The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2023 Issue 145

ENTERING UPON TO THE CONTEMPORARY DEBATES IN ART WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CRITICAL APPROACH: SANTIAGO SIERRA AND AI WEIWEI PRODUCTIONS

Yudum AKKUŞ — 2024-08-29

Art is a phenomenon that directly interacts and engages with life. Therefore, the artist who bears witness to the realities of his/her time changes, transforms and reconstructs everything he/she witnesses. As a matter of fact, social problems such as globalization, migration and immigration, unemployment, economic insecurity, labor exploitation, cheap labor, political discourses, which have accelerated since the 1980s, have been at the center of the production of many artists with a critical identity; therefore, an individual discourse shaped within the framework of these discussions has also formed the current arguments of art. Within the framework of these arguments, this study focuses on firstly the reasons for the motivation of the Spanish-born artist Sierra, who has a dissident identity in order to discuss the relationship between art and life, to discuss the labor-money relationship of the capitalist system on the artistic ground and to transform art into a paid labor are examined through his artistic practices; and secondly, the artistic works of Ai Weiwei, an activist artist with a strong political criticism, who is known as a cultural symbol in China and defiantly aims to keep social debates fresh and open the door to new forms of dialogue in society with his works.

AN INVESTIGATION ON STAMPS THEMED SCULPTURE ART OF THE REPUBLIC PERIOD

Selçuk YILMAZUğur KESKİN — 2024-08-29

Postage stamps function as one of the legitimacy indicators of countries. In addition, it also contributes to the promotion of the basic elements of the countries in the country and abroad. Just like the printing of money, the printing of stamps can only be carried out by state-controlled institutions. This study focuses on the theme of sculpture visuals included in the postage stamps printed in the period of about a century from the establishment of the Republic of Turkey to the present day. When examined closely, a large number of stamps reflecting various aspects of sculpture art from the first years of the republic; It can be seen that it has been put into use in different years by focusing on founding and cultural values, important days and events. In this study, the descriptive analyzes of the stamps with the theme of sculpture art were made in a systematic way and presented to the reader's attention. The study was carried out as a qualitative research and document analysis was used as a research design. In the examinations within the scope of the study, the narrative elements that the sculpture artists wanted to convey through their works were discussed together with the original qualities of the postage stamps. In the narrations and quotes, care was taken to serve the purpose of “establishing a relationship between the elements”, which is the desired approach in terms of science.

MODERNISM AS A TIMELESS DESIGN LANGUAGE: EXAMPLES OF BRAUN, APPLE, AND XIAOMI

Bekir KİRİŞCAN — 2024-08-29

The debate or contradiction between modernism and post-modernism has been one of the most controversial themes in the literature of art and design history over the past century. The modernist conception of art and design arising in the late 19th and early 20th centuries underwent a process of institutionalization, notably exemplified by the Bauhaus School, and subsequently entrenched itself as the fundamental visual lexicon within the realms of art and design for many years. From the 1970s onwards, the visual language of post-modernism emerged as a counterpoint to the tenets of modernist ideology. The literature review suggests that post-modernism, with its gradual influence on all fields of art and design since the 1970s, is still perceived as the prevailing art and design language of the 21st century. However, this study was based on the hypothesis that the modernist design approach is still prevalent, especially in product design. In this context, a total of 12 products from three brands were analyzed: Braun, Apple, and Xiaomi. Four products were selected from each brand, with the earliest being designed in 1958 and the newest being designed in 2022. The artifact analysis revealed that the design languages of these products, despite having been produced in different periods of time, were similar to each other in terms of material, color, form, decoration and innovation. The findings revealed that the design philosophies underpinning the products of all three brands largely align with the precepts of the modernist approach, suggesting that modernism continues to be a significant influence within the domain of product design.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL AGE IN ART EDUCATION

Caner ŞENGÜNALPSavaş SARIHAN — 2024-08-29

This article addresses the current state of art education, focusing on the challenges faced by traditional art education methods and presenting innovative solutions offered by the digital age. It emphasizes concerns about students not being able to fully develop their potentials and the potential decrease in educational efficiency. The article highlights how technological advancements have the potential to provide students with a unique art education experience through virtual reality, augmented reality, and other digital tools, making access to this field more accessible. Simultaneously, it draws attention to how digital innovations can be integrated into art education to overcome the obstacles faced by traditional art education. The article indicates that digital technologies foster creativity in students, introduce them to different artistic disciplines, and enable reaching broader audiences. It also suggests that digital tools provide educators with more flexibility. In this article, effective utilization of digital tools in art education is explored, along with how digitization can be adapted to students' individual learning differences and how technology's role in art education can be addressed. Additionally, the pros and cons of digital technology in education are discussed in detail, underlining the importance of using digital tools and methods to enable students to respond more effectively to art education, thus enhancing its effectiveness. As a result, this research evaluates the interaction between art education and technology.

