling individuals to make sense of the past, interpret historical events and phenomena, and develop critical thinking skills. In this process, historical field trips stand out as an effective teaching method that strengthens students' historical awareness by allowing them to examine historical places and events in their original, concrete contexts. Historical field trips contribute to the understanding of abstract information by enabling students to directly experience historical knowledge and support active participation in the learning process. In this respect, these trips allow students to deepen their historical perceptions and achieve lasting learning. In the research, data obtained within the scope of historical field trips were systematically examined using content analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. Content analysis allows for the organization of data within a thematic framework, enabling the revelation of students' learning processes and levels of historical awareness. The study also addresses how to develop original activity designs for history education and social studies teaching. The educational dimension and contributions to learning of historical field trips have been evaluated within the context of applied history and social studies teaching; national and international research conducted within this conceptual framework has been examined through a comprehensive literature review.

TEACHERS’ OPINIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LISTENING SKILLS SCALES IN TURKISH LESSON

Selcen ÇİFCİFadime GÜNEY — 2026-07-16

This study aims to reveal the opinions of Turkish teachers regarding the scales used in the listening skills exam of the Turkish course. The study is a qualitative research and is a descriptive study using semi-structured and content analysis methods. The data of the research were obtained from the answers given to the Google survey questions regarding the listening scales used by 122 Turkish teachers who are working in the 2023-2024 academic year. It was found that 80% of the Turkish teachers included in the study used scales in the listening exam. In their responses about how they obtained the scales they used, it was observed that they preferred to use scales downloaded from the internet (50%) and scales developed together with their colleagues at their school (25%). While 52% of the Turkish teachers preferred to use the same scale as the subject teachers in their schools, 43% of the teachers used individual scales. When obtaining the listening text, the internet has a share of 47%, while deciding as a group is 25%, and the textbook is 23%.

MUSIC EDUCATORS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE CHORAL PERFORMANCE OF TURKİSH MUSIC WORKS

Dilek ÖZÇELİK HERDEMSüeda YAVUZ — 2026-07-16

The main objective of this research is to present different perspectives on how music education students can perform Turkish Folk Music and Turkish Classical Music works more accurately and effectively in choir lessons, and to propose suggestions that can contribute to the educational process in this field. The study group was determined according to the criterion sampling method and consists of seven expert educators working in the Music Education Department of Fine Arts Education in Ankara, Trabzon, Tokat, and Giresun provinces, who teach Turkish Folk Music and Turkish Classical Music courses. The research is a case study conducted using the semi-structured interview technique, one of the qualitative research methods, and the study examines the opinions and suggestions of the educators regarding the choir lessons in question. The situations encountered by the educators in the teaching process and their experiences in this field were examined. In the interview questions, the topics of method, mode, theory, and repertoire related to choir lessons were focused on. The obtained data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method, and themes were identified. Educators have emphasized that knowledge of makam (modal), usul (rhythmic meter), and sülüs (style) is crucial for quality choral training in the vocal performance of Turkish musical works. In this context, the problems encountered by educators in Turkish music choir lessons, their pedagogical approaches to performing the Turkish music repertoire, and their suggestions regarding the choir lesson process are presented. The research is considered important because it offers suggestions for more accurate and effective choral performances of Turkish musical works.

THE PROPHET'S PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNANCE AS DESCRIBED IN THE QURAN

Mehmet AKINSerap YEŞİLYURT — 2026-07-16

Throughout history, the form of governance has played a central role in establishing social order and ensuring healthy interpersonal relationships. The universal principles offered by the Quran, which serves as a guide for life, must be examined from this perspective. This study aims to establish the theoretical framework of the governance principles found in the Quran, to reveal their impact on the Prophet Muhammad's understanding of governance, and to build a bridge between modern governance theories and the Quranic concept of leadership. The governance approach of the Prophet Muhammad, the first implementer of the Quran, makes it possible to consider its administrative and human dimensions holistically. Accordingly, governance from a Quranic perspective will be considered not only as a means of maintaining social order, but also as a necessary concept for the construction of human values and the manifestation of divine will. Examining the Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) understanding of governance from both a historical and conceptual perspective is of great importance in evaluating how his leadership qualities can serve as a universal example in today's world. In the modern world, where social, religious, and cultural diversity has significantly increased, the Prophet Muhammad's approach to governance, based on tolerance, justice, consultation, and peace, offers a perspective that is not limited to his own time but also provides guidance when compared with contemporary leadership models. In this context, evaluating his understanding of governance both within its historical context and in light of today's governance needs is meaningful and necessary. This research aims to discuss how governance can be reinterpreted in an inclusive way at both individual and societal levels by comparing the Quranic understanding of governance with modern governance principles.

