The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2024 Issue 151

THE ENCOUNTER OF CAPITAL AND PROVINCIAL STYLE OVER HAND-DRAWN ORNAMENTIONS IN VIRANŞEHIR: ESKİPAZAR SÖBÜÇİMEN MOSQUE, TAMIŞLAR VILLAGE ÖMER BEY and KIRANKÖY HALIM BEY HOUSES

Lütfiye GÖKTAŞ KAYA — 2026-07-16

Karabük province, located in the Western Black Sea Region, was a named Aktaş under the Viranşehir Sanjak centered on Safranbolu in the 19th century. Although the center of the sanjak changed from time to time, today's Eskipazar district is also within the borders of the sanjak. During the surveys in Eskipazar structures with hand-drawn on the walls were identified. The mosque in Söbüçimen Village, Ömer Bey House in Tamışlar Village and Halim Bey House in Kıranköy Neighborhood in the center of Eskipazar are the prominent examples when the intensity of the ornaments and their survival to the present day are evaluated. Söbüçimen Mosque has a rectangular plan close to square in the north-south direction. Built in masonry technique, the building is also an example of mosgues with village room encountered throughout encountered throughout Karabük. The walls of the mosque, which has wooden floor slabs and a wooden ceiling with beams covered from below, are decorated with hand-drawing. Although the original construction date of the ornaments is not known exactly, the paintings were painted over in 1951. Ömer Bey House in Tamışlar Village of Eskipazar is dated 1861 according to the inscription on the door. The house’s construction technique and plan typology similiar with 19th-20th century traditional Turkish houses. The single-storey building after the ground floor has a plan type with 4 corner rooms opening to the central hall. The walls and wooden ceiling of the central hall are decorated with pencil works. The south room is covered with a wooden boat ceiling. There are hand-drawing on wood on the ceiling and on plaster on the west wall and between the windows. The southeastern room, whose ceiling is made of wood in the cassette technique, has no hand-drawing. Halim Bey House is located in the center of Eskipazar in Kıranköy Neighborhood. In one of the rooms opening to the sofa, there are vases with flower bouquets in the panels between the windows. In these two buildings; kenger leaves, tassels, curtains, vases with two handles, flower bouquets coming out of these vases, and different types bird figures figures constitute the motif range. Medallions and cartouches of various shapes, which are sometimes left empty, sometimes contain inscriptions, which enriches the ornamentation program. In this study, Söbüçimen Mosque, Tamışlar Ömer Bey and Kıranköy Halim Bey Houses are discussed with their architectural plan features and their hand-drawn decorations are evaluated within the 19th century Ottoman culture and art environment. While the Söbüçimen Mosque was built by local craftsmen according to its stylistic features and shows the characteristics of provincial folk art, the hand-drawn of Ömer Bey and Halim Bey Houses are directly based on the capital style in terms of motifs and styles. When the reason for these two different styles is investigated, despite the fact that they were located in the same sanjak at the time, the iltizam system in the Ottoman period state administrative structure, the mütesellim system and the phenomenon of the ayans that emerged afterwards draw attention.

THE IMPACT OF FOOD NEOPHOBIA ON CAREER PREFERENCES AMONG GENERATION Z: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GASTRONOMY AND CULINARY ARTS STUDENTS AT OKU

Önder YAYLAFatma MARAZ — 2026-07-16

Food neophobia is a significant factor that influences individuals' food preferences and plays an important role in gastronomic psychology and eating behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of food neophobia on the career choices of Generation Z. An online survey was used to collect data from 141 participants using the convenience sampling method. Factor Analysis and Independent Sample T-test were used to analyze the data. The study found that female participants were less neophobic than male participants, GCA students were more open to innovation and more courageous in new food consumption than other department students, and Generation Z was less neophobic than Generation Y. The study also found that food neophobia affected students' career choices. The findings have important implications for gastronomic psychology and suggest the need for further research in this area.