ADAPTATION OF “SCALE FOR PARENTS' CHILD-REARING STYLE” IN TURKISH

Yasemin ABALI ÖZTÜRKMehmet Kaan DEMİR ,Çavuş ŞAHİN — 2024-08-29

In Turkey, there is no such a scale specifically published on evaluating parents' child-rearing styles in terms of the dimensions of authority, love, independence, religiosity, cooperation with spouse, cooperation with school. Incorporating a scale of parents' child-rearing into the literature is very important in terms of early intervention studies. The aim of this study to adapt the “Scale for Parents' Child-rearing Style” (Eltern-Erziehungsstil-Inventar (EEI)) developed by Satow (2013) in German to analyze parents' child rearing styles in various dimensions into Turkish for families with children studying in pre-school institutions. This study employed the descriptive survey model, one of the quantitative research models. The working group consisted of 387 parents who have children attending pre-school education in Çanakkale. The 54-item scale developed by Satow (2013), has been translated into Turkish by German by experts having experience in both cultures to determine the equivalence of the items in the scale. The back-translation method was also used to test its equivalence with the original scale. 11 experts were consulted about whether the final version of the scale had content validity. On examining the content validity ratios (CVR) of 54 items in the scale, none of the items was below the minimum value. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed during data analysis. Analysis results suggested that an item in the original was excluded from the scale as it did not fit the model, and the "Scale for Parents' Child-Rearing Style", consisting of six sub-dimensions and 53 items, was tested for validity and reliability. There are 10 items in the sub-dimension of love, 10 items in authority, 10 items in independence, 10 items in religiosity, 7 items in cooperation with the spouse, and 6 items in cooperation with the school.

F. SOLOGUB’S PEREDONOV IN THE CONTEXT OF GNOSTIC WORLD AND HUMAN LIFE

Nazan COŞKUN KARATAŞ — 2024-08-29

In the study, the protagonist of Fyodor Sologub’s novel The Little Demon, Peredonov was analyzed in the context of Gnosticism which is generally accepted to have emerged in the late Antiquity.Gnosticism can be interpreted as an original answer to the theodicy problem based on the conflict between worldly evil and good God. Gnostics, who advocate the view of two different gods, believe that the god who created the world is the evil God Demiurge. Gnosticism came to the agenda with the Nag Hammadi texts discovered in the Egypt in 1945 and is tried to be made sense of in the existential pursuit of the 20th century. In this sense, Sologub witnessed many events that determined the spirit of the century. In this context, Sologub’s protagonist Peredenov is addressed as an individual enslaved in this world created by the evil god of the Gnostics and is evaluated in the life accepted as a reflection of gnostic illusion. In fact, what creates the illusion for Gnostics does not know that the worldly life is nothing but matter that is the symbol of evil. As a result of this evaluation, it has been seen that Peredonov is no different from a gnostic Demiurge who does evil in every opportunity and has no desires but worldly title and position, and it was concluded that the four-stage gnostic salvation gate is closed to him.

THE MAHDARA TRADITION IN QUR'AN TEACHING AND MEMORIZATION IN THE SHINKÎT REGION OF NORTH AFRICA

Süleyman KABLAN — 2024-08-29

Throughout history, Muslims have made great efforts to better understand the Qur'an, to serve its purpose better and to pass it on to the next generations. One of the most important activities in this direction is memorization of the Qur'an. Throughout the history of Islam, hafiz has been considered important by all Muslim societies and different methods and techniques have been used to facilitate it according to cultural differences. In the study, it has been determined that the Qur'an teaching and memorization in the mahdaras located in the Shinkît basin, which laid the foundations of the Almoravid State, which has an important place in the history of Islam, is out of the ordinary methods. It has been observed that the teaching of the Qur'an, which begins at the age of pronouncing the letters, results in memorization when the child is only 5/6 years old. Hafiz practice in homes and mahdaras has very different aspects from the process of memorization in Islamic lands in terms of space, opportunity, system and prevalence. The fact that the mahdaras in the Shinkît basin continue their educational activities by preserving their traditional structure in the deserts of Mauritania has led to a high rate of hafiz in the Mauritanian society. The teaching of the Qur'an in Mauritania includes not only reading and memorizing the Arabic text of the Qur'an, but also writing it in accordance with the Official Ottoman Empire. Examining the experiences in different geographies in the teaching of the Qur'an is an important type of research in increasing experience and developing samples. For this reason, in this study, first of all, the establishment of the Shinkît region and the mahdaras, the stages they went through in the historical process and the point they have reached will be examined. The teaching method of the Qur'an and the materials used in the mahdaras will also be emphasized. In the last stage, it will be tried to reach a conclusion based on the data presented about the hafiz system and mahdaras in Mauritania.