SOCIAL CHANGE IN TURKEY AND POLITICAL POSTER DESIGNS: THE EXAMPLE OF DISK

İlter ALKAN — 2026-07-16

The design, which is defined as a human talent, points to the history of civilization. The design shaped in the capitalist economic system depending on today's relations of production also determines economic and social systems. While environmental factors shape human awareness in itself, the design of the messages produced for this purpose can also be carried out in many different ways. In this study, poster designs, which are one of the study areas reflecting the social change processes observed in the economic and social plane, are investigated and the investigation of discourses produced in the trade union struggle is aimed. Trade unions are non governmental organizations that protect workers' labor democratically and economically and carry their rights struggle to an organized basis. Trade unions in Turkey have undergone radical changes in political and economic aspects from the 1960s to the present day. These changes can also be observed through the political visual design products produced by these organized structures. Poster designs are visual design products that include ideological structures in maintaining, spreading and providing continuity of ideologies such as marketing, informing, persuasion, orientation and they directly affect the society. The aim of the discussion on the May 1 posters produced by the trade unions is to create a critical perspective on the design of posters and to determine in academic background. In line with this aim, the aim of the study is to adopt poster designs as an ideological structure like every field where design activity continues. DİSK's May 1 posters constituted the sample of the study in consideration of post 1960 political and social change in Turkey. With the examination of the posters, it is aimed to understand how the working class struggle in the context of trade union struggle in Turkey has undergone a process of change in theoretical and practical fields. In determining the research universe, it was observed that DİSK was active in all periods of social and class movements in Turkey that started to rise after 1960. May 1 posters produced by DİSK after 1976, which were discussed in the sample, were examined together with social semiotics and semiotic analysis.

AUDIATION DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SINGING: THE EFFECTS OF THE KODÁLY APPROACH ON MUSICAL PERCEPTION IN CHILDHOOD

Cemalettin BAYDAĞ — 2026-07-16

This study examines the effects of the music education approach developed by Hungarian composer and music educator Zoltán Kodály in the 20th century on the development of musical hearing and perception in childhood. Kodály believed that music should be an art form accessible to everyone and, with this understanding, developed a unique music education approach based on singing. The principle that "the voice is the first musical instrument" at the heart of his method aims to make music education a universal right by highlighting every child's innate vocal capacity. The research examines how Kodály's singing-centered approach develops children's musical-auditory skills and aesthetic sensitivities. In particular, using folk music repertoire as a musical mother tongue allows children to establish a meaningful connection with their cultural roots. Furthermore, choosing pentatonik structures appropriate to their developmental levels supports children's early success experiences and increases their confidence in music. The solmization system, hand signals, and rhythm syllables used in the method allow children to experience musical concepts visually, auditorily, and physically. This multisensory learning process, combined with a child-centered, play-based approach, supports the systematic development of musical literacy and auditory skills. This descriptive study examines the philosophical foundations and fundamental principles of the Kodály approach through a review of national and international literature, and the findings are evaluated in the context of the development of musical perception and hearing in childhood. Furthermore, based on the importance of the human voice as a primary means of musical expression and the guiding role of folk songs in the educational process, a vocal-based preparation phase is recommended before beginning instrumental training. Having students first perform the pieces they will play, then internalize the melodic structure, and finally transfer it to the instrument is presented as an effective method that contributes to supporting musical development through a holistic approach. In conclusion, the Kodály approach, with its gradual and sequential learning principle, holds significant value in terms of long-term educational outcomes.

AN EXAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDE LEVELS BY GENDER: A META-ANALYSIS STUDY

Adem UZUN — 2026-07-16

Environmental attitude is the level at which an individual interprets their relationship with nature. This study, which aims to reveal the magnitude of the effect of the gender variable on environmental attitude by synthesizing the statistical results of studies conducted on environmental attitude in Turkey, utilized the meta-analysis method. ERIC, TR Index, and National Thesis Centre were selected as databases, and environmental attitude as keyword for the literature review. Accordingly, 1,790 studies conducted between 2000 and 2025 were examined. Subsequently, seventy-nine studies were included in the research according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample size, publication year, and group variables of the study process were systematically coded. The data analysis in the study was performed using the Jamovi program and the “meta” package in the R program. The effect sizes were calculated using the standardized mean difference method (Hedges' g), and Knapp and Hartung adjustments were also applied to account for methodological differences. The results obtained in the study revealed that the women's environmental attitudes were higher than those of men. In subgroup analyses, it was observed that as the level of education increased, the higher effect sizes were seen in favour of women. On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were found for the variables of sample size and year of publication.

