The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2024 Issue 153

INVESTIGATION OF ATTITUDES OF GEOMETRY IN TERMS OF GENDER, CLASS LEVEL, MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT, AND PARENTAL EDUCATION STATUS

Sena YILDIZYasemin KATRANCI — 2026-01-30

In this research, first, it was aimed to determine how and at what level of attitudes towards geometry. Additionally, it was examined whether these attitudes differed significantly according to various variables (gender, grade level, mathematics achievement, and parenthal education status). Accordingly, it was a survey study and was conducted with 383 middle school students. Demographic Information Form and Attitude Scale towards Geometry were data collection tools. In addition to descriptive statistics, data was analyzed with parametric techniques. According to analysis, it was concluded that middle school students' attitudes towards geometry were at a moderate level. There is a statistically significant difference among middle school students’ attitudes toward geometry based on their grade leels, and 5^th grade students have the highest score of attitudes toward geometry. In attiditon this, the geometry attitudes of students do not show significant difference according to gender, mathematics achievement, and parenthal education status.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND SERVANT LEADERSHIP AWARENESS RESEARCH: YAHŞIHAN MUNICIPALITY EXAMPLE

Recep YÜCELŞebnem YÜCEL ,Erhan KILINÇ — 2026-01-30

On the basis of public services, municipalities are challenged to react quickly and effectively to the needs of the society. In other words, municipalities serve as a social engine for social services.Therefore, the emotional intelligence levels and servant leadership perceptions of municipal employees come to the fore in terms of the performance of municipalities. Based on these general views, the aim of the study is to reveal the differences in the emotional intelligence levels and servant leadership perceptions of municipal employees before and after the training. The population of the research consists of employees in Yahşihan municipality. The sample of the research consists of 46 municipal employees who participated in the training voluntarily and were selected through convenience sampling. As the first scale in the research, the emotional intelligence scale, developed by Lee and Kwak (2012), whose source was the study of Mayer and Salovey (1997), and validated into Turkish by Kayıhan and Arslan (2016), was used. As the second scale, the Servant Leadership Scale, whose sources were created by Dennis and Winston (2003), Page and Wong (2000) and whose Turkish validity was made by Aslan and Özata (2011), was used. In this study, pre-test and post-test were applied to the participants to examine their awareness. As a result of the research, the rate of people who can understand the emotions of others is high. Participants stated that they tried to manage their emotions by being alone, doing breathing exercises, getting away from the environment, listening to music and staying calm. According to the participants, the dominant view was that the leader should be a servant leader. Moreover, another result of the research was that, except for one question, questions regarding servant leadership perception did not show a significant difference between before and after the training.

SOCIAL CRITICISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE HERO IN TURKISH COMEDY CINEMA

Pınar ÖZGÖKBEL BİLİSAli Emre BİLİS — 2026-01-30

One of the most important genres of Turkish cinema is comedy. Comedy films, which ensure the continuation of the comedy tradition in Turkish theater in cinema, have always been sensitive to social change and transformation. When we look at the history of Turkish cinema, in comedy films; migration, urbanization, modernization, marginalization, etc. It is seen that there is a critical discourse against many social and political issues, especially issues such as. Considering the change of society over time, it can be said that the themes of comedy cinema, which reflects life, have also changed. This study aims to reveal social change and the critical discourse built in comedy films in this context, from the perspective of the prominent heroes in Turkish comedy cinema. In this context, the period from the 1970s, when the heyday of the comedy genre in Turkish cinema was experienced, to the present day was determined as the main analysis section of the study. Films shot between these dates and containing social criticism constitute the research universe of the study. A suitable sample was taken within this universe and comedy movie heroes played by Kemal Sunal, Cem Yılmaz and Şahan Gökbakar were included in the scope of analysis. In the study, data was collected using descriptive content analysis, one of the qualitative methods. Accordingly, concepts and themes that will reveal the perspective of comedy movie heroes have been determined. According to the findings obtained as a result of the analysis, Kemal Sunal's various characters are education problems, financial difficulties, high cost of living, homelessness, tree system, etc. Has a critical approach to issues such as. The Arif and Recep Ivedik characters of Cem Yılmaz and Şahan Gökbakar, who represent the recent period, are characterized by corruption, insensitivity, unconsciousness, alienation, wild capitalism, negative effects of the media, etc. It has been determined that he criticizes society and the system on issues such as.

MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF BRANDS IN TERMS OF PHIGITALISM & METAVERSE

Gonca UNCU — 2026-01-30

The Metaverse is a vast digital universe combined with virtual and augmented reality. In this universe, brands have the potential to create new opportunities and experiences by going beyond traditional marketing and interaction methods. With the developing technological age, brands are experiencing a transformation towards digitalization in many areas. The emergence of Web 3.0 has made the use of virtual environments widespread. Therefore, it has become necessary for brands to adapt to this virtual age. With the Metaverse universe, consumers are offered an augmented virtual reality experience, and users can meet their social needs by spending time in this virtual universe. Brands are represented in the virtual universe through avatars, digital products and virtual spaces. With these virtual assets, brands can express themselves and strengthen their brand image. With virtual and augmented reality applications, brands strengthen the user experience in the metaverse. At the same time, these experiences create new brand stories. Brands thus aim to integrate themselves into the digital world by conducting advertising and promotional activities in the Metaverse universe. Therefore, brands need to adapt to innovation and take steps that are the pioneers of the digital age in terms of their reputation and image. The representations of the global brands discussed in this research in the Metaverse universe will be examined in the context of digital marketing and advertising studies and their use of avatars in the virtual universe.

SKILL OF THE AGE: DIGITAL LITERACY AND SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHER CANDIDATES

Tuba ŞENGÜL BİRCANKevser AYDIN — 2026-01-30

The changing world and needs have diversified literacy skills and brought digital literacy to the fore as an indispensable element of the age. As a result, it has become a necessity to train teacher candidates, who are the future of learning and teaching, in new generation skills. For this reason, the digital literacy levels of social studies teacher candidates were examined in the study. The research is a mixed methods study in which qualitative and quantitative approaches are used together. Phenomenology was used in the qualitative part of the study, and descriptive survey designs were used in the quantitative part. A scale organized by the researchers was used to collect the study data. In one part of the scale, the items of the 17-item digital literacy survey adapted to Turkish by Hamutoğlu vd. (2017) were used. Research data were collected in two ways, face to face and by e-mail, and the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and descriptive scanning techniques. According to the study findings; It was concluded that social studies teacher candidates were able to define digital literacy, the majority of the definitions were based on experience, and the digital literacy level of the teacher candidates was scored as high. In addition, in the gender comparison of social studies teacher candidates, male candidates; In the comparison of computer ownership, those who own a computer; At the grade level, the digital literacy level of graduate candidates showed a significant difference compared to others.

THE CHANGE IN MUSIC CONSUMPTION FROM ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL

Cihan TABAKMuhammed İzzet AÇIKYILDIZ — 2026-01-30

This research explores the historical evolution of music consumption and how it has been influenced by analogue formats such as records, cassettes, and radio. It also examines the impact of binary coding formats applied to audio files and the internet on music distribution. The rise of streaming services and online music platforms has significantly changed the music industry. This research addresses the legal and ethical issues that have emerged in the digital age regarding music monetisation, user experience, and accessibility. This research addresses the legal and ethical issues that have emerged in the digital age regarding music monetisation, user experience, and accessibility. This research addresses the legal and ethical issues that have emerged in the digital age regarding music monetisation, user experience, and accessibility. It discusses copyright issues, debates surrounding artist compensation, and concerns about privacy and data security. The challenges faced by today’s music industry are also explored. This framework analyses in detail the impact of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality, on music consumption models and the changes in the industry.