DETERMINATION OF OUTCOMES FOR PIANO LESSON THROUGH CZERNY'S CORRESPONDENSE COURSE EXAMPLE

Yiğit Can EYÜBOĞLU — 2024-08-29

The correspondence between Carl Czerny and his student Miss Cecilia was first published in 1839. Looking at the content of these letters, it can be seen that lessons and homework were given and new plans were made in line with the feedback. This shows that these letters may be the first possible distance education application in piano education and what Czerny expected from initial piano education. A holistic single case design was used. The main question: "What are Czerny's suggestions for beginners in piano education?". Content analysis was performed on the data and five basic categories were reached: General Sitting Position, Study Method, Technique, Piece Selection-Style and Improvisation, Music Theory. The outcomes of initial piano education were determined and these outcomes were categorized according to their target areas and stages. A total of 81 suggestions were reached, and a total of 38 outcomes were identified, 11 of which belonged to the cognitive, 24 to the kinesthetic and 3 to the affective target area, and most of which expressed metacognitive skills. It can be suggested to use the outcomes while planning the teaching-learning process and assessment-evaluation process in initial piano lessons and to produce new content for the identified outcomes.

THE PROBLEM OF REFERENCE DEVIATION IN THE IMAGE-LANGUAGE-TEACHING TRIANGLE IN DIGITAL MEDİA SHARING

Nursen Zehra BERÇİN — 2024-08-29

The general purpose of the research is to draw attention to reference deviations that can lead to incorrect coding of German as a foreign language in the posts about teaching German on digital platforms. The focus was on the details that should be considered especially in visual material design were emphasized. These details in the analyzed material enabled both the classification of the findings and the explanation of the origin of reference deviations in the light of scientific data. Image linguistics, which works in an interdisciplinary manner and is on the way to gaining a place within linguistics, forms the analytical and theoretical framework of our study. Since it is still in the process of formation, it does not have a theory of its own. However, it is a candidate to be a permanent branch of science that takes its main principle from semiotics and can serve the correct use of language by making use of the basic criteria of existing linguistic fields and disciplines. Among the technological options, the most intense interest is the alternatives offered by digital platforms. In our study, two images from a 08:51 minute German language teaching post on the www.youtube.com website, which appeals to the expectations and needs of all age groups with a wide range of content, were used as the main material. The images used in the related post were presented in the background with the verbal narration of a lecturer. The fact that there are paralinguistic functions that cause reference deviation in the verbal expression dimension brings different linguistic factors together. For this reason, verbal language data were not included in our study, images were only examined within the scope of still images and non-verbal linguistic data. A total of three concepts were discussed in the lecture. When both images are evaluated together, image-non-linguistic/linguistic data-does not provide a common subject integrity in terms of teaching. Therefore, reference deviations caused by multiple semantic references caused by not considering the context-semantic integrity and part-whole relationship among the findings obtained are intense. At the end of the analysis, alternative visuals were prepared for the problems identified in the main material, and the result was reached with suggestions on how to provide contextual-semantic integrity. Another important factor from the conclusions reached is that the posts on public digital platforms are also published after the approval of the experts. Thus, the existence of a certain control mechanism will increase the quality of the shares.

THE SCRIBBLING STAGE OF CHILDREN AGED 2-4 YEARS

Yusuf Emre IŞIK — 2024-08-29

In today's rapidly changing competitive world, the importance of art and creativity is increasing rapidly. In particular, children's development of skills such as exploration, imagination and self-expression at an early age plays a critical role in shaping their future. This not only helps children focus on academic success, but also boosts their self-confidence, improves their problem-solving skills, and strengthens their emotional intelligence. Therefore, supporting creativity and art in children's education is of great importance in terms of building the future of society. The scribbling stage is a critical period in children's artistic and cognitive development. This stage includes a process usually observed between the ages of 2 and 4, where children explore by making random lines on paper. Doodling helps children develop hand-eye coordination, fine motor skills and spatial awareness. It also reveals their creativity and increases their self-confidence. In this article, we will discuss the development of children during the scratching period and the importance of this process. First, we will focus on the typical features of the doodle period and how children draw during this period, then how children's doodles contribute to their development, and finally, what parents and educators can do to support children's doodles.