İNGİLİZCE THE ANALYSIS OF THE 2ND-GRADE OUTCOMES IN THE MEB 2025 ENGLİSH LANGUAGE TEACHING PROGRAM ACCORDING TO PIAGET'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY

Şenay YAPICIOnur Berkay YAPICI — 2026-07-16

This study analyzes the 2nd-grade outcomes of the Ministry of National Education's (MoNE) 2025 English Language Teaching Program in light of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory. Children aged 7-8 are in the transition to Piaget's Concrete Operational stage, capable of classification, seriation, and conservation through concrete objects, but limited in abstract concepts. Employing a qualitative approach with document analysis, the research examines 162 outcomes across 6 themes (School Life, Classroom Life, Personal Life, Family Life, Homes & Houses & Neighbourhoods, Life in the City & The World) via thematic analysis. Findings reveal high alignment with cognitive development, supported by concrete themes, audiovisual aids, and game-based activities. The emphasis on listening and speaking skills minimizes cognitive load, while fostering classification and seriation operations. The program's holistic approach promotes egocentrism reduction and social interaction; however, implementation depends on teacher competence. Strengths include outcome depth and 21st-century skills integration, whereas weaknesses involve potential cognitive overload from abstract expressions. Recommendations include enhancing teacher training and classroom observations. This analysis contributes to the literature by improving the cognitive alignment of early foreign language curricula.

FROM THEORY TO ACTION: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE DADA MANIFESTO INTO BODILY ACTION

Naciye BOZDOĞAN AKBAŞ — 2026-07-16

Throughout history, many literary forms have emerged for the proclamation of beliefs, purposes, plans, ideas, or aesthetic attitudes. One of these literary forms, the manifesto, has been the most effective means of expression, particularly in periods when humanity has been materially and spiritually shaken by wars, revolutions, economic crises, and technological developments. In the twentieth century, which is regarded as the age of manifestos, this form was used not only as a declaration of theoretical thought but also as an action-oriented literary genre calling for transformation. In this study, within the context of the manifestos proclaimed by Dada, one of the avant-garde art movements, it has been examined how theory and ideas were transformed into embodied actions in artistic, social, and political domains. In order to investigate that manifestos are not merely statements of ideas but how these discourses turned into a call for action, the qualitative research method was employed among research techniques. By conducting the necessary literature review related to the research subject, both the content-related and thematic features as well as the formal and structural characteristics of the Dada manifestos were examined in detail.

THE EFFECT OF MUSIC THEORY AND TONALITY KNOWLEDGE ON THE LEARNING PROCESS IN CELLO EDUCATION

Ali KALKAN — 2026-07-16

This study aims to examine the effect of theory and tonality knowledge on the learning process in cello education with a holistic view. The research was conducted with a qualitative literature review design. National and international studies in music theory tonality ear training and cello pedagogy were scanned and thematically classified. The findings show that theory and tonality knowledge meaningfully supports intonation accuracy position shifts sight reading musical memory and skills of expression and interpretation. Because the cello is a fretless instrument accurate pitch production depends on auditory perception and tonal center awareness. The results indicate that integrating theory instruction with instrumental instruction through accompanied practice and analysis based activities is necessary. This approach directly contributes to noticing errors developing correction strategies and increasing technical confidence.

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE USE OF LOW-FIRING CERAMIC GLAZES ON GLASS SURFACES

Mehmet AYDIN Halil YOLERİ — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to examine the usability of low-firing ceramic glazes on glass surfaces through experimental and artistic dimensions. Within the scope of the study, a transparent ceramic glaze capable of maturing at approximately 650 °C was developed and applied onto soda-lime-silica glass surfaces using various coloring oxides. An experimental methodology was adopted, and the developed glazes were applied to glass surfaces and tested at different firing temperatures. The resulting samples were evaluated in terms of color, surface texture, gloss, and glass–glaze compatibility, and stress analyses were conducted to determine thermal compatibility. In the final stage of the study, the glazed glass surfaces were transformed into artistic forms using slump forming and fusing techniques. The findings demonstrate that low-firing ceramic glazes can yield successful results on glass surfaces when appropriate glaze formulations and firing conditions are provided, and that they can be used as an alternative surface material in glass decoration. The research proposes an approach that expands interdisciplinary production possibilities between the disciplines of glass and ceramics.