BRIDAL SHOES AND SLIPPERS AS A REFLECTION OF OTTOMAN EMBROIDERY ART (EXAMPLES FROM THE ANKARA ETHNOGRAPHY MUSEUM)

Demet ÖRNEKMelike KILIÇAY — 2026-01-30

Shoes and slippers, which emerged to protect feet from external effects, are important clothing items that have developed throughout history. Created using various materials, primarily leather, shoes and slippers are preserved and exhibited in museums today due to their cultural significance. In social life, bridal shoes and slippers, which complete the outfits and accessories used in significant events such as henna and wedding ceremonies, are among the most important items. Bridal slippers and shoes attract attention with their embroidery, strikingly colored leather, and satin coverings, playing a role in the cultural evaluation of social differences. This study examines the bridal shoes and slippers on display at the Ankara Ethnography Museum. Of the 11 examples in question, 5 are bridal slippers, and 6 are bridal shoes. These bridal shoes and slippers from the late Ottoman period stand out with their materials, motifs, compositions, embroidery techniques, and colors. Furthermore, they demonstrate the application of glittery and sequined fabrics, which are part of traditional Ottoman handicrafts, in slippers and shoes. It is understood that these accessories, complementing the bridal gown, are designed to be as magnificent and meticulous as the gown itself.

OVERVIEW OF TORU TAKEMITSU'S MUSICAL LANGUAGE AND ITS CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS

Mert ALTUNTAŞKoray SAZLI — 2026-01-30

The focal point of this study is on the musical language and its characteristic elements of Toru Takemitsu (1930-1996), one of the most important composers of the 20th century. In order to understand more clearly how the composer's musical perception has undergone changes, important events and developments in his life are included. Takemitsu was influenced by many 20th century movements and artistic thoughts, and was inspired by many contemporary musicians and artists. He has produced a wide variety of works throughout his life and reflected these influences in his works. Takemitsu occasionally explained how and in which direction he was affected by these changes in various interviews and writings. With this study, it is aimed to clarify the important developments and events that changed his musical and artistic perception in line with the composer's explanations, descriptions and metaphors by emphasising the effects and characteristic elements in his musical language.

AN AUTOETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF EXPERIENCING SECONDARY TRAUMA WHILE WORKING WITH WAR-AFFECTED CHILDREN

Fatma AYSAZCI ÇAKAR — 2026-01-30

This study is an autoethnographic research aimed at exploring the researcher’s experience of secondary trauma while working with Syrian children affected by war. This qualitative research was rooted in the researcher’s personal and professional life experiences, and it delves into the challenges faced during the researcher’s work with these children in a social service setting in Turkiye. Data were gathered from the researcher’s personal notes, reflecting the experiences of secondary trauma. Additionally, to gain deeper insights into the professional dimension of secondary trauma, the life stories of two Syrian children affected by war, with whom the researcher worked as a counselor, were included, and analyzed. In summary, the autoethnographic exploration of the researcher’s experience of secondary trauma reshaped the understanding of the reality as both a researcher and a clinician, altering the meaning of the researcher’s self-perception in these roles

MENTAL VERBS IN NEW UYGUR TURKISH

Kadir KOÇ — 2026-01-30

The word mental, in its most general definition, means something related to the mind. Language is the best proof that humans are creatures that can think abstractly. This abstract thinking skill is reflected in the elements of language depending on human life experience on earth. Mental verbs consist of sensation-perception-reaction stages. The reaction can be observed externally or can only manifest in the mind of the person being stimulated. Mental verbs have attracted the attention of medical science, especially psychiatry, for many years and quantitative research has been conducted. In recent years, linguists have been working on mental verbs both in theses and articles. The sophistication of a language can be evaluated by its ability to represent abstract concepts. Turkish is an advanced language in terms of meeting abstract concepts. In this study, menta verbs in New Uyghur Turkish, one of the Karluk Group Turkish dialects, were examined. Yeni Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü, Türkçe-Uygurca Sözlük and Yeni Uygur Türkçesi Grameri was used to determine mental verbs. Mental verbs in New Uyghur Turkish; It is divided into three main headings: sense verbs, perception verbs and emotional verbs. The aim of this study is to contribute to the detection of mental verbs in New Uyghur Turkish and to reveal the ability of Turkish to meet abstract concepts with qualitative data.

