The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2025 Issue 162

SOCIO-POLITICAL INFLUENCE OF SUFIS ON THE FORMATION OF BENGAL SULTANATE AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE PRESENT DAY BANGLADESH

Md Rafiqul ISLAMAbdulla AL MASUD ,Mohammad ZAKARIA ,Akram UDDİN — 2026-01-30

Present day socio-political existence of Islam in Bangladesh traces back to the Sufistic Islamic activism started in India at the closing years of 12^th century, and Bengal’s contact with Islamic civilization took place in the context of geopolitical upheavals caused by the 13th century Mongol attack on the central cities of Islamic world-Baghdad, Samarkand and so forth, that had driven Muslim scholars, saints and large number of Turkish speaking groups from central Asia into the Iranian plateau and India. The Turkish speaking groups of Muslims did not confine themselves to the central cities of the Islamic world, rather moved further to its fringes like Bengal which immediately after Bakhtiar Khilji’s victory of Bengal in 1203 gained fullest pace. For the next six centuries, they had worked hard to infuse both rulers and mass people of the region into social beauties and spiritual urgencies of Islam. Their continued sincere endeavors had contributed to transforming the socio-political forces of the south Asians into a unified body of Islamic cosmopolitan political community. This study in adopting qualitative method tries to investigate the influence of Sufis’ Islamic activism on the socio-economic and political space of Bengal. The paper maintains that the greater part of Bengal delta was covered with dense forest and jungle. It is the Sufis whose tireless efforts and struggles of clearing jungle from the forestry and marshlands had made the lower Gangatic plains inhabitable while transforming the indigenous communities’ life into an agriculturally monetized vibrant nation. The present work attempts to briefly focus on the historical perspective of Sufis’ advent into Bengal. The research also seeks to highlight the Sufis’ contribution to the development of academic institutions in Bengal.

THE EFFECT OF CONCEPTUAL CHANGE TEXTS USED IN ASTRONOMY LESONS ON STUDENT ATTITUDES

Önder ŞENSOYYaprak YEŞİL ASANA — 2026-01-30

This study aims to develop conceptual change texts to change the misconceptions in astronomy courses and to compare the effect of conceptual change texts on pre-service science teachers' attitudes towards astronomy with classical text and traditional learning methods. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was used in the study. The study sample consisted of 4th-grade pre-service teachers studying in the Department of Science Teaching at a state university in Turkey and taking the astronomy course. The group in which conceptual change texts were applied constituted the first experimental group with 27 pre-service teachers, the group in which classical texts were applied constituted the second experimental group with 24 pre-service teachers, and the group in which traditional learning was performed constituted the control group with 26 pre-service teachers. After the preparation process for the conceptual change texts was completed, the creation of the texts started. At the end of this process, 18 conceptual change texts were prepared and applied. In order to measure the attitudes of pre-service science teachers towards astronomy education, the Astronomy Attitude Scale developed by Zeilik, Schau and Mattern in 1999, translated into Turkish by Canbazoğlu-Bilici, Öner-Armağan, Kozcu Çakır and Yürük (2011) and the reliability and validity study was carried out. The study used t-tests for dependent groups, t-tests for independent groups and one-factor variance (one-way ANOVA) for unrelated samples to evaluate the results. When the groups were compared before and after the application, it was determined that there was no difference between the attitudes of the experimental and control groups towards astronomy. However, when the pretests and posttests of the groups were compared, it was found that there was a difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the group to which the conceptual change text was applied in favour of the posttest.

YENI GERÇEK MAGAZINE

Levent Bilgi — 2026-01-30

Yeni Gerçek magazine was published as a monthly magazine of ideas and arts. Its owner was Ömür Candaş and its editor-in-chief was Aydın Hatipoğlu. The first issue was published on September 1, 1967. It was eight pages long. The price was 1 lira. The name of the magazine was written as “YENİ GERÇEK” in capital letters at the top. However, the color of this text changed in each issue as red, blue, green. It also wrote “monthly magazine of ideas and arts” in lower case letters underneath. In the upper right corner, there is Article 20 of the constitution in a red frame or in some issues in a black stripe under the name. The magazine explains its publication policy by publishing a statement in the first and second issues. According to this statement, it publishes on the left and socialist line. It adopts a social realist art. Articles, poems, stories, translations, and news from other magazines were published in the magazine, which was published for nine issues. The magazine also launched an investigation into the life and art views of literary figures. It published the answers given by these artists to the investigation in each issue. It rejected art that was disconnected from society. It cares about raising public awareness. It adopts the new realism movement and publishes articles in this direction. However, the magazine could not last long.