THE COST OF MALARIA FIGHTING DURING THE REPUBLICAN ERA AND ITS BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS (1923-1950)

Seda GÜRSELRahmi DOĞANAY — 2026-07-16

One issue that consumed the time and energy of the Republic during its efforts toward modernization and transformation was the fight against epidemics. Malaria, which was prevalent in the early Republic period, was one such epidemic that negatively affected the health of the population, reduced the labor force and production activities, slowed down the development of the state, threatened public health, and hindered economic growth. For Turkey, which needed a healthy workforce and population in all areas, the fight against malaria was seen as a national struggle for survival, and serious efforts were made to combat it. With this awareness, despite limited resources, significant budgets were allocated to fight malaria, and efforts to combat it were implemented as state policy. This study aims to examine the fight against malaria with limited national resources between 1923 and 1950 and how this fight was reflected in budgets. Archival documents, laws, and court records were analyzed to identify the budgets allocated for malaria and to highlight the importance of the resources allocated for malaria control within the Ministry of Health's budget. The fact that quinine, which is used especially in the treatment of the disease, is obtained from abroad despite currency shortages demonstrates the importance the state attaches to the nation's development in terms of public health and its understanding of the welfare state. The budget allocated to the fight against malaria during this period reflects the state policy on the issue and the importance of a healthy population for economic development and the future of the country.

THE ROLE OF WRITING EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF CHİLD DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATIONAL POLICIES

Zülküf NANTO — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to examine the views of associate degree students enrolled in the Department of Child Development regarding authorship. The research was conducted using criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling methods, and the study group consisted of 54 students studying in the Department of Child Development at Munzur University. A qualitative research approach was adopted. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview form, and each set of data was transferred to a computer environment and numbered. The interview questions were developed based on a review of the relevant literature and preliminary interviews conducted with child development students. The interview form included questions aimed at identifying students’ reasons for choosing the child development department, their perceptions of the profession’s duties and responsibilities, their level of knowledge regarding fields of employment, and their expectations for their professional future. The collected data were analyzed using the content analysis method. According to the findings obtained from the analysis, students emphasized that writing education is necessary not only for the Department of Child Development but also for all departments, particularly for students studying in the fields of education, literature, and medicine. Based on students’ views, writing education was considered essential as it enhances communication skills, reveals knowledge and abilities, supports professional development, and contributes to the effective transfer of information. This necessity was expressed with different justifications across various fields such as Child Development, education, literature, and medicine; overall, writing education was reported to make significant contributions to academic and professional development. In addition, it was found that the majority of Child Development students considered receiving writing education to be necessary. This view was grounded in reasons such as producing high-quality content for children and parents, strengthening communication and language skills, and supporting professional development. Students stated that writing education should particularly include content related to language and expression, thinking and communication skills, and fundamental knowledge of the writing process.

AWARENESS-FOCUSED DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT PERFORMANCES IN BASIC VIOLA EDUCATION

Mert BİLGİNERAyşe Sena GÜRŞEN — 2026-07-16

This study is based on the viola exercises, scales, arpeggios, and etudes used to date, and aims to help students systematically comprehend the required skills and progress step by step. The stages in these studies are designed to be enjoyable during level transitions for students and for all performers, and once cognitively internalized, they can be adapted as a skill that may also be utilized when working on other repertoire. The purpose of the study is to measure the usefulness of technical exercises that can be adapted and applied within viola education. In the research, the Observation Form—which is of great importance in practice—was developed based on a seven-week training plan and consisted of the sections General Principles, Pitch Accuracy, Rhythm, Technique, and Musicality. The form, grounded in detailed cognitive knowledge criteria, was meticulously implemented by three experts. The structures used in the study were based not only on notation but also on systematic and numerical elements intended to guide the learning process. This study primarily aims to support student development during the transition from the basic level to the intermediate level. In addition to determining the appropriate starting level for beginners and acceler-ating the warm-up process, the research also evaluates the usability and benefits of studies that provide technical continuity from intermediate to advanced levels when integrated into students’ individual practice routines. According to the findings, it has become evident that, in viola instruction, rather than focusing solely on “playing correctly,” it is necessary to adopt an approach that ensures the student’s conscious en-gagement in thinking, noticing, and learning. Moreover, the results highlight a strong need for general sys-tematic exercises and for constructivist methods reinforced by structured scale and arpeggio studies.