MOTION-SPACE-SOUND PATTERN OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE MOVIE STAGE

Kadriye Şehnaz CAMCIPelin YILDIZ — 2026-01-30

In this article, the relationship between the atmosphere felt on a cinema stage and the space at the design level is discussed. In other words, the role of the film location in the construction of the film emotion has been investigated. In addition to its concrete features, the space also has an intangible feature, such as giving the person an emotional state and involving him in associations This intangible feature is defined as the atmosphere, spirit or emotion of the space.The atmosphere felt through body experience in the architectural space is also felt by watching the spaces shown in movies. The spaces shown as a basis for the emotion of the film are designed to suit the atmosphere of the film. The space design here was chosen as the research object of the study. “How are the spaces in cinema scenes designed to match the atmosphere or emotion?” The question constitutes the starting point of the research. Based on the question, a scene from two selected films, The Fall and The Grand Budapest Hotel, was analyzed. The movement-space-sound relationship developed specifically for the study was used as a basis within the scope of common and interrelated techniques of architecture and cinema. The space was handled with a holistic approach. It has been concluded that the camera and actor movements and sound elements in the cinema scene create a pattern with the space and work synchronously.

ON THE USE OF INTERTEXTUALITY IN DOCUMENTARY CINEMA: THE EXAMPLE OF THE BEFORE THE FLOOD FILM

Ahmet Haluk MANAV — 2026-01-30

Documentary cinema, which is one of the three principal genres of cinema along with fictional and experimental genres, has been divided into different subgenres by researchers according to different criteria throughout its historical development. In this sense, film theorist Bill Nichols, in his book Introduction to Documentary, divided documentary cinema into six modes that function as their own subgenres. In the explanatory mode, which is one of these modes, illustrations or photographs and archive images, which are indexical images, can be used to prove the claims in the documentary. Literary theorist Julia Kristeva calls all kinds of relationships between a text and other texts intertextuality. Postmodern philosopher Roland Barthes, in his article "Theory of the Text", expanded the scope of intertextuality by not limiting the concept of text only to literature. When considered in this context, the mentioned features of Bill Nichols' explanatory mode have led documentary cinema to use intertextuality, which can also be considered as the reading/analysis method of the postmodern period. In this study, the film of Before the Flood, which was demonstrated by the findings of the research to have an explanatory style, was selected as purposive sampling. In the study, which is a qualitative research, document analysis was preferred as the data collection method and descriptive analysis method was preferred in the analysis of the data obtained. With the findings obtained, it is aimed to reveal how intertextual relations are used in the film of Before the Flood in a way that includes different forms of art.

EXAMINATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CLASSROOM TEACHERS' OPINIONS ON TRADITIONAL CHILDREN'S GAMES

Ayşe Melike DEREMuhammet Ü. ÖZTABAK — 2026-01-30

It is known that games have existed since the dawn of human history. When looked at through the timeline, various games are being carried into our society by children. All of these, transferred from generation to generation, have given rise to the "Turkish Children's Games Tradition." The transfer of traditional games to school environments, their implementation, and preservation are deemed crucial for future generations. This study aims to examine the views of primary school teachers on traditional children's games. The case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was employed in the research. The research group consists of 10 primary school teachers (2 male, 8 female) from a state school in the Bayrampaşa district of Istanbul. The research group was determined through purposive sampling technique. Data in the research were collected using a semi-structured interview form consisting of seven questions. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the obtained data. According to the research results, it is concluded that many traditional children's games are still being used today, playing a significant role in cultural transmission when implemented in schools, contributing to development in various areas, especially physical and mental, and that blending traditional games and integrating them into the present can meet the needs of the current generation.