SYSTEMATIC MODEL FOR “POSITIONING THE LEFT HAND” IN THE EDUCATION-TRAINING PROCESSES OF BAĞLAMA (TAMBURA)

Mehmet Ali ÖZDEMİR — 2026-01-30

When the education and training processes of baglama/tambura are evaluated, it is seen that they are mostly concentrated on ‘Right Hand Techniques’. The subject of ‘Positioning’, which is the basis for the creation of ‘Left Hand Techniques’, has not been dealt with sufficiently and systematically. This study has created a new system on ‘Positioning of the Left Hand in Baglama Teaching’. The data obtained by using descriptive and qualitative research methods were analytically evaluated and the results obtained were listed with figure lists. Firstly, the size of the bağlama/tambura was taken as standard and the tuning system was standardised accordingly. The key that should be used in the teaching processes of an instrument of this size was suggested as ‘Second Line C Key’ and all positioning was determined accordingly. From the 0th position to the 9th position, 114 positions were determined on all strings and note examples were given with a list of figures. In addition, based on the formation of the positions, the frets pressed by the fingers and examples of exercises and etudes for them were also included in the figure list as notes.

NURSING STUDENTS’ AWARENESS OF IMMIGRANT MENTAL HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERCULTURAL NURSING AND THEIR EXPERIENCES IN THE PROVISION OF IMMIGRANT CARE

Sevda UZUNFatma YILDIZ — 2026-01-30

Migration results in sudden and significant environmental changes, profoundly impacting health and wellbeing. A qualitative research approach was employed using semi-structured interviews. Senior nursing students in Northern Turkey were recruited. A total of 76 students participated. Analysis revealed twelve themes and thirty five subthemes supporting three main categories, “thoughts about intercultural nursing”, “reflections on immigrant mental health” and “difficulties encountered in the provision of care to immigrant people. Results indicated that nursing students were sensitive and respectful to the cultural differences of immigrant individuals they encountered during their clinical practice but that students had great difficulty in providing care to immigrant individuals. Nursing students should be educated and trained to follow universal standards in providing culturally satisfactory mental health services to foreign patients.

COMPARISON OF THE FELSEFI MESLEKLER VOKABULERI (1932) AND FELSEFE VOKABULERI (1934) IN TERMS OF COMMON TERMS

Faruk MANAV — 2026-01-30

In this study it is compared two of the earliest dictionaries contributing to the development of philosophical terminology in Turkish following the establishment of the Republic: Felsefi Meslekler Vokabüleri (1932) and Felsefe Vokabüleri (1934). Written by Namdar Rahmi, a representative of the Energetism school, Felsefi Meslekler Vokabüleri was inspired by French sources and aimed to address the lack of a philosophical lexicon in Turkish by incorporating French terms. On the other hand, Felsefe Vokabüleri, authored by Haydar Tolun, was broader in scope and prioritized the development of Turkish equivalents for philosophical terms, striving for a simplified and accessible philosophical language. While the two dictionaries differ in their approach to defining and translating terms, both reflect the challenges of standardization. In the study, it is highlighted the significance of these works in shaping the philosophical terminology of the Turkish language.

AN OVERVIEW OF THE CENTURY OF TURKEY EDUCATIONAL MODEL CURRICULUMS IN THE CONTEXT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRAMS FROM THE REPUBLIC TO THE PRESENT

Hatice ATEŞ — 2026-01-30

A teacher is an expert who guides, structures, and plans instructional activities to enable learners under their responsibility to develop permanent behaviors at the highest level. Teachers, who make it their profession to educate people and teach knowledge, skills, attitudes, and perceptions, are individuals who shape students in educational institutions, allowing citizens to learn by experiencing life itself at school. The teaching and learning process is conducted in a planned manner within educational environments. Plans are crucial as they prevent randomness. Plans encompassing all instructional activities are developed within the framework of programs. In Turkey, primary school curricula have undergone numerous changes from the foundation of the Republic to the present. While some of these changes are superficial, others involve fundamental philosophical shifts. The Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Model (Century of Turkey Educational Model) Curriculums, announced in 2024 and set to be gradually implemented starting from the 1st grade of each level in the 2024-2025 academic year, is a contemporary topic. During the analysis of this program, the Ministry of National Education's official website, “https://tymm.meb.gov.tr/ogretim-programlari,” was taken as the primary resource. The study covers the following topics: Fundamental Approach of the Curriculum, Learning Outcomes Framework: Content Framework, Conceptual Skills, Physical Skills, Tendencies, Field Skills, Inter-program Components: Social-Emotional Learning Skills, Virtue-Value-Action Framework, Literacy Skills, and Primary School Curriculums. The topic of the Student Profile: Competent and Virtuous Individuals is examined. The concept of a student profile characterized as Moral, Courageous, Determined, Healthy, Productive, Wise, Aesthetic, Compassionate, Inquisitive, and Patriotic is explored. Primary school programs from the Republic era to the present are reviewed. Changes in the sound groups used in teaching initial reading and writing, differentiation, enrichment, and support emphasized for special education students are discussed. Despite the separation of Turkish and Mathematics courses into primary and secondary school levels, Science courses are prepared as a single program. The study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the current primary school curriculums and concludes with recommendations..