KYRGYZ EPICS 11: IDIOMS OF THE WORK NAMED KURMANBEK

Ali TAN — 2026-07-16

Idioms are one of the culture-bearing elements of a nation. They arise from the nation's power to create words. They are words that are the property of the society, such as proverbs loaded with analogies and metaphors as the product of a sensitive and subtle thinking. When we look at the languages of the Turkic peoples who currently speak Turkic languages, it is seen that they have similar aspects in terms of phonetics, morphology, lexis and sentence knowledge, as well as some differences in terms of phonetics and morphology. There are currently more than 20 dialects of the Turkic language. One of these dialects is Kyrgyz Turkish, which is used in Kyrgyzstan, one of the independent Turkish republics. Epics, one of the oral products of Kyrgyz Turkish, are among the riches that preserve their importance as in other Turkic republics. Especially Manas epic is one of the longest epics of great importance in the world. In this study, Kurmanbek, one of the epics on heroism, which is also of great importance, was analyzed. This work, which is one of the works studied within the scope of the Turkish Language Institution's epic project, was published under the title Kyrgyz Epics 11: Kurmanbek. The idioms, which are the subject of our study, were classified based on the examples in this work and tried to be put forward as a whole. The analysis started with the listing of information about idioms in dictionaries and grammar books, and then the idioms in the epic named Kurmanbek were listed.

TEMPLES, FUNERALS AND DANCE IN DAILY LIFE IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ROCK ART

Egemen ERMİŞAydan ERMİŞ ,Osman İMAMOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of dance on temples, funeral ceremonies and daily life in ancient Egyptian rock art. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted. In ancient Egypt, dancing people are often depicted together with animals. The oldest dance depictions are found in rock art and pre-dynastic vessels. The vast majority of depictions of dancers from ancient Egypt also come from ceremonial religious or funerary scenes. There are 62 dancing figures from 29 sites in the Middle Eastern Desert. In ancient Egypt, some gods and goddesses were associated with dance. Music has also been recorded in dance scenes. Dancers are usually shown in rows and most of the movements depicted are acrobatic. The raising of the arms is very common in dance figures. Dance was also used in rock art for the control of wild nature, to maintain the public image of the elite and to promote their prestige. Muu dances are very famous. Both the Opet Festival and the Valley Festival were celebrated during this period. Scenes of both festivals depicted in tombs and temples show dancers/acrobats accompanying the parade. In ancient Egypt, there were dances of the gods, temple dances and dances in everyday life. There were even professional dancers. According to today's knowledge, it is correct to trace the origins of dance and gymnastics back to these rock art figures and the performances of later kings.

THE ART OF TUFTING AND SAMPLE TUFTING APPLICATION

Mustafa Oğuz GÖK — 2026-07-16

Tufting is a type of carpet made through a special manufacturing process. In this process, the loop threads are dipped into the previously prepared ground texture and fixed with a special adhesive. These carpets, also known as hand tuft carpets, are designed with dexterity and emphasis method. In this way, it offers originality in terms of style, color and pattern. Tufting carpets are generally preferred in private areas and used in places such as villas, mansions and luxury hotels. Production can be done faster by using a tufting carpet machine. These carpets can be designed according to personal taste and decoration style, thus adding an aesthetic touch to interiors. Products made with tufting add an aesthetic touch to interior spaces and also provide comfort and sound insulation. Tufting art can also find a place in different fields such as music, health, engineering and architecture. For example, musical instruments made with tufting can produce different sounds and melodies. Ceramic materials made by tufting are resistant to high temperatures, wear and corrosion, and can be used in sectors such as electricity, electronics, space, defense and energy. Body prostheses made with tufting are compatible with human health and can replace organs such as bones, teeth, heart, veins and nerves. The aim of the research is to introduce the art of tufting, which is common abroad but has just emerged and started to be studied in our country, into the literature and to investigate the application steps. It is the application of examples of this art to current designs. In this study, a new design was created and the design stages were examined. Criteria affecting the design were researched and evaluated. Information about the art of tufting was provided. The study is an application article. The stages are examined through an application example.