THE EFFECT OF FOOD SAFETY PERCEPTION ON PREFERENCES FOR BUYING STREET FLAVORS

Berna SÜNBÜLSamet GÖKKAYA — 2024-08-29

This research aims to determine the effect of local visitors' food safety knowledge on their street food purchasing behavior. In this context, research data were collected within the scope of the survey technique from 533 local visitors who visited the province of Izmir and consumed street food. Five dimensions (personal hygiene, cross-contamination, cleaning, cooking and protection, and personnel health) were determined for food safety information in the analyses with the data obtained. Four dimensions (food quality, service quality, hygiene, and attractiveness) were determined for street food purchasing behavior. In the research, demographic and other characteristics of local visitors, food safety knowledge, and street taste purchasing behaviors were compared within the scope of different tests. As a result of the research, it is seen that within the scope of simple linear regression analysis, it has been determined that food safety information affects the buying behavior of street food. However, it has been revealed that personal hygiene and cross-contamination, which are the sub-dimensions of food safety knowledge, affect street food purchasing behavior. However, it has been determined that the sub-dimensions of cleaning, cooking and preservation, and personnel health do not affect purchasing street food.

ANALYZING ADDICTION DISCOURSE IN TURKISH NEWSPAPERS FROM PSYCHOANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE

Sinem BALTACI — 2024-08-29

Addiction is a psychological issue in which a person loses control over a substance, object, or behavior. The role of psychological processes in the development and maintenance of these addictions is crucial. The aim of this study is to analyze the addiction discourse from a psychoanalytical perspective in Turkey’s newspaper, and to investigate the discourse strategies actors’ roles that influence the formation of this discourse, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the subject. According to the social constructivist approach, individuals are shaped by the context, culture, and discourses within society. Jacques Lacan, a pioneer of psychoanalytic theory, emphasized the importance of The Other, language, and discourse in the subject’s formation process. In this study, the most visited digital newspaper in Turkey, hürriyet.com.tr, was selected for analysis. Using the keywords ‘addiction’, ‘struck gold’, ‘marijuana’ and ‘pleasure-inducing substance’, 47 news articles were examined. Based on the analysis, 5 themes have been identified: (a)Discourse on the Harms of Addiction and Combatting Addiction, (b)Alerting, Fear-Inducing, and Regulatory Language Strategy, (c)The Discourse of 'The Diversity of Addiction' Through Unusual Objects, (d)The Development of the ‘Struck Gold Discourse’ Over Time: From Notices of Death to Success Stories, (e)About Pleasure: Discourses on Restricting Pleasure Despite Its Necessity. The findings indicate that the government places a high priority on the fight against addiction, which is supported by legislative language strategies. News reports that place a strong emphasis on the quantity of captured drugs have implicitly indicated the intensity of demand for drugs. Furthermore, it has been observed that there is a transformation on using discourse of the "struck gold", shifting from death-related news to success and competition-related news. Finally, it has been found that two distinct discourses are at play regarding pleasure: one emphasizing the need for its limitation, and the other arguing for its continuous acquisition and pursuit. It is recommended to consider the issue of addiction in the context of its relationship with the law and pleasure.

PROFILING TURKISH VEGAN TOURIST; HOW VEGAN ARE THEY ON HOLIDAYS?

Beyza HATIRNAZ — 2024-08-29

The research has been handled in order to determine the vegan tourist profile, which is a relatively new market for Turkey, and to reveal the touristic business and type preferences. In this context, a pre-interview was held with 20 Turkish vegans, and the options to be presented in the next step were determined, and then questions were asked to 365 other Turkish vegans about to get the demographic data, and the data related to tourist business preferences, holiday type preferences, and the vegan elements they pay attention to in businesses. One of the most important issues that emerged within the scope of the research is that there is no platform that can allow vegans to search for content or enable them to exchange information with each other. Apart from this, it has been revealed that as long as vegans are not exposed to animal cruelty, they generally see vegan alternatives as sufficient.