EVALUATION OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS OF DRUG ADDICTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EXPERTS

Sena ÜZÜMCÜMuhammet Ü. ÖZTABAK — 2026-01-30

Drug addiction is a critical condition that threatens an individual's life in all aspects. The ongoing increase in substance use, particularly among youth and children who constitute the most vulnerable group, poses a significant threat in the present day. This study aims to comprehend the personality traits and behavioral patterns of drug addicts, identify personal and behavioral characteristics that may predispose individuals to addiction, and determine preventive measures. A total of 10 experts were interviewed in the study, with semi-structured interviews conducted, involving 8 questions for each expert. Content analysis was employed to deeply analyze responses, form themes, and identify patterns. Through the analysis, 8 themes were obtained and examined individually. It was observed that addicts exhibited impulsive, introverted, aggressive, and disconnected behaviors as behavioral characteristics. Regarding personality structure, individuals with addictive and antisocial tendencies were found to be more prone to substance addiction. All findings were discussed and various recommendations were provided in line with the literature.

DETERMINING THE PERSPECTIVES OF STUDENTS STUDYING IN ANATOLIAN RELIGIOUS HIGH SCHOOLS TOWARDS THE CONCEPT OF ENGLISH AND ARABIC COURSES

Fatma ALKANSinan YALÇIN — 2026-01-30

The aim of this study is to compare the perceptions of students studying in Anatolian religious high schools in Erzincan province towards English and Arabic courses, which are the two foreign languages they take as a course, and to determine the possible results. The research was designed in a phenomenological design in qualitative research method. The study group of the research consists of 10th, 11th and 12th grade students studying in Erzincan Anatolian religious high school in the 2023-2024 academic year. According to the results obtained, students' interest, sympathy and desire to learn English course is much higher than Arabic course, they can take Arabic course in middle school at the earliest, and some students do not go to imam hatip middle school and take the course only at high school level, their unfamiliarity with the course, different Arabic letters and spelling may have triggered students' negative thoughts. On the other hand, it has been determined that the number of students who love and respect Arabic by integrating it with the religion of Islam and enjoy having it as a course is not small. It can be concluded that teaching Arabic at an earlier age may lead to an increase in sympathy for the course. For the English course, it can be concluded that the fact that the course is given to students from an early age, that it is a universal language, that its popularity is high, and that most of the materials such as books, movies and music that attract the attention of young people are in this language increases the sympathy for the language.

INVESTIGATION OF 8TH GRADE STUDENTS' TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS THAT THEY TAKE AS ROLE MODELS

Emine ÖZTÜRKMuhammet Übeydullah ÖZTABAK — 2026-01-30

The aim of this study is to examine the teacher characteristics that 8th-grade students consider as role models. Content analysis, a qualitative research method, was employed in the study. The research data were obtained through individual interviews with 8th-grade students attending a public middle school in Sultangazi district, Istanbul. Data collection involved one-on-one interviews with 15 students. According to the obtained data, the majority of students expressed that they consider positive personality traits in their teachers as role models. Effective communication skills are one of the characteristics that students pay most attention to in teachers. Additionally, teachers' involvement in extracurricular activities and sharing these in the classroom environment attracts students' attention. It was found that teacher gender is not important in role modeling. Most students stated that they focused on teacher behavior, regardless of gender. With this study, the importance of teacher characteristics in terms of the identity development of 8th grade students was emphasized and evaluated in the light of the literature.

SOCIAL EFFECTS OF JARGON DEVELOPED BY CULTURES AND SUB-CULTURES

Musa BİLİKEbru SES — 2026-01-30

Culture; It is a set of material and spiritual values that affect individuals' lifestyles, personal identity and relationships. Through culture, the distinctive characteristics of any race, class, society, group or nation emerge. Culture, which can give identities and roles to individuals within a society, also provides the individual with a sense of rootedness, effortless communication, a structured moral life and ease of mutual understanding. With modernization and globalization, various cultures have interacted in a society. In addition to this diversity and differentiation, subcultures representing social groups have also emerged. Any subculture appeals to a certain audience, regardless of the existing culture and regardless of racial categorizations. In this context, socio-cultural linguistics; By looking at the jargon used by a subculture, it determines their identities, needs, affiliations and commitments, perspectives and ethical values. In this study, Hippies, which are defined as a subculture and emerged in the United States in the 1960s, and Punks and Apaches, which can be considered as its later components, are discussed; An in-depth analysis of the jargon used by individuals belonging to these groups and defined as their characterizations was conducted. In this context, this study aims to reveal culture, the jargon developed by the emergence of sub-cultures, and the effects of this jargon on society in the context of sociolinguistics.