ENERGY AND GREEN ENERGY RESOURCES IN TURKEY IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: SWOT ANALYSIS

M. Hakan YALÇINKAYASelin SERT — 2026-07-16

Nowadays, energy is a resource that countries need due to factors such as the development of technology, increase in population, industrialization and globalization. As energy demand increases, the supply of energy resources has become one of the top priority goals of countries. However, with the increase in environmental problems and the rapid increase in the population, energy consumption has also accelerated. This situation brings with it the risk of energy deprivation, and the sustainability of energy resources in the development processes of countries has become an important problem for the whole world. Countries are implementing various policies to deal with these problems. Energy security and sustainability includes diversification of energy sources, ensuring stable energy supply and strategic management of energy resources. In order to reduce foreign dependency in the supply of energy resources, countries invest in renewable energy sources obtained from natural resources such as sun, wind and water, known as green energy. In addition, policies such as increasing energy efficiency and optimizing energy consumption are also implemented. For this purpose, in the sustainable development model, energy policies are determined by considering the transfer of energy resources to future generations and the sustainable use of resources together with their environmental, economic and social dimensions. Turning to green energy sources, increasing energy efficiency, minimizing environmental impacts and ensuring society's access to energy are important steps for sustainable development. It is important to keep policies updated and implement them quickly in order to provide energy safely, continuously and at the lowest cost. For this purpose, efforts are being made to implement factors such as ensuring energy security in Turkey, increasing energy efficiency, diversifying energy sources, increasing the share of domestic and green energy resources, utilizing nuclear energy, and creating a regional trade center in energy. In short, Turkey's green energy policy and strategies aim to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and include development-promoting activities to increase the demand for green energy production and consumption.

A REVIEW OF TURKISH GRAPHIC HUMOR THAT MODERNIZED WITH THE 1950 GENERATION AFTER THE REPUBLIC: THE CASE OF TURHAN SELÇUK: A CASE STUDY OF TURHAN SELÇUK

Cem GÜZELOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Considering the development of graphic humor in our country, it is seen that it is modernized parallel to the industrial and social developments after the Republic. Especially with İhap Hulusi Görey, the increase in graphic design productions before the state and the establishment of the Poster Workshop, the narrative of the graphic language also affected the art of caricature. In this process, graphic art productions became visible in the country's history. Modern cartoon lines, which began to appear with the works of Cemal Nadir Güler, Necmi Rıza Ayça, Kozma Togo, and Ratip Tahir, attracted attention in the world with Saul Steinberg's modern graphic humor style in the 1950s, and Turhan Selçuk, along with many cartoonists, began to give examples in our country. The word "Graphic Humor," which refers to the graphic values in his lines and the lines that gain meaning with the story of pure lines free from writing, has started to be used more frequently for his works. The artist, whose recognition significantly increased with the comic book "Abdülcanbaz," is one of the rare illustrators who can be recognized by his lines, even if he doesn't sign the works he produces in his style. The artist, whose recognition significantly increased with the comic book "Abdülcanbaz" is one of the rare illustrators that can be recognized by his lines, even if he doesn't sign the works he produces in his style. In addition, the artist, also known internationally, has made a name for himself among the press cartoonists with his lines interpreting social and political determinations. This study uses the systematic data scanning method to examine the artistic life of Turhan Selçuk, Türkiye's pioneering graphic humor artist, as the graphic representative of contemporary lines.

RELATIONS OF TURKISH ARMENIANS WITH GREAT POWERS ACCORDING TO OTTOMAN, RUSSIAN AND FRENCH ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS (1891-1918)

Girayalp KARAKUŞ — 2026-07-16

Armenians, who were called "Faithful Nation ", remained loyal to the Ottoman Empire until the 19th century. However, when Armenian intellectuals went to Europe, they adopted ideas such as enlightenment, equality and nationalism. They returned home and started propaganda against the Ottoman Empire. Armenian intellectuals pursued the ideal of "Independent Armenia" by emulating the independence of Serbs and Greeks. Armenians were especially encouraged by the signing of the Treaty of Berlin. For the Western powers, Armenians were seen as a useful nation against the Ottomans. France, Britain and Russia had been provoking Armenians since the late 19th century. Some of the imperialist countries supported Armenians for religious reasons and some for political reasons. Although historians such as Taner Akçam claim that the West did not support Armenians, this argument does not reflect the truth. When French, Russian and Ottoman archives are analyzed, it will be revealed that the Western powers seriously supported the Armenians. The aim of this study is to emphasize the political dimension of the Armenian question based on archival documents, as this issue has become a material issue in the political arena today. The aim of the study is to reach the reality of the historical Armenian problem based on archival documents. As a matter of fact, while trying to explain this problematic, not only Ottoman archives but also Russian, French and Ottoman archives were used. Where I have described Armenian-British and Armenian-American relations, I have made use of the Ottoman Documents published by the Prime Minister's State Archives. Based on this study, it can be concluded that Armenians organized rallies in Western countries, received financial aid, the West helped in the establishment of volunteer military units, and Armenians were able to make their voices heard through non-governmental organizations. Armenian archives were consulted during this study, but these sources could not be used because Armenians were too skeptical on this subject.