THE USE OF KARS’S GASTRONOMIC ELEMENTS IN DIGITAL PROMOTION: AN ANALYSIS OF OFFICIAL WEBSITES

Sümeyye Nur CİHANGİRTuncay ÇANAKÇI — 2026-07-16

Kars has emerged in recent years as a destination that is developing in the field of tourism, thanks to its historical, natural, and cultural heritage. Improvements in transportation opportunities, investments in winter tourism, and the city's increased visibility in the media have positively influenced tourism activity. Attraction points such as the Sarıkamış Ski Resort, Lake Çıldır, and the Ani Ruins strengthen the city’s recognizability. However, the main element that differentiates Kars in terms of tourism is its gastronomy. Local delicacies such as Kars kaşar and gruyere cheese, goose meat, kete, and hangel are key values that highlight the city in the context of gastronomy tourism. Nevertheless, this potential cannot be fully realized due to insufficient promotion. The fact that tourists coming from other cities or abroad are unable to recognize these gastronomic riches emerges as a significant factor limiting the development of gastronomy tourism. The aim of this study is to reveal the role of gastronomic elements in the promotion of Kars. Accordingly, links to web pages providing information about Kars, as well as the promotional catalogues and guides available on these pages, were evaluated using the document analysis method. The research findings indicate that gastronomic elements are included in the promotion of Kars on centrally administered websites. However, in order to effectively reflect the gastronomy tourism potential of Kars on digital platforms, it is necessary for all official websites (particularly the Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism) to enrich their content comprehensively and to give greater emphasis to the promotion of authentic recipes, local products, geographically indicated delicacies, and gastronomy-related events.

TURKİSH SUGAR FACTORIES: AN ANALYSIS OF 2020-2024 PRODUCTION DATA

Mehmet DOĞANBülent ÇAKIL ,Esengül İLHAN — 2026-07-16

This study aims to comprehensively examine the production performance of Turkish Sugar Factories between 2020 and 2024. The primary objective of the study is to analyze sugar production volumes, processed sugar beet volumes, and factory-based capacity utilization rates to reveal the current status of sugar production processes across the country and their changing trends over the years. The study primarily conducted a literature review, and detailed the history, production policies, and sectoral development processes of the Turkish sugar industry were evaluated. Furthermore, activity reports, production statistics, and official data published by TÜRKŞEKER for the years 2020-2024 were systematically reviewed. Based on this data, factory-based production performance, regional production distribution, capacity utilization rates, and productivity indicators were analyzed. The study also addressed the impact of external factors such as pandemic effects, economic fluctuations, raw material supply, and energy costs on production processes. The findings identify the strengths and areas of the Turkish sugar industry that need development and offer important policy recommendations for optimizing production capacity, increasing the productivity of sugar beet cultivation areas, and ensuring the sustainability of domestic production. This study contributes to the academic literature and creates a comprehensive data and analysis base that can guide sectoral planning and decision-making. Consequently, the current status of sugar production in Turkey, its development trends over the years, and recommendations for sectoral strategies are systematically presented through this study.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN AWARENESS SCALE ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF CIGARETTE BUTTS

Fatma ERTÜRKRaziye ÇAKICIOĞLU OBAN — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to develop a valid and reliable awareness scale to determine society’s level of awareness regarding the environmental impacts of cigarette butts. Cigarette butts, one of the most widespread types of environmental pollution worldwide, remain in nature for long periods and cause serious environmental harm. Considering that approximately 4.5 trillion cigarette butts are discarded into the environment each year, determining society’s awareness of this type of pollution has become a significant necessity. A review of the related literature reveals that no scale has been developed to measure the environmental impacts of cigarette butts, which highlights the originality of the present study. In this research, which employed a descriptive method, a pilot study was conducted during the 2024–2025 academic year spring semester with 302 preservice teachers studying across 20 departments at a university. Participants were randomly selected from 1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-year class levels. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 29 program, and after completing validity and reliability analyses, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using the AMOS 21 program. The analyses conducted within the scope of the study revealed that the scale possesses a statistically appropriate, valid, and reliable structure. In addition to contributing a valid and reliable scale to the literature, this scale development study is expected to raise awareness on the subject. Moreover, the study may guide future educational practices and legal regulations related to this issue.