MIDDLE INCOME TRAP IN BRICS-T COUNTRIES AND TURKIYE'S EXIT STRATEGIES FROM MIDDLE INCOME TRAP: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Miraç Fatih İLGÜNHüseyin USLU — 2026-01-30

The increasing disparities in welfare between advanced countries and developing ones over time lead to the frequent discussion of and focus on the concept of the middle-income trap. Essentially, the middle-income trap is a significant barrier encountered by countries in their economic growth process. Many economies can transition from low-income to middle-income status, but may struggle to reach the level of high-income countries. The main objective of this study is to examine the phenomenon of the middle-income trap from the perspective of BRICS-T (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey) countries and to investigate the economic, human, and institutional determinants of the middle-income trap, particularly using annual data from the period 1991-2021 through panel data analysis methods. In this context, first, cross-sectional dependence and homogeneity tests of the series were conducted, followed by examinations of series stationarity using MADF and CIPS panel unit root tests. Cointegration relationships among the series were explored using Pedroni-Kao and Westerlund panel cointegration methods. The panel cointegration coefficient estimators among the series were estimated using the DOLSMG method, which considers the heterogeneity of long-term parameters and cross-sectional dependence. Causality relationships among the series were examined using the Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test. In the analyses, the results of panel cointegration tests indicated a cointegration relationship in Model 1, while for Model 2, it was concluded that this relationship was not clear. In the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality analysis results, in Model 1, a mutual causality relationship was found between per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and real effective exchange rate, gross capital formation, trade openness, and trade rate, while a one-way causality relationship from per capita GDP to inflation was observed. In the causality results for Model 2, a mutual causality relationship was found between per capita GDP and average life expectancy, working-age population ratio, fertility rate, property rights, civil liberties, and rule of law, while a one-way causality relationship from the political corruption index to per capita GDP was observed. In conclusion, it is important for BRICS-T countries to pursue supportive policies for these variables in order to escape the middle-income trap or avoid falling into it.

CREATIVITY IN CRITICAL UNDERSTANDING OF MUSIC: ALEXANDER SCHUBERT’S MUSICAL PRACTICE

Aslı KOBANER — 2026-01-30

This research aims to investigate the possibility of a critical music language in contemporary art music scenes through the concept of creativity. Under the light of related literature review, attention will be particularly focused on the diverse creative experiences of Alexander Schubert who managed to transgress normative standards and find his critical voice. By doing that, the paper aims to reveal the epistemological challenges inside academia in which it claims the necessity of an embodied and relational perspective that operates beyond binary oppositions. There has been a rising academic interest in creativity since the 1950s, predominately in sociology, psychology, and education. In the interest of “objective” evidence, cognitive sciences attempted to define and assess creativity by measuring the innovative processes of human minds. In the domain of music research, it has been mostly addressed in fields outside of composition, often connected with music psychology. Yet, the approaches in psychology mostly focused on the measurement of creativity rather than the creative acts of the individuals-failing to report the real-world experience of people-. So, this paper plans to pull this issue to composition and contemporary art music. With the introduction that induces a debate about the definitions and historical roots of creativity, the chronological development of the concept and its interrelations will be discussed. Its expansion from cognitive sciences to humanities and music will be briefly exemplified. After that, its connection with critical composition will be exhibited by the practice of Alexander Schubert, a prominent 21st-century composer and multi-media artist. Readings from cognitive sciences, musi- cology, critical studies, and sound studies will establish a historical gaze and pursuit of a contemporary epistemology that may incorporate a more extensive description and investigation of creativity.