TOPONOMES AND TOPOGRAPHY IN HITTITE AND KASHKA RELATIONS

2026-07-16

The geography where a person or a state lives is one of the important factors affecting his life. States shape their policies according to the geography they are in, and people shape their lifestyles according to the geography they live in. The Hittite empire, which spread over a wide geography, was divided into two large units: the Lower Country (Konya Plain) and the Upper Country (Amasya Region). The areas between these two regions are directly connected to the center. States were created to manage these vast lands. They are known from Hittite, Torah, Ancient Egyptian and Babylonian written sources. Hittites are one of the Indo-European tribes. However, since these tribes did not reach a high level of culture before leaving their homeland, they did not leave any material artifacts, graves or ceramics that could be attributed to them on their homeland. For this reason, it is not possible to determine where their homeland is. With this study, it is aimed to express the toponyms and topographies reflected in the written texts in the struggle of the Hittites, who started the Anatolian Historical Geography, and their ancient enemy, the Kashkas, who were Prototurks according to some academics. In the light of the information obtained by conducting an extensive literature review on the subject, Hittite-Kaşka relations were evaluated in terms of the reasons for this relationship and the toponymy and topography localizations reflected in the written texts in these relations. The information obtained regarding the settlement of Anatolia was examined in terms of historical geography. According to Hittite sources, the Kashkas, who lived as independent tribes, were nomadic, disrespectful of religious feelings and fond of looting, quickly repopulated their settlements or moved them to another place, even though their cities were often burned by the Hittites. This makes it difficult to find Kashka settlements archaeologically today and causes difficulties in identifying cultural materials belonging to Kashkas. Thanks to Sedat Alp's identification of Tapigga as Maşat Höyük as the source of the tablets found in Boğazköy and Ortaköy, especially the Maşat Höyük tablets, our knowledge about the historical geography of the Upper Country has increased and important steps have been taken in placing the geographical names mentioned in the Maşat Höyük texts. However, there are still many places where placement cannot be done.

INVESTIGATION OF THE PERSONS AND INSTITUTIONS EFFECTIVE IN THE ISLAMIZATION PROCESS OF ANATOLIA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF NON-FORMAL RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

Muhammed Emin ŞİMŞEK — 2026-07-16

This article examines the impact of religious educational institutions and important personalities on the Islamization process of Anatolia. Anatolia has been in an important position throughout history as a geography where many civilizations intersected and rich cultural and religious interactions took place. The spread of Islam in this region, especially from the 11th century onwards, was realized through the efforts of religious education activities and personalities in this field, in addition to military conquests. This study examines how religious educational institutions functioned in the rooting and spread of Islam in Anatolia and what kind of roles centers such as madrasas, mosques, tekke-zawiyahs and dar al-hadiths played in learning the basic values of Islam and shaping the social order. In the process of the spread of Islam in Anatolia, religious educational institutions functioned as centers where Islamic sciences and values were taught and moral and spiritual education was provided to all segments of society. By equipping individuals with the teachings of Islam, these institutions formed the cornerstones of social transformation and ensured that Islam took root in these lands. These centers, which provided religious education, also functioned as centers of social and cultural life and played an important role in shaping the religious and cultural structure of the society. In addition to religious educational institutions, the article also examines the contributions of important personalities who were influential in the spread and establishment of Islam in Anatolia. These figures, both as educators and spiritual leaders, played key roles in spreading Islamic teachings and raising the level of religious consciousness of the society. Their efforts are notable for the adoption of Islam as a way of life in these lands. By highlighting the process of Islamization of Anatolia and the role played by religious educational institutions and important personalities in this process, this article aims to illuminate the factors that contributed to the rooting of Islam in Anatolia and the shaping of the region's historical and cultural identity. This examination of the history, function, and impact of religious educational institutions will help us to comprehensively understand the transformations in the Islamization process of Anatolia and reveal the profound effects of religious education on social structure.

ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE WITH RATIO MET-HOD: THE CASE OF ASELSAN

Murat KATI — 2026-07-16

The aim of the study is to examine the financial performance of Aselsan Inc., which operates in the defense industry and is traded on Borsa Istanbul (BIST), through ratio analysis. Within the scope of the study, the financial data of the company for the period 2018-2023 were obtained from the balance sheet and income statement obtained from the Public Disclosure Platform (KAP). In line with the data provided, 18 financial ratios were determined for the calculation of liquidity, financial structure, activity and profitability ratios for the application of ratio analysis together with the literature research. As a result of the study, according to the liquidity ratios, the company's asset acquisition, inventory, securities and short-term borrowing policies should be managed more effectively; according to the financial structure ratios, the company has an optimum balance between equity and long-term liabilities and the acquisition of tangible fixed assets and short-term borrowing policies should be managed more effectively; according to the activity ratios; According to activity ratios, it has been determined that receivables, inventory and tangible fixed asset investments should be monitored and managed more effectively, and according to profitability ratios, it has been determined that sales, equity and asset profitability follow a stable and successful course and policies are carried out effectively.