AN EXAMINATION OF STUDIES ON POSITION SHIFTS IN VIOLIN EDUCATION IN TÜRKİYE

Evrim YÜCELDilek ÖZÇELİK HERDEM — 2026-07-16

The subject of this study comprises domestic research conducted between 2010 and 2025 on position (shift) technique in violin playing. The study aims to evaluate the research carried out in the field of violin education in Türkiye regarding position shifts in terms of scope, content, and results. The population of the study consists of works related to position shifts in violin education, while the sample is limited to the domestic literature on position shifts identified through searches conducted as of 19 November 2025. The data in this study were obtained through an online search using databases and search engines such as the YÖK Thesis Center and Google Scholar, as well as from printed sources such as books and journals. The data were analyzed and interpreted using document analysis. As a result of the literature review, it is primarily observed that a common tendency is to aim at making the position training process easier and more efficient for both teachers and students. Secondly, it is noteworthy that the number of domestic studies is limited. The use of the same or similar sources in different studies can be considered a consequence of this limited body of literature.

AMATEUR POLYVOCAL YOUTH CHOIR MEMBERS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS PEER-BASED CHOIR EDUCATION

Pınar PİJİTuran SAĞER — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of amateur polyphonic youth choir members participating in choral training based on a peer-based learning approach and to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool for this purpose. The study group consisted of 50 amateur polyphonic youth choir members, 35 female and 15 male, aged between 16 and 25. Data were collected using the Attitudes Toward Peer-Based Choral Training Scale, developed by the researcher, and validity and reliability analyses were conducted. The analysis found that the scale consisted of 31 items and eight subscales and was highly reliable. Furthermore, members of the amateur polyphonic youth choir were found to have highly positive attitudes toward peer-based choral education. The findings revealed similarly high attitude levels for the participation, self-confidence, group work, musical development, and social interaction subscales. The study recommended that music teachers and choir conductors prioritize peer-based learning methods in choral activities and that future studies examine the relationship between this approach and various variables.

THE INTERACTION OF RISK PERCEPTION WITH ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE AND STRATEGIC MANA-GEMENT

Alaettin CANGÖZYasemin BAL — 2026-07-16

Numerous scientific data about the rise of global risks are being published by various organizations. Establishing risk-resilient organizational structures has become more important than ever. This study examines the obstacles that prevent companies from establishing risk-resilient organizational structures and theoretically explores how these obstacles can be overcome. It is argued that the short-term growth logic dominant in Türkiye's economic landscape has overshadowed the long-term logic of precaution and resilience, thus undervaluing risk management and business continuity practices. Furthermore, it is argued that, along with economic considerations, the predominant fatalism in our society, low trust in institutions, and a tendency to forget about disasters trivialise risks, which is reflected in inadequate organizational preparedness. The study recommends that companies embed a culture of organizational resilience into their corporate culture through dynamic competencies and strategy-as-practice approaches. In this way, it is envisioned that organizational resilience will not be a cost factor but rather a competency that ensures long-term continuity.

RETHINKING ACTIVE AGING POLICIES FOR EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL LIFE IN THE AXIS OF SILVER ECONOMY

Özlem ŞAKARHarun CEYLAN — 2026-07-16

For the all-round development of the elderly, it may be useful to accept active aging and the silver economy model as the basic idea. This study was conducted in order to re-evaluate the active aging policies towards employment and social life in Türkiye in the context of silver economy. Narrative analysis was used to achieve the aim of the research. In the study, within the scope of active aging policies for employment life, attention was drawn to the establishment of age management policies, supporting elderly entrepreneurship, establishing active labor market programs for elderly individuals, providing incentives to businesses and making functional arrangements in retirement. Within the scope of active aging policies for social life, it is emphasized to establish and develop an elderly-friendly environment policy, to include retirement preparation practices as a policy tool and to expand non-governmental organizations for the elderly. As a result of these data, it was revealed that it is necessary to formulate policies that prioritize long-term and sustainable life for the silver economy, to develop new technological products that meet the needs of the elderly, and to improve the services to be provided for the various needs of the elderly in terms of staff, infrastructure and coordination.