MOBILE DEVICE DIGITAL COMPETENCY SCALE FOR GENERATION X

Filiz TUNATuğçe ŞENAY ,Nurbanu ERKOYUNCU — 2026-01-30

The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool for assessing X-ear people’s digital abilities on mobile devices. In the literature scan, item pool was created and then a draft scale of 45 articles was prepared using opinions of experts. Before the final application, a sample draft scale of 100 people was applied to calculate the sample size that was sufficient for the final implementation. Participants in the study were selected from public education centers and public employees by including as many different age and income groups as possible within the X-generation. The structure validity of the scale Exploratory Factor Analysis was tested using the Generalized Least Squares Method by Promax rotation. At the end of the analysis, it was seen that the scale had a two-factor structure. The factors are called Basic Skills and Security respectively. The correlations of the item test were examined as the proof of validity and found to have values in the range of 0.922 and 0.549. As the evidence of the internal consistency of the scale, the Cronbach Alpha value was computed as 0.963 for the entire scale, 0,968 for the first subdimension, 0.947 for the second subdimension, 0.965 in the former half and 0,943 in the second half. For the scale, the Spearman- brown equal distance coefficient is 0.826. Moreover, the Gutman two-half coefficient computed in the study is 0.800.

DATED 1255 A.H., NUMBER 3741, PROVINCE OF MOSUL, MOSUL EVALUATION OF THE CENTRAL DISTRICT POPULATION BOOK

Tarkan Ömer BANKUR — 2026-01-30

Population refers to the number of people living in a certain area during a certain period. Although the first census of the Ottoman Empire was conducted in the 15th and 16th centuries, II. It was carried out systematically during World War II, but not much was achieved. The census conducted in 1831 during the reign of Mahmud II is what we can call the first census of modern times. Since the main purpose of this census was to collect taxes and recruit soldiers, we do not have information about the exact population. Since then, population censuses, which have been conducted regularly, have changed over time and clearer results have begun to emerge today.In addition to providing information about population censuses, population registry books provide general information about neighborhoods, villages, professions and the lives of people living in these places. It is also an important factor used in determining existing income and resources and in addition to finding new income sources. Thus, population books are used not only in the census but also in obtaining information that is a source of statistical data. As a result, population books are of great importance in the development of the state in terms of social, economic and data.

CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE CONTEMPORARY REFLECTIONS OF THE DADA MOVEMENT: LYNTON AND LÉSPER'S APPROACH TO THE DUCHAMP TRADITION

Murat OĞUZ — 2026-01-30

In parallel with the developments in science and technology in the 19th century, radical changes took place in the field of art. Since the invention of the camera, new art styles have emerged than ever before and the traditional understanding of art has been turned upside down. This rupture divided art into two separate poles, with Matisse at one end and Duchamp at the other. While the Matisse way kept the codes of previous art within itself and moved art to a new area in the light of traditional art, the Duchamp way radically rejected all historical experiences and dragged art into a completely different area. Studies in this field have been difficult to understand because they are far from the traditional understanding of art, and have led to differences in interpretation among critics and theorists. The Duchamp way has sometimes been glorified and sometimes subjected to shocking criticism. In this study, the roots of the Dada movement, which was rise in the 19th century, the principles it represents, and the critical approaches to the Duchamp way are examined. This study, considered from the perspectives of Lynton and Lésper, aims to reveal a phenomenon regarding the new understanding of art created by Duchamp.

HISTORICAL VIEW AT WILLIAM WALTON’S VIOLA CONCERTO

Sabina AKHUNDOVABarış Kerem BAHAR — 2026-01-30

William Walton, who made an essential contribution to the viola repertoire with his viola concerto that he composed in the 20th century, also gained international fame with this work. This research was carried out to historically examine the William Walton viola concerto, which has such an important place among viola concertos. In the study, the documents obtained from the literature review were analyzed using the document analysis method. Since the character of a work is directly related to its composer and the period in which it was written, the research was designed to examine William Walton's biography and viola concerto. Walton's viola concerto was not appreciated in the early days when it was composed, and later on, it made a significant contribution to both himself and the viola. For this reason, it may be interesting for those doing research in the field of music. It is also essential to recognise the work of viola artists and viola students. As a result of the study, the critical place of Walton's viola concerto in the meaning of repertoire and the reasons for its popularity have been revealed with a careful analysis of written documents, books and research.