THE CONCEPT OF NATURE-INSPIRED ADVERTISING AND ANALYSIS OF "VOLKSWAGEN TSI - FROG AND FLY" ADVERTISEMENT

Göktehan EKMEKCİ — 2026-07-16

From the past to the present, the fundamental purpose of advertisements has been to influence and attract the target audience. The advancement of technology alongside media has propelled advertisements to reach and impact broader audiences. In environments where advertising competition is intense, success is often achieved by advertisements that are both creative and thought-provoking. Some characteristics of recent advertisements include utilizing semiotics, incorporating visuals inspired by nature, and drawing parallels with the natural environment. This strategy aims to establish an emotional connection with the audience, providing an opportunity for building a positive relationship with the brand. Moreover, nature-themed advertisements contribute to emphasizing values such as environmental sensitivity and sustainability, assisting brands in creating a trustworthy and responsible image. These elements not only focus on promoting the product but also highlight the brand's values and environmental consciousness. In summary, it can be stated that creativity, thought-provocation, and drawing inspiration from nature play a crucial role in enhancing the success of advertisements, enabling brands to establish a strong impact on the audience and gain a competitive advantage.

CARLO GESUALDO’S MUSICAL NOVELTY: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE MADRIGAL “SE LA MIA MORTE BRAMI”

Aykan AYDIN — 2026-07-16

Carlo Gesualdo (1566-1613) was an Italian nobleman and composer who is renowned for his innovative and emotional madrigals of the late Renaissance. Although he is famous for his chromatic and modern style compositions, he is also notorious for his scandalous personal life. His works have a tragic and melancholic character, which some interpret as a reflection of Gesualdo's violent past and inner turmoil. Gesualdo's compositions have been highly appreciated both during his lifetime and after his death. It is a well-known biographical fact that he murdered his wife and her lover. In the 20th century, his music was rediscovered by composers and has since had a significant influence on modern music. Some have speculated that the striking qualities of his musical compositions may be connected to the tragic event in his personal life. This led to a sensationalist style in evaluating the composer's works. Gesualdo, a nobleman, differed from other composers in that he created, performed, and published music according to his own wishes, rather than seeking to please others. Like many composers of his time, Gesualdo was interested in finding new ways to express the text in a way that harmonised it with the music and surprised the audience. This study provides a detailed analysis of one of the composer's madrigals. The originality and creativity of his works are used to evaluate whether or not he can be considered a mad genius from a musical perspective.

OFFENSES IN IRAQI CRIMINAL LAW

Ameen Ikram OBAID — 2026-07-16

The foundation of Iraqi Criminal Law was laid with the enactment of the Baghdadi Penal Code in 1918, under the command of the British Occupation Forces in Iraq. However, due to shortcomings and implementation challenges, a new law was introduced in 1969 with the aim of improving the principles and provisions of the Penal Code. The 1969 Penal Code emerged as a result of efforts to rectify the flaws in the Baghdadi Code, enhancing the comprehensibility of legal processes. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including errors, uncertainties, and deficiencies. Adopting a more meticulous approach in legal designs and improving the existing legal framework are crucial for ensuring a more effective and equitable functioning of Iraqi criminal law.

İZMİR FIRE DEPARTMENT'S 2023 FIRE INTERVENTIONS: LIMITATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND SAFETY MEASURES