FROM THE LANGUAGE OF THE COAST: THE SOUNDS OF BANDIRMA AND MARMARA IN ATTILÂ İLHAN'S POEMS

Şeyda KAZEZ — 2026-07-16

In Turkish poetry, the word Bandırma, as it generally comes to mind, is used to evoke the Bandırma Ferry. The name of the ferry that carried Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his comrades to Samsun on May 19, 1919, is known to have been destroyed. A replica of it is on display at the Bandırma Ship Museum and the National Struggle Open Air Museum in Samsun. Bandırma, a city name generally associated with its historical meaning in poetry, is not exclusively addressed in this respect in the poetry of the Socialist Realist poet Attilâ İlhan. This study was initially designed to explore the poems in which Attilâ İlhan used this word. Attilâ İlhan, noted for his urban poetry, appears to have centered his poems not only on İzmir and Paris, but also on the Marmara Sea and Istanbul. The aim of this study is to explain the role of these cities in the poet's poems, particularly those about Bandırma, Balıkesir, and Istanbul.

THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST ON QUIET QUITTING: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY

Cemile KARAKUŞNihan YAVUZ AKSAKAL — 2026-07-16

Organizational factors influencing employee attitudes and behaviors in working life are gaining increasing importance. The trust employees have in the organization and their managers is considered a valuable element in understanding quiet quitting, a current concept. This study examines the effect of organizational trust on quiet quitting. The study aims to determine the impact of organizational trust, which is addressed through two sub-dimensions – trust in the organization and trust in the manager – on quiet quitting. To this end, the research population consisted of 150 white-collar employees. A quantitative research method was chosen, and a questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. SPSS22 program was used to analyze the obtained data. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation, and regression analysis were applied to the data. According to the results of the regression analysis, it was determined that trust in the manager did not affect quiet quitting behavior, but trust in the organization did affect quiet quitting behavior. Although trust in the manager appears to reduce quiet quitting behavior, when trust in the organization is included, trust in the manager becomes meaningless. This is because trust in the manager and trust in the organization are statistically highly similar, and trust in the organization has a more dominant and powerful influence in understanding quiet quitting behavior. Therefore, trust in the organization is a key determinant in understanding quiet quitting behavior.

LEADERSHIP AND HUMOR IN THE TURKİSH EDUCATION SYSTEM

Celal ARAMAZFaik TANYÜREK — 2026-07-16

This study is a comprehensive literature review examining humor as a leadership strategy within the Turkish education system through cultural, institutional, and interactive dimensions. It synthesizes existing national and international academic publications using qualitative content analysis, without primary data collection. The research reveals humor as a strategic leadership tool that strengthens teacher commitment, reduces stress, fosters innovation, and facilitates change. Its application, however, is culture-specific. Turkish administrators navigate a dilemma between a tradition of subtle irony and a rigid centralized hierarchy. While Western self-deprecating humor risks weakening authority, “participatory humor”—which repairs relationships and unites groups—emerges as the most effective and accepted style. Female leaders appear to have a natural advantage in this style, and experience leads to more mature, strategic use of humor. A key finding is that humor acts as the school’s emotional thermostat. A leader’s humor style determines whether a climate of trust or fear develops. Positive humor creates psychological safety for idea-sharing, while negative, mocking humor produces toxic silence and stifles innovation. Furthermore, digitalization and generational shifts are transforming humor’s codes, with emojis and text-based jokes replacing traditional face-to-face humor, introducing high risks of misunderstanding. The impact of this digital shift on educational leadership remains an area for future exploration.

THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A STUDY IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Ömer ÖZKAN — 2026-07-16