CHILD DEVELOPMENT STUDENTS’ METAPHORICAL PERCEPTIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF LOVE

Çiğdem ÇAM TÜRKAN — 2026-01-30

Metaphors are an important study in terms of concretizing abstract concepts and attributing meaning to the concept in the mind. Associating and concretizing the concept is valuable in terms of learning and taking into consideration. In this study, it was aimed to examine the views of child development students about the concept of love through the metaphors they produced. Phenomenology, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in our study. The study group consisted of Iğdır University Child Development Department students. The participants who formed the study group were determined by the purposeful sampling method. For the data of the study; each participant was asked to fill out the form containing open-ended statements that would define the concept of love in the form of “Love in child development is like / similar to ……; because …….” The analysis of the information collected from the participants was carried out with the content analysis technique. When the metaphors created by the participants regarding the concept of love were examined, it was seen that a total of 46 metaphors and 9 different meaning groups were created for the concept. As a result of the analysis of the data of this study, it was seen that the concept of love was most frequently expressed with the metaphors of ‘flower, medicine, water and mother’.

METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GRADUATE THESES ON SPORTS MARKETING

Nazan KORUCUKMuhammed Enes TUTAL — 2026-01-30

This study aims to examine the postgraduate theses written on sports marketing within universities operating in Türkiye from a methodological perspective. In this study, postgraduate theses prepared in the sports marketing literature were evaluated according to the variables of year, level, university, research design, target audience, language used and measurement tool. The research was conducted using the document analysis method. The data source of this study consists of postgraduate theses accessed from the National Thesis Center website. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data in the study. It was observed that theses in the field of sports marketing were generally prepared with qualitative designs, and more than 2/3 of the qualitative studies were conducted with the interview technique. On the other hand, it was concluded that the target audiences of theses in the field of sports marketing often consist of sports stakeholders such as fans, sports club members and sports managers. The study concluded that 34 theses were completed by 22 universities between 1990-2024 and that there were limited studies on sports marketing. Although there are differences between the results of similar studies in the relevant literature and the results obtained in this study, it can be stated that the results of this study are generally supported by other studies in the literature. The results obtained in this study were evaluated and various suggestions were presented.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADULTS' SELF- CRITICISM LEVELS AND THEIR SUBSTANCE USE TENDENCIES

Barçinay ŞENTÜRKEzgi ÖZKAN — 2026-01-30

This study examined the relationship between adults' levels of self-criticism and their tendency toward substance use. The relationship between self-criticism levels, substance use tendencies, and variables such as gender, education level, income level, employment status, and parental education levels was explored. A total of 537 individuals participated in the study, and data from 498 participants (296 women, 202 men) were analyzed in accordance with exclusion criteria. Participants were administered the "Socio-Demographic Information Form," the "Self-Criticism Scale," and the "Substance Use Tendency Scale." To compare substance use tendencies and subdimensions of self-criticism in terms of socio-demographic variables, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between substance use tendencies and the dimensions of self-criticism. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to assess the predictive role of self-criticism dimensions on substance use tendency. A positive and significant relationship was found between destructive and inadequate self-criticism levels and substance use tendency, while a negative and significant relationship was found between constructive self-criticism levels and substance use tendency. The findings of the study were evaluated within the framework of the existing literature. This study is considered to be the first to examine the variables together and is thought to provide guidance for future research. Recommendations for further studies are presented.

CONTEXT-BASED LEARNING IN BIOLOGYTEACHING

Yağmur Suzan SÖNMEZ — 2026-01-30

It is obvious that biology is a course that will gain meaning when it is taught in real life situations. Therefore, the use of context-based approach is essential for biology education. The aim of this study is to give information about the context-based approach, which has a very important place for the field of biology education, to examine the theses related to the field and to reveal the current situation, to provide biology teachers with a course process suitable for context-based learning understanding and to make suggestions. Survey model was chosen as the study method. In our study, a literature review was conducted and theses on context-based learning were accessed from the YÖK TEZ database and evaluated. At the end of the study, it was determined that the most theses were related to science education (34) and the least theses were related to pre-school science (1), life science (1) and geography (1) education. When the theses are examined, it is seen that only 2 theses were written about biology education. Looking at all the studies, it was determined that the context-based learning approach was mostly named as REACT strategy. Most studies indicate that the context-based approach increases student achievement. The same interpretation is valid for students' interest, attitude and motivation. Studies should be carried out to encourage the theses prepared in the biology education departments of universities to be related to the context-based learning approach. Workshops should be organized to increase teachers' knowledge on this subject.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES ON ADDICTION: THE CASE OF DERGI PARK

Tuncay POLATŞemsinnur GÖÇER — 2026-01-30

Bibliometric analysis is a type of content analysis that aims to obtain frequency and citation analysis of articles by using various parameters such as topics, methods and annual distributions. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the articles published on addiction in the journal park database by bibliometric analysis. The population of the study consists of articles titled “addiction” and containing the keywords “addiction, substance use, drug use, technology, digital, game addiction” published in the Dergi Park database between 2015-2024. Within the scope of the research, 329 articles were downloaded and 295 articles within the scope of the study were evaluated. Articles were evaluated according to various parameters such as publication year, data collection method, study group, addiction type, article type, research area. As a result of the study, it was determined that the articles were mostly published in the social field, there was a general tendency to increase over the years, the survey method was mostly preferred in data collection, internet and technology-based addiction types and research articles were more common, and the studies focused on university students. As a result of the study; it is recommended that future research should be spread to all research areas, different research methods should be utilized, data collection methods should be diversified and studies on other addiction types should be increased.