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN SOFTWARE PROJECTS

Zülal GÜVENMuhteşem BARAN — 2026-01-30

Today, information technologies are the subject of main works or support activities in all industrial fields. Strategies and goals in businesses are achieved through the use of information technologies and appropriate software. In this respect, software tools and software applications have a strategic position in both the public and private industry. These software activities in businesses are implemented by managing projects. Projects appear as the basic tool and method of doing business. The success of business goals is directly proportional to the success of these projects. Despite major advances in technology and software projects, the failure rate and risks in software projects are still high due to such difficulties. This situation causes serious costs and risks for organizations. Although many studies have been conducted on project success, a consensus has not yet been reached on the success factors and risks in software projects. Deep and comprehensive research is still needed in this field. Therefore, considering the importance of software projects and their presence in every aspect of life, as well as the light in this field in the literature, critical success factors in software projects have been researched that can be guiding for sector employees and increase the probability of success and project performance. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with volunteer employees of companies operating in Istanbul Teknokent and producing software projects. Factor structures were tested with confirmatory factor analyzes and reliability analysis was examined. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between project success and project success factors, and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors affecting project success. As a result of the analysis, it was understood that the most effective factors on project success were planning, control and communication factors.

STUDENT PERSPECTIVES ON ONLINE BAGLAMA (SAZ) EDUCATION

Veli Doğan YAZĞILI — 2026-01-30

This article examines the advantages of teaching baglama saz via Senkron education platforms. Today, the rise of digital technologies in the field of education has also affected music education. The use of Synchronous education platforms, especially for baglama, one of the traditional Turkish music instruments, offers various benefits for both teachers and students. In this study, in order to reveal the effectiveness of synchronous education platforms in baglama training, academic studies conducted between 2009 and 2010 were scanned through Google Scholar and the surveys conducted with students who participated in the 6-week synchronous baglama training were evaluated. The findings show the advantages that online platforms provide to context learning, such as flexibility, accessibility and interactive learning environment. In addition, the use of such educational tools provides students with the opportunity to receive education without time and space restrictions, while providing instructors with the opportunity to reach a wide range of students. As a result, Synchronous education platforms stand out as an efficient and effective method for teaching baglama, and this method promotes an innovative transformation in music education practices.

UTILISATION OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION IN HEALTH COMMUNICATION: AN EVALUATION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF HAND HYGIENE CAMPAIGN

Ozan Bilge MANTAR — 2026-01-30

In terms of health communication, visual communication materials are frequently used to promote desired behaviour and convey information. Particularly in campaigns aimed at maintaining public health through hand hygiene, these materials have become a commonly employed tool. One such material used in the health communication campaign conducted by the Ministry of Health to encourage the social practice of handwashing is the poster entitled “How Should We Wash Our Hands?” This poster was chosen due to its continued use in educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and public spaces, both in print and digitally, proving to be effective. In this study, the poster titled “How Should We Wash Our Hands?” prepared by the Ministry of Health at the national level to promote social handwashing behaviour is analysed from three different perspectives: visual design elements and principles, semiotics, and visual perception theories. Upon examination of the poster, it was determined that there is semantic confusion due to the intense use of blue and its shades, improper use of typography, and inadequacy in employing other design elements. Additionally, there are discrepancies between the intended message and the conveyed message using pictograms. Furthermore, it was found that technical/perceptual errors and deficiencies lead to a significant cognitive load on the individuals. However, it was acknowledged that the poster is successful in simply reminding handwashing behaviour through its title and visual representations. In conclusion, while the poster is found to be insufficient in terms of readability and comprehensibility, it is considered as potentially successful in terms of its reminder function regarding handwashing behaviour.