Doğan KAZAK — 2026-07-16

When examining the limitations and constraints of the study, it is evident that the focus is on the fire incidents intervened by the Izmir Fire Department in the year 2023. Access to statistics is easy and accurate because all incidents are recorded. However, it is uncertain whether fire departments intervening in incidents outside private or municipal areas record those incidents. Therefore, the focus has been on incidents intervened by municipal fire departments due to the lack of statistics from private enterprises or their lack of public availability. Municipal fire departments constitute one of the most comprehensive emergency response teams in firefighting. Besides firefighting, they perform various tasks such as search and rescue, responding to vehicle accidents, providing consultancy on fire prevention measures, and educating people about emergency situations. It is necessary for fire departments to modernize and keep pace with technological advancements. According to the fire incident data for the year 2023 from the Izmir Fire Department, a total of 12,986 fire incidents were intervened. The primary causes of these incidents were cigarette butts, open flames, electricity, and other reasons. Incidents caused by cigarette butts stand out prominently. Most of the fires occurred in reinforced concrete structures and vacant lots. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended to increase awareness of the risks associated with discarding cigarette butts and playing with open flames, renewing old electrical installations, and reviewing fire prevention measures for reinforced concrete structures. Additionally, organizing fire education programs and awareness campaigns, developing social responsibility projects related to fire safety, and using posters to encourage people to act responsibly are recommended. Implementing these recommendations aims to reduce fire incidents and enhance community safety.

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN REPRODUCTION TYPES AND VISUAL PLAGIARISM IN THE ART OF TURKİSH PAINTING

Mihriban Rukiye YILMAZHüseyin ELMAS — 2026-07-16

While the uniqueness and creativity in art is sought unconditionally, it has been observed that concepts such as imitation, copying, inspiration, appropriation, and plagiarism have always been a matter of discussion. During the development process of the Art of Painting, countless works that are similar, imitated, inspired by each other, or identical are encountered. There is difficulty in defining and distinguishing these similar works in terms of understanding. In this research, while concepts such as reproduction types in Turkish Painting, Inspiration, Emulation, Parody, Appropriation were examined in terms of originality, examples of work practices that could lead to plagiarism were given and tried to be discussed in terms of visual plagiarism. The purpose of this research is to bring attention to the prevalence of plagiarism, and to try to explain reproduction types and the reasons for plagiarism. By definition, the differences between Reproduction types and Visual plagiarism have been tried to be clarified with examples, and the reasons for Visual plagiarism, which has become frequently encountered in recent years, have been tried to be explained in Turkish, with examples from art competitions based on the originality of art. And again, by emphasizing the extent to which the degree of imitation in reproduction types victimizes the original work, the subject is also briefly discussed in terms of artist and artwork rights.

FAVORITISM PRACTICES IN SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

Elif KABAAĞAÇAli Faruk YAYLACI — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to determine the opinions of teachers regarding favoritism practices by school principals and to identify measures to prevent favoritism in the school management process. In this context, the types of favoritism, the starting points, and the formation of favoritism practices are examined. The study group of the research consists of 171 teachers working in official schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in the provinces of Kütahya, Bursa, and Eskişehir. The teachers in the study group work at different school levels, including primary, middle, and high schools. Research data were collected using a survey technique consisting of semi-structured questions prepared in accordance with the open-ended question technique, which is actively used within the survey model, a research design. Since this is a qualitative study and aimed to examine detailed situations containing information with a limited number of people, purposive sampling was employed (Yıldırım and Şimşek, 2005). The collected data were coded according to the objectives of the research based on the responses of the participants. Subsequently, the frequency of the responses was determined, and qualitative data were quantified. As a result of the research, the examination of school administrators' favoritism policies in accordance with teacher opinions, their effects, and measures to prevent them were revealed. The research outcome highlighted unfair practices and acquaintance-friendship favoritism towards teachers by school administrators. Recommendations for preventing favoritism include the necessity for administrators to be objective, impartial, comply with laws and regulations, regularly rotate duty locations at specified intervals, and maintain distance from political and ideological thoughts.

TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RONDO MOVEMENT OF JEAN BAPTISTE BREVAL’S CELLO CONCERTO IN D MAJOR, OP.17 NO.2

Semih ÇOŞKUNŞebnem YILDIRIM ORHAN — 2026-07-16

In this study, the "Rondo" movement of Jean Baptiste Breval's "Op.17 No.2 Cello Concerto in D Major" was analysed by using the content analysis method, one of the qualitative data analysis methods, to identify the technical elements in the right and left hands. The data obtained in the study were tabulated and interpreted. It was determined that the bowing techniques used in the "Rondo" movement of Jean Baptiste Breval "Op.17 No.2 Cello Concerto in D Major", which consists of three movements, are; Detache, Legato, Staccato, Tied Staccato, while the left hand techniques are; Double Stops, Trill, Apajature, use of Thumb Position in permanent position and use of Position. Suggestions and examples of playing techniques are given in order to better understand the techniques determined in the work and to help those who will perform the work.

DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE IN THE VILLAGES (“KARYES”) OF THE COUNTY (“KAZA”) OF BESNİ (ACCORDING TO THE POPULATION BOOK (LOGBOOK) NUMBER 40695)

Kübra APAKMetin KOPAR — 2026-07-16

The census has ever been very important in terms of revealing the socio-demographic characteristics of cities. It generally focuses on factors such as age, gender, ethnic group, marital status, education level, occupation and geographical distribution. Population statistics are mostly used for economic, social and planning purposes. In the Ottoman Empire during the Period of Mahmud II, a census was conducted to determine the economic and human resources of the country, the population to be recruited, and taxpayers. The census was carried out also in the townships (“nahiyes”) and villages (“karyes”) subordinated to the county of Besni as well as in the various parts of the Ottoman geography. The source of the study is the population book (logbook) retained in the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Minister’s Office dated 1835 and numbered 40695. As a result of the examination of the relevant book records, the villages (“karyes”) of the county (“kaza”) of Besni were determined, and the total number of population and the distribution ratio of the population as per villages (“karyes”) , the villages (“karyes”) with the highest and lowest population in the county (“kaza”) and the distribution of the population according to age groups were specified. In addition, the names of the Muslim men, the number of households, the division of the working population according to the fields of profession, the nicknames used, the soldiers, the orphans, the those outside the county (“kaza”) and physical characteristics of the people in the villages (“karyes”) were revealed.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION AND RUMINATIVE THINKING STYLE IN ADULTS

Oğuzhan KELEŞMuhammet Ü. ÖZTABAK — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between social media addiction and ruminative thinking style in adults. The study was conducted with a total of 250 adult individuals, 154 of whom were female (61,6%) and 96 of whom were male (38,4%) living in Istanbul. Social Media Addiction Scale and Ruminative Thinking Style Scale were used in the study. Pearson product-moment correlation, independent samples t-test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used in the data analysis of the study. According to the results of the study, a moderate, positive and significant relationship was found between social media addiction and ruminative thinking style. In addition, as the duration of social media use increased, it was observed that the level of social media addiction and ruminative thinking increased. However, the level of social media addiction and ruminative thinking did not create a significant difference in terms of gender, marital status, education and income level. The results were discussed in the light of the literature.

OPINIONS OF STUDENTS WITH MATHEMATICS LEARNING DIFFICULTIES ABOUT TEACHING FOUR OPERATIONS WITH MOBILE GAMES

Bilal BALDEMİRÖmer Faruk ÇETİN — 2026-07-16

Mathematics learning disability is one of the types of specific learning disability experienced by a considerable number of students. Students with mathematics learning disability may become bored with mathematics lessons more quickly than their normal peers, and this may cause these students to isolate themselves and move away from the mathematics lesson. Therefore, appropriate interventions are extremely important for students with mathematics learning disability. In this study, it was aimed to reach the opinions of students with mathematics learning difficulties about teaching four operations with mobile games, one of the recommended interventions for students with mathematics learning disability. The research is a qualitative study and the data were collected with a semi-structured interview form and analyzed through descriptive analysis. Participants in the research are fifth and sixth grade students who have three mathematics learning disability. As a result of the research, it was concluded that students with mathematics learning disability stated that teaching four operations with mobile games was fun and instructive.

INVESTIGATION OF FRIENDSHIP RELATIONSHIPS ESTABLISHED BY ADOLESCENTS IN VIRTUAL CHAT ENVIRONMENTS: DISCORD CASE

Şeymanur ALTINERMuhammet Ü. ÖZTABAK — 2026-07-16

In today's society, individuals can now communicate as they wish through virtual communication tools without being bound by time and space, and interact with each other by sharing their feelings and thoughts through these virtual environments. As a matter of fact, it is easy to make friends on Discord, which offers the opportunity to set up chat room customized for purpose and interests. In recent years, individuals in adolescence have been establishing friendships in these virtual environments. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the friendships of adolescents that are established on Discord, a virtual chat environment. Phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The study group of this research consists of 10 adolescents (7 boys, 3 girls) between the ages of 14-17, who are studying at the high school level of a private school in Fatih district of Istanbul. The study group of the research was determined by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview form consisting of eight questions. Content analysis was used to analyze the research data. The findings obtained during the research process were evaluated in the context of three sub-objectives. A total of 133 code, 41 categories and 16 themes were obtained. According to the results of the study, adolescents generally use Discord to establish new relationships and chat here. At the same time, according to adolescents, whether the application is reliable or not depends on the usage of the person.