EVALUATION OF TYMM LIFE SCIENCES LESSON CURRICULUM ACCORDING TO FIRST GRADE TEACHERS' OPINIONS

Adem ARSLAN — 2026-01-30

This research aims to evaluate the Life Sciences Curriculum (HBDÖP) created within the framework of the Turkey Century Education Model according to teachers' opinions. The research examines the general structure of HBDÖP, its strengths, areas that need improvement, difficulties encountered during the implementation process and teachers' opinions on measurement-evaluation processes. The research is a qualitative research design and the data were collected with a semi-structured interview form. The interviews were conducted with teachers who teach Life Sciences at a primary school in the city center of Gümüşhane. According to the findings of the research, the teachers evaluated the general structure of the program positively as value-oriented and student-centered. It was emphasized that the achievements in the fields of values education and social emotional learning in particular contributed to the development of the students. However, some teachers stated that they had difficulties in implementation due to the intensity of the program's achievements and lack of materials. It was stated that the learning areas were mostly suitable for student levels, but some abstract concepts were difficult to understand. The program's measurement and evaluation processes were generally found sufficient by teachers, but it was stated that more creative and student-focused evaluation tools were needed. As a result, although the Maarif Model LBDÖP has its strengths, it was concluded that the gains should be simplified, teaching materials should be diversified, and support for teachers should be increased in order for the program to be implemented more effectively. In addition, it is recommended that parents be more involved in the program and that flexible application models suitable for local contexts be developed.

CONSTITUTIONAL THEOCRACY

Görkem BİRİNCİ — 2026-01-30

Comparative constitutional law has recently been gaining popularity as an interdisciplinary field of research among lawyers, political scientists and political theorists. Ran Hirschl's “Constitutional Theocracy”, a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between religions, constitutions and especially constitutional courts in much of the contemporary world, is one of the most prominent works in this field. Hirschl, whose research interests focus on comparative public law, politics and constitutionalism, offers in this book a comprehensive analysis of national debates and jurisprudence on the relationship between state and religion, and secular and religious law. He also reaches some general conclusions about the trajectories of socio-legal changes in a post-secular era characterized by the public revitalization of religious identities and claims.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE ART OF VIOLIN MAKING THROUGH HISTORY AND ITS ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS

Aslıhan KOÇERSefer Yücel AÇIN — 2026-01-30

The violin is a string instrument that not only has a wide repertoire but is also technically rich. Used in orchestral music and solo performances, the violin has undergone significant changes throughout history. In this study, the history of the string instrument family is briefly discussed, and the origins of the viol family, one of the most commonly used instruments in Balkan, Turkish, and Middle Eastern music, are investigated. The origins of the viol family trace back to the nomadic tribes of Central Asia, Islamic countries, and Europe. The study mentions the Iklığ, the oldest string instrument of the Turks, which has existed for approximately 1000 years, and emphasizes that many string instruments such as the Kemane, Kemençe, and Rebap have developed from this instrument. In the subsequent sections of the study, it is detailed that the violin is derived from the viol family, and the characteristics of its other members, known as the viola, cello, and double bass, are thoroughly examined. These instruments first emerged in Europe in the first half of the 16th century and were shaped into their most ideal forms by many important makers in Italy during the 16th and 17th centuries. Their acceptance in music occurred in the 17th century, and their development was completed in the 18th century by the great master Antonio Stradivari. In the later sections of the study, the history of violin making is examined in detail, and important instrument makers such as Nicolo Amati (1596-1684), Antonio Stradivari (1644-1737), and Giuseppe Guarneri (1698-1744) are discussed. The study emphasizes the most important instrument-making centers, particularly Cremona. Towards the end of the study, "The Emergence of Violin Form with Golden Ratios" and "Violin Making and Acoustic Properties" are examined in detail.

THE PROOF OF THE EXISTENCE OF GOD AND THE PREDICATE OF EXISTENCE IN KANT

Esma KAYAR — 2026-01-30

In Kant’s pre-critical work The Only Possible Ground of Proof for a Demonstration of the Existence of God, the proof for God's existence known as the ontological argument is examined via the assertion that existence is absolute positing, not a predicate. Being as a predicate is regarded as relative positing not absolute in this work. This results in that the ontological argument is justified as a necessary existent God that is the actual ground for any possibility. Kant refuses to assess the argument by the concept of God regarding its internal possibility. In Critique of Pure Reason Kant again denies that existence is a predicate. In this work, Kant establishes a limit between logical possibility and real possibility. The existence of God is not qualified via non-contradiction based on the internal possibility that is related to logical possibility. For Kant, if canceling a predicate leads to the unthinkability of the subject and an internal contradiction, that predicate belongs to the subject necessarily. Even though canceling the subject is not unthinkable for any subject. Existence needs a synthetical criterion not viewed by a logical internal contradiction.