This study investigates the effects of leadership styles on employee performance in the automotive industry, with particular attention to gender, education level, and demographic factors. Leadership is widely recognized as a critical determinant of employee motivation and performance, yet the ways in which different leadership approaches interact with individual characteristics remain underexplored in this sector. The research was conducted with 134 employees working in the automotive industry. Data were collected through Google Forms using the “Leadership Styles Scale” (LSS) and the “Individual Work Performance Questionnaire” (IWPQ), along with demographic information such as gender, age, marital status, education level, organizational tenure, and total work experience. The LSS, developed by Akın, Yıldırım, and Yalçın (2014), evaluates transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership through a 35-item, 5-point Likert-type structure with high reliability coefficients (α = .96, .85, .82, respectively). The IWPQ, adapted into Turkish by Köroğlu Kaba and Öztürk (2021), measures task and contextual performance across 11 items and also demonstrates strong reliability (α = .80). Findings revealed that transformational leadership style had a strong and positive relationship with both task and contextual performance. Female participants reported significantly higher perceptions of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles, as well as higher performance scores, compared to male participants. Moreover, transformational leadership perception increased with higher levels of education, while demographic variables such as age and seniority did not significantly influence leadership or performance perceptions. Overall, the results emphasize the decisive role of transformational leadership in enhancing employee motivation and performance. It is therefore recommended that leaders in the automotive industry adopt transformational leadership practices to foster more effective and productive workplaces.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF POSTGRADUATE THESES RELATED TO AYVALIK DISTRICT AND CUNDA (ALİBEY) ISLAND

2026-07-16

Ayvalık district and Cunda (Alibey) Island are among Türkiye's important tourism and landscape areas due to their natural, cultural, and historical heritage values. Although there are numerous theses and academic studies on these areas, no research has been found in the literature that addresses these studies from a bibliometric perspective. The aim of this study is to analyze graduate theses on Ayvalık and Cunda Island registered at the Higher Education Council (YÖK) National Thesis Center from a bibliometric perspective. The research was conducted within the scope of the survey model, one of the qualitative research designs. The data were obtained by searching for the keywords “Ayvalık,” “Cunda Island,” and “Alibey Island” in the YÖK National Thesis Center between 1987 and 2025. The theses were examined in terms of variables such as thesis type, author, advisor characteristics, university, institute type, main field of study, subject area, language of writing, and thesis year. According to the research findings, 20 theses related to Cunda Island and 101 theses related to Ayvalık were identified. While the vast majority of theses related to Cunda Island were master's theses, it was observed that studies on Ayvalık were also predominantly at the master's level. In terms of subject distribution, tourism stood out in Cunda Island, while architecture stood out in Ayvalık. It was found that most of the theses were prepared at state universities, in Turkish, and with a single advisor. This study contributes to the literature by revealing the general trends in academic research on Ayvalık and Cunda Island and provides guidance for future studies.

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF MIGRATION FROM IRAQ TO TÜRKİYE: AN ASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF FORCED AND VOLUNTARY MIGRATION

Kahtan YUNUS Sayim TÜRKMAN — 2026-07-16

This article examines the economic impacts of migration from Iraq to Türkiye by distinguishing between forced and voluntary migration. Drawing on conceptual discussions in migration economics and empirical evidence from türkiye, the study analyses how Iraqi migration has affected the Turkish economy through labour markets, public finances, consumption patterns, local economies, and foreign trade relations. The article argues that Iraqi migration cannot be understood solely as a humanitarian or demographic phenomenon, but rather as a multidimensional process producing both short-term costs and long-term economic opportunities. Using official migration statistics from the Turkish Directorate General of Migration Management for the period 2013–2016, the study demonstrates that migration from Iraq has displayed continuity and diversification across different legal categories, including irregular migration, international protection, and residence permits. The findings indicate that forced migration has generated short-term pressures on public services and informal employment, while longer-term effects depend largely on the effectiveness of integration and labour market policies. Furthermore, the article highlights the indirect role of Iraqi migrant networks in facilitating Türkiye–Iraq foreign trade by reducing information and transaction costs, while also noting the risks associated with informal economic practices. Overall, the study contributes to the literature by offering a differentiated economic assessment of Iraqi migration to Türkiye within a forced–voluntary migration framework.

SCHOOL-BASED SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE CULTURE OF SOLIDARITY: A STUDY ON THE GÖNÜL ATKISI PROJECT

Betül SEVİNCEK — 2026-07-16

This study examines the contribution of school-based social responsibility and volunteerism practices to post-disaster social recovery. Following the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes, the Gönül Atkısı Project (Scarf of the Heart) was implemented as an example of an educational social responsibility initiative. The study adopts a qualitative case study design. Data were collected from project reports, news articles, and teachers’ reflections, and analyzed thematically under five main themes: solidarity, empathy, volunteerism, value education, and social impact. Findings indicate that the project not only provided material support to children in the disaster-affected areas but also fostered empathy, social awareness, and responsibility among participating students. The results suggest that educational institutions can go beyond knowledge transmission and act as healing and transformative agents in society.