THE STORY OF RENAISSANCE MUSIC

Nalan KOLUMANVerda KARAÇİL CERİT — 2026-07-16

The Knight system, which was formed as a result of the military mobility that started for the Crusades in the Middle Ages and the Feudalism regime that came with it, is an important factor that can be the basis for the formation of secular music for the Renaissance Period, due to the cultural music journey that brings together the word (poetry) and music, and also started the folk poet tradition. It is a transitional process. The Renaissance (1400-1600), which means "Rebirth" and is the crossroads of culture, art and politics in the historical process, is a period that loses the real importance of the church, which is the divine power and representation, and focuses on the human theme, as well as its social changes, culture and politics. It is also the period of striking developments in the field of art. It has a very rich field for the beginning of secular music in choirs, the realization of musical notation, polyphonic music and new music forms such as Madrigal. In addition to all these, developments such as the socio-political changes, geographical discoveries, scientific studies, cultural activities, and the invention of the printing press of the period are developments that facilitate the spread of knowledge. The legacy left by the composers and instrument musicians, who left their mark on this period with their works, still continues to contribute in a functional way today. In this sense, the historical process of Renaissance music has been examined, and the knights, the wandering poets of the Middle Ages, who were a result of sociopolitical events, are important in terms of the development and innovation of music at the point of merging words (poetry) and music. In this study, which was compiled through the examination of written and online sources, a descriptive research model was used, and the events and facts in the historical process were evaluated in terms of cause and effect relationships, and the impact areas of form and instrumental developments on music were determined.

THE COMPARISON OF 2013 AND 2024 PRESCHOOL CURRICULUM

Burcu ERTEK EROĞLUCevat EKER — 2026-07-16

In this research, it is aimed to compare the 2013 and 2024 Preschool education programs in terms of basic features, achievements and indicators, content, learning and teaching processes, measurement and evaluation dimensions. Document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. Descriptive analysis method was applied to analyze the data. For the purpose of the research, the 2013 and 2024 preschool education program books published by the Ministry of National Education constituted the data source. As a result of the research, the goals of the 2024 pre-school education program are; The importance of family and community participation was emphasized for the first time by adding the article "Supporting children's adaptation to social life". 2013 Preschool Education Program; While it is structured on five development areas, the development areas included in the 2024 Preschool education program are; It is organized under four main headings: cognitive development, language development, social emotional development, physical development and health. While the total number of achievements was 63 in 2013, a total of 86 achievements were included in 2024. While values were not emphasized in the 2013 Preschool education program, it was observed that twelve values were included in the new program. While the literacy activity in the old program was expressed as an early literacy activity in the new program, the field trip activity in the old program was expressed as an out of school learning activity in the new program. In the 2024 Preschool education program, it is emphasized that teachers should do outdoor activities for half an hour every day and evaluations at the end of the day should be discussed in detail. The 2024 Preschool Education Program offers an inclusive approach that aims to support the holistic development of children, encourage them to learn, and enable them to acquire national, spiritual, cultural and universal values.

ANALYSIS OF İZMİR YABANCILAR IÇIN TÜRKÇE AND CAMBRIDGE ENGLİSH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE COURSEBOOKS IN TERMS OF VARIOUS VARIABLES

Nesrin ELLİALTIZekerya BATUR — 2026-07-16

In this study, it was aimed to compare Cambridge English As A Second Language Coursebook and İzmir Yabancılar İçin Türkçe in terms of developed Coursebook Review Criteria. In this study, which is a qualitative study, the data were collected by document analysis technique. The data obtained from both books were analyzed by descriptive analysis technique. Coursebooks, which have an important place in the teaching process, are the most basic resource for teachers and students in this process and are an indispensable part of the system. In this regard, the choice of a qualified coursebook is very important. There are a large number of criteria in various studies for the selection of qualified coursebooks. However, in the literature review, a common list of coursebook review criteria was not found on a local or universal scale. It is thought that the list of Coursebook Review Criteria developed in this study will contribute to the studies in this field. As a result of the study, it was determined that the outer cover designs of both coursebooks examined had most of the necessary information and the visuals and colors used were at a level that would attract the attention of the student. However, it was concluded that there was no reference to the curriculum by not including text outcomes and unit/theme outcomes planned according to the course time in the unit/theme sections. It has been thought that the activities of the skills and sub-skills of the examined coursebooks and the methods/techniques of these activities should be diversified and developed.