THE EFFECT OF DIGITAL GAME PROTOTYPING TRAINING ON CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS OF 10 YEAR OLD CHILDREN

Onay BUDAKRamazan ARI — 2026-01-30

In the present study, "The Effect of Digital Game Prototyping Training on Creative Thinking Skills of 10 Year Old Children" was examined. The pretest/posttest control group model, which is one of the real experimental models, was used in the study. The dependent variable of the study is 10-year-old primary school children's “Creative Thinking Skills” and the independent variable is the “Digital Game Prototyping Training”. The study group was selected by random cluster sampling method, from Alanya district, Antalya province, during the 2019-2020 academic year. A total of 40 children were included in the study, 20 of whom were in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. In order to determine the creative thinking skills of 10-year-old children, the formal and verbal A and B forms of Torrence Creative Thinking Test were applied. Digital Game Prototyping Training, on the other hand, was applied to the children selected in the experimental group in a regular and controlled manner in 14 sessions. In order to determine the information about the children, frequency and percentage calculations were made. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) normality test for formal and verbal pre-test total scores in the experimental and control groups and for the descriptive statistics of the data and the compared variables T-statistics analysis were performed. According to the results of the research, it is seen that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group’s children's creative thinking skills regarding their pretest and posttest scores.

GRAFFITI ART IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC SPACE

Ercan ŞAHBUDAKTuğçe ŞENOCAK — 2026-01-30

Graffiti is an art form that dates back to ancient times. Graffiti in the modern sense emerged in the mid-20th century, especially in New York, and quickly spread throughout the world. Originally seen as a means of rebellion and self-expression, graffiti has gradually gained acceptance in the art world and become an important tool in the aesthetic transformation of public spaces. Reconversion of public spaces is an important process that increases the vitality and livability of cities. Graffiti art makes an aesthetic and cultural contribution to this transformation. Colorful and creative graffiti reflects the spirit of cities and encourages social interaction. Therefore, greater use of graffiti art in the transformation of public spaces will contribute to cities becoming more livable and inspiring places. In this study, the individual-society relationship in the restructuring of public space depending on changing social conditions was questioned, and a general evaluation was made by considering graffiti art in this context.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON BANKING SECTOR

Ufuk ORHANÖzlem AKYOL YENİGÜN ,Yahya MENDİ — 2026-01-30

This study aims to examine the perceptions of banking sector employees about transformational leadership in detail. The aim of the research is to reveal the details of the transformational leadership process. The research was designed using a phenomenological design. The sample of the study consists of 10 bankers working in Mersin province. In the qualitatively designed research, questions were asked to the participants through in-depth interview method. One of the important features of research using qualitative analysis method is that the unique aspects of what the interviewees convey can be determined. In the study, a semi-structured interview form consisting of open-ended questions was used as a data collection tool, and the data obtained were evaluated by content analysis method. The themes discovered in this context include supporting personal development, providing interaction, and critical thinking system. The findings of the study provide a detailed analysis of leadership perceptions in the banking sector. In this sector, where both positive and negative effects of leaders on employees are observed, it has been determined that commitment levels are directly related to the support provided by managers. The study was conducted based on two perspectives: work-oriented and person-oriented. It concluded that transformational leadership-based management styles in the banking sector have both positive and negative effects on employees. The results of the analysis show that the work-oriented leadership style has the potential to increase performance, but at the same time, it may have negative effects on performance and goal pressure. It is hoped that this study will contribute to future research and related sectors.

AN ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC STUDIES ON CARL CZERNY PIANO ETUDES IN TÜRKİYE

Gamze KARANİS — 2026-01-30

The aim of this study is to examine the academic studies on Carl Czerny piano etudes, which have a very important place in piano education, and to create a resource for researchers who want to conduct research in the field of piano. This research is important in terms of bringing together the studies on Carl Czerny piano etudes in Türkiye and creating a resource for researchers who want to conduct research in this field. The research is a descriptive research in terms of examining the studies conducted in Türkiye on Carl Czerny piano etudes according to different variables. The population of the study consists of all researches on Carl Czerny piano etudes, and the sample consists of articles and theses on Carl Czerny piano etudes in Türkiye. The studies examined in this study were categorized according to their types, years, research methods and subjects. The data were obtained by document analysis method and a total of 13 articles and 7 master's theses were reached. Frequency and percentage calculations of the analyzed studies were made and the data obtained were shown in the relevant tables. According to the results of the research, the number of articles is higher than theses in terms of research type. The most research was conducted in 2020 and after. The most commonly used method in research is the descriptive method. Most research was conducted on the subjects of examining etudes and analyzing etudes.

CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP: CHARACTERISTICS, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Müslüm EFLATUN — 2026-01-30

In today's business environment, many measures are taken to increase the efficiency of the organisation and many new methods are used in this regard. Undoubtedly, leadership has a significant impact on organisations. The success of the members of the organisation, and therefore the success of the leader who manages the organisation, is needed for the organisation to reach its goals, to increase the total profit and to increase the collective interest of the organisation. The management approaches of leaders are also shaped according to the characteristics of the leader. Charismatic leadership is one of the mentioned management approaches. While some studies associate charismatic leadership with the concept of self (Shamir, et al., 1993), some studies argue that charismatic leadership is completely related to the perceptions of followers (Antonakis et al., 2016, Baur et al., 2016). While some researchers focus on the positive aspects of charismatic leadership (Jung & Sosik, 2006), others draw attention to its negative aspects (DeCelles & Pfarrer, 2004). As such, it is essential to examine charismatic leadership in all its aspects in order to understand the subject. This study, which was carried out using qualitative methods, is a descriptive research carried out in order to contribute to the literature on charismatic leadership and to be a source for future studies. The study is concluded with evaluations and suggestions regarding the concept of charismatic leadership.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN NATURE AND TECHNOLOGY IN DONNA HARAWAY'S PHILOSOPHY

İrem USMAN ÖZTÜRK — 2026-01-30

Donna Haraway's philosophy offers a radical perspective that questions the relationships between humans, nature and technology. Haraway transcends the limits of anthropocentric thought, emphasizing the permeable relations between human and non-human beings. Her cyborg metaphor blurs the boundaries between machine and organism, challenging dichotomic conceptions of culture and nature. With the concept of “sympoiesis”, she draws attention to the importance of co-creation, suggesting that no entity exists on its own, but is in constant interaction and transformation. Haraway's “Chthulucene” concept proposes a multi-species model of solidarity and symbiosis against the destructive effects of the Anthropocene and Capitalocene. This approach encourages a harmonious human relationship with nature and a sense of responsibility to rebuild the world. Haraway's philosophy presents a radical ethics and ontology for a sustainable future through the story of Camille. In this context, Haraway's philosophy is not so much a utopia as a radical call to responsibility for the current crises: to learn to co-exist with the world, not just own it.

TENDENCY TOWARD SUBSTANCE USE IN ANXIETY DISORDERS

Kardelen ÇİÇEKErcümend ERSANLI — 2026-01-30

This study explores the intricate relationship between anxiety disorders and substance use, aiming to analyze the interactions between these two issues and contribute to the development of preventive strategies. The findings indicate that biological, psychological, and environmental factors, alongside individual elements like social anxiety, stress, and loneliness, play a significant role in driving individuals toward substance use. Social pressure and curiosity, particularly among young individuals, emerge as critical contributors to increased substance use risk. The research addresses both the individual and societal dimensions of addiction cycles, highlighting not only the mental and physical health impacts on the individual but also the broader social consequences. The findings reveal that individuals with substance use disorders are at a higher risk of developing anxiety disorders, with depression being commonly observed among this group. This correlation increases the likelihood of individuals turning to substance use as a coping mechanism to mitigate anxiety levels. The importance of this study lies in its emphasis on understanding the connection between anxiety disorders and substance use, which is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. Early diagnosis and preventive approaches could deter individuals from addiction. Recommendations based on the study's results include strengthening social support systems, incorporating substance use prevention content into educational curricula, and designing targeted therapeutic interventions for youth and adolescents. This research underscores the need for more comprehensive interdisciplinary studies to better understand the biological, environmental, and psychological factors that heighten the risk of addiction. The findings highlight the necessity of focusing not only on treatment but also on prevention and rehabilitation processes in combating substance addiction.

HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: READINESS AND RECOGNITION LEVELS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES LESSON

Mustafa SERTFatma SERT ,Ebru ERCİYAS ADANIR — 2026-01-30

This study aims to determine the readiness levels of senior primary school students for the social studies course and their knowledge levels about important figures of Turkish history. The research was carried out within the framework of the descriptive research model and quantitative data collection method was used to objectively measure the knowledge levels of the students. The sample of the study consists of senior primary school students between the ages of 9-11, studying in public schools in different districts within the province. The data collection process was carried out in the classroom under the supervision of the teacher and on the basis of voluntary participation; the students' answers to the survey questions were classified as correct, incorrect and blank. In the analysis of the data, the results were evaluated using percentage distributions, central tendency measures and graphical representations. Research findings have shown that the historical figures that students know most are those who frequently appear in educational materials and popular culture. While Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Fatih Sultan Mehmed have the highest recognition rates; it has been observed that figures such as Metehan and Satuk Buğra Han are less well-known. This situation reveals that historical figures should be addressed in a more balanced and comprehensive manner in educational materials and teaching processes. The results of the study provide important information for educators and curriculum developers by providing suggestions for improving history education.

RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS 4-6 AGE QURAN COURSE PROGRAM WITH CATECHISTS’ EYE

Ruveyda DURMUŞ — 2026-01-30

Preschool education significantly influences children's learning abilities and future development, including their religious views. Since 2013, "Qur'an courses for 4-6-year-olds" have been implemented in this context. This study examines the opinions of Diyanet's 4-6-year-old Qur'an course catechists regarding program applicability, access to materials, and the positive or challenging aspects of their profession. Using a holistic case study design and qualitative methods, six catechists participated in a focus group interview. Data analysis was conducted with NVivo, including coding, thematic organization, and interpretation. Findings indicate that abstract concepts are manageable for 5-year-olds but challenging for 4-year-olds, making classroom application difficult. Catechists suggested adapting the program based on children's ages and developing separate Qur'an programs for 4- and 5-year-olds. Regarding content, catechists highlighted the absence of materials aligned with children’s cognitive and motor development. They noted that children often begin primary school without necessary skills, recommending program revisions to address these gaps. While access to materials varied by district and parental income, participants generally reported no significant challenges. Catechists expressed joy in working with children and teaching religious values but felt the weight of their responsibilities. They emphasized the need for program adjustments to better suit young learners' developmental needs.

DETERMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGITAL HEALTH LITERACY AND SMARTPHONE ADDICTION OF STUDENTS STUDYING IN A DISTRICT AFFILIATED TO A UNIVERSITY IN TURKIYE

Hatun ERKURANYunus Emre AKAN — 2026-01-30

This research aims to determine the digital health literacy and smartphone retention of students studying in a district affiliated with a university in Türkiye. The population of the study consists of students enrolled in Vocational Schools and Vocational High Schools affiliated with a university located in a district during the 2023-2024 academic year. The sample of the study consists of 517 students who voluntarily participated. Data were collected through a literature review conducted by the researchers, using the Socio-Demographic Information Form, Digital Health Literacy Scale (DHLS), and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). The research link, created via Google Forms, was shared with the students in a digital environment, and they were invited to participate in the study. The data obtained from the research were evaluated using the SPSS 27 (Statistical Program for Social Sciences) package by the researchers, and the statistical analysis was performed using percentage calculation, mean, standard deviation, MANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, and Simple Linear Regression Analysis. The average age of the students participating in the study was found to be 20.78, with 72.3% being female. Students scored high on the subscales of the Digital Health Literacy Scale in navigation skills, content creation, and privacy protection; their scores were moderate in information seeking, evaluating reliability, and determining interest level. The mean and standard deviation of the scores obtained from the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version were 26.96±12.09, indicating that the scores were below the average that could be obtained. A low-level negative significant relationship was found between SAS-SV scores and the scores for information seeking (p<0.01), evaluating reliability (p<0.01), determining interest level (p<0.01), navigation skills (p<0.01), content creation (p<0.01), and privacy protection (p<0.01). The study findings indicate that as smartphone addiction increases, digital health literacy decreases.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GROUP LESSONS COMPARED TO INDIVIDUAL LESSONS IN PIANO EDUCATION

Buket YILMAZVerda KARAÇİL CERİT — 2026-01-30

The aim of this research is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of group lessons compared to individual lessons in piano education. This study employs a qualitative research method. Piano education aims to develop students' musical abilities while also providing opportunities to enhance various skills. It allows students to learn fundamental musical concepts such as music theory, sight-reading, and rhythm, while improving hand and finger coordination. This educational process can be conducted through group or individual piano lessons, offering students diverse learning experiences. Group piano lessons are conducted in a classroom setting with several students following a curriculum determined by the teacher. It has been observed that group piano lessons increase competition, collaboration, and motivation among students. Additionally, they contribute to the development of social skills, strengthen musical communication, and offer a broader repertoire in practice sessions. However, group lessons can lead to distractions due to the presence of multiple students, less focus on individual needs, varied progress rates among students, and potential conflicts. Furthermore, teachers may face challenges in dedicating sufficient time to each student. In contrast, individual lessons provide a longer time frame and a teacher's undivided attention to a single student. These lessons are conducted between one teacher and one student, following a curriculum tailored by the teacher. Individual piano lessons are found to offer personalized feedback and teaching opportunities, enabling faster and more effective development of technical skills. Students receive the teacher's full attention and personalized feedback, and the curriculum can be better aligned with their interests and goals. In conclusion, both group and individual piano lessons have their unique advantages and disadvantages. Determining the appropriate method based on the student's needs is concluded to be the most suitable approach.

MAKING A FIGURE WIHT SUGAR DOUHGT: SAMPLE WORKSHOP

Gamze GÜDEREda GÜNEŞ — 2026-01-30

Throughout history, flour was obtained from grains, and various desserts and cakes were made by adding fruit, honey, sugar, nuts and water to the flour. These desserts and cakes, which people use for celebration purposes on their special days, have turned into visual feasts over time and have been shaped according to their desire for innovation. Sugar paste and figures are at the forefront in terms of visuality. In this study, first of all, important developments in the history of pastry are given chronologically. Some examples of sugar paste that people use to decorate their cakes are given, and figure making is explained through an example of a figure made from sugar dough. In addition, the tools used when making the figures are also mentioned respectively.

REVIEW OF MASTER'S, PHD AND MEDICAL EXPERTISE THESES WRITTEN IN THE FIELD OF PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT

Cevahir Selen GÖKÇEÖmer Bilgehan SONSEL — 2026-01-30

Occupational burnout is a condition that is frequently encountered in business life and negatively affects both the professional and personal life of the individual. This situation, which occurs due to reasons such as continuous stress, high workload, lack of motivation, reduces the individual's interest, energy and productivity towards his/her job. In this study, postgraduate theses written in the field of occupational burnout in Turkey were examined and 410 theses open to access were analyzed in terms of different variables. The sample of the study was limited to theses completed at the master's, doctoral and medical specialty level, which were registered with the Thesis Documentation Center of the Council of Higher Education. In the study, the postgraduate theses written in the field of occupational burnout were examined in terms of their distribution according to universities, their types, their distribution according to the years they were written, their distribution according to the research methods and data collection tools used, and their distribution according to sample groups, and the results were aimed to bring together the postgraduate theses in the field of occupational burnout and to serve as a source for future studies. This research is a qualitative study and document analysis was used to collect the data. Frequency (f) and percentage (%) were used in the analysis of the data and the results were shown in the relevant tables. As a result of the research, it was concluded that most of the postgraduate theses written in the field of occupational burnout were master's theses, most of the studies were conducted at Gazi University, most of the studies were completed in 2023, quantitative research methods were used in the studies, questionnaires were preferred as the data collection tool and extrapolate mostly teachers were studied as the sample.

GRANDFATHERHOOD: A STUDY ON HARABATI BABA TEKKE MUSIC

Veli Doğan YAZĞILI — 2026-01-30

The aim of this study is to examine the musical tradition of the Harabati Baba Tekke in Kalkandelen and its multi-layered relationship with the Bektashi order and regional culture. Tekke music has not only been a part of religious rituals but also has undertaken an important function as a cultural expression that strengthens social solidarity. This musical structure, which takes shape within the Bektashi belief system and ritual practices, has played an important role in the construction of both religious identity and social belonging throughout history. This study, based on various studies in the literature and the literature, examines how tekke music has transformed from the past to the present, the social effects of this transformation, and the value of music as a cultural heritage. The findings reveal that the Harabati Baba Tekke musical tradition is not only a belief practice but also a central element in the formation and preservation of local identity. In this respect, tekke music is considered an important heritage that must be protected and passed on to future generations in order to ensure cultural continuity.

CINEMA AND MYTHOLOGY: AN ANALYSIS ON THE FILM “THREE BILLBOARDS OUTSIDE EBBING, MISSOURI”

Hande TOPLU — 2026-01-30

Mythology consists of stories describing the creation of the universe, gods, and human beings, as well as depicting wars, natural cycles, and the characteristics of various characters. These stories enable individuals to connect with mythological characters and create a bond between mythology and humanity by explaining human behavior through gods and goddesses. Battles and events in mythology contribute to an individual’s understanding of the purpose of life. Cinema is an important tool that brings mythological stories to the masses. The representation of mythological characters in films allows the audience to identify with these characters and make sense of their own lives. In this case, the relationship between mythology and individual behavior comes to the forefront. This study aims to highlight the relationship between mythology and cinema, a modern narrative medium, by concretizing the similarities between the mythological story of Demeter's daughter Persephone's abduction and the characters and plot of the film Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri. This study is significant in examining how mythological stories are conveyed to a wide audience through cinema and analyzing the impact of these mythological characters on modern individuals. In the study, the descriptive analysis method was used to thoroughly present the mythological events, themes, and characteristics of the characters. It has been concluded that the film Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is influenced by mythology in terms of its characters, dialogues, and plot development. Therefore, mythology and cinema are interconnected, and viewers can define their own identities through the identification they experience while watching the film.

THE POLITICIZATION OF SPACE: THE EXAMPLES OF BEYOND THE HILL AND IVY

Özgenur ŞAHİNBurak MEDİN — 2026-01-30

The fictional world is built upon spaces, and the narrative of the film is presented to the audience through these spaces. Space, as one of the elements of cinema, encompasses the fundamental ideology of the film narrative. In this sense, the constructed communication space becomes an important agent in the transmission of meaning, rather than merely being a set decoration. At this point, a relational connection develops between space and ideological meaning. Thus, analyzing cinematic space allows us to access the political and ideological meanings inherent in the language of film. Based on this, this study focuses on space in Turkish cinema after 2000. It is observed that the cinematic spaces created during this period convey a political discourse and establish political subtexts. In line with the belief that the design and language of space are crucial in conveying the director's ideology and that it is an area that needs to be explored, this study aims to determine whether cinematic space in Turkish cinema after 2000 is used for political purposes. “Beyond the Hill” (Alper, 2012) and “Ivy” (Karaçelik, 2015) films are taken as the objects of this study, utilizing the purposive sampling technique. In this study that employs a qualitative approach, the mentioned films are analyzed within the scope of critical discourse analysis. The study aims to understand whether the constructed micro spaces in these films refer to macro spaces and whether the designed small cinematic universes correspond to larger political structures.