EXAMINATION OF LIFE SPACES IN EARLY REPUBLIC PERIOD RURAL SETTLEMENTS THROUGH FILM: THE EXAMPLE OF ‘’AYSEL BATAKLI DAMIN KIZI’’

Firdevs KULAK TORUN — 2024-08-29

The cinema industry, which presents various perspectives on different lives, personalities, and lifestyles on the screen, has become one of the significant forms of art in today's world. In addition to being an art form, it demonstrates a collaborative field with numerous scientific disciplines throughout its development. Among the scientific fields closely related to the art of cinema, architecture and interior design are also included. This collaboration is crucial to conveying the constructed story realistically to the audience. Cinema, referred to as the eighth art, is among the domains that encapsulate technological advancements and reflect them effectively. The development of the cinema industry has continued from the recent past to the present day. This art form initially emerged and evolved in Europe and America. Films produced in Europe and America have reached audiences in various parts of the world. In our country, it initially met the public during the final years of the Ottoman Empire, followed by the production of our own films. Within the scope of this study, the film "Aysel Bataklı Damın Kızı’’ which was produced during the Early Republican Era and written and directed by Muhsin Ertuğrul, has been selected. This film has been chosen due to its portrayal of early rural life within the context of the Early Republican Era and its accessibility in its original form to this day. In the film under consideration, evaluations have been conducted concerning the characters' living spaces. As a result of the conducted evaluations, conclusions have been reached regarding the residential structures present in village life.

CONSERVATION PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF HISTORIC FOUNTAIN STRUCTURES IN HARPUT: SQUARE FUNTAIN AND THREE BOWL FOUNTAIN

Tuba Nur OLĞUN — 2024-08-29

As a vital part of human life, water has been shaping the built environment for centuries. Throughout history, in addition to the establishment of settlements in locations close to water resources, structures that provide water use have been built in these areas. One of the most important water structures with different functions such as cisterns, aqueducts, bends and water channels is fountain structures. It is possible to come across fountain structures designed and used in different ways depending on the living culture in almost every part of the world. In this sense, Anatolia is one of the richest geographies. Hundreds of fountain structures were built in many parts of Anatolia due to the establishment of deep-rooted civilizations and densely populated settlements in Anatolia before Islam and the importance of water in the context of belief after Islam. In this sense, one of the settlements where these structures are concentrated is Harput. The aim of the study is to examine the historical fountain structures in Harput as cultural assets that need to be conserved and to present their problems in this sense and to offer suggestions for their transfer to the future. Within the scope of the study, two fountain structures located in central locations in today's Harput historical texture and dated to the Ottoman Period are examined in detail. The study method consists of literature reviews, on-site observations and survey studies, period analysis/suggestions, determination of conservation problems and presenting suggestions. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the examined fountains are partially conserved and that there are points that needed improvement in terms of both structural and intangible cultural values. It is aimed to contribute to the conservation of the structures and their correct transfer to the next generations by presenting suggestions for this.

INVESTIGATION OF THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE TRANSPORT SECTOR USING THE DUPONT FINANCIAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM

İlker KEFE — 2024-08-29

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the financial performance of firms operating in the transportation sector and listed on the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 using the DuPont financial analysis technique. The analysis reveals that the asset turnover of the sector was positive in the years 2020, 2021, and 2022; while the asset profitability, equity profitability, and net profit margin were negative in 2020 and positive in 2021 and 2022. Except for the debt ratio, the sector data showed a positive increase over the years. The analysis results indicate that in 2022, all firms exhibited positive values in net profit margin and asset turnover, resulting in higher asset profitability. Furthermore, due to the increase in net profit margin and asset turnover in 2022, equity profitability also improved. In terms of net profit margin, considering a 3-year period spanning 2022, 2021, and 2020, it was determined that Trabzon Port Management Inc., a firm in the maritime sector, demonstrated the best performance according to DuPont analysis data.

THE PERCEPTION OF TIME IN EAST AND WEST: THE CASE OF THE MOVIE "BEŞ VAKIT"

Yavuz KÜÇÜKALKANSerkan ÖZTÜRK ,Mustafa KARA — 2024-08-29

The way of time' perceiving has varied from era to era and region to region. The biggest factor in this is what life is centered on. It is obvious that the perception of time in a religion-centered life and the perception of time in a profane lifestyle will not be similar. At the same time, the nature of religion, which is also accepted in life where religion is at the center, is an important triangulation point in the division of time. In this context, as in many fields of social sciences, the concepts of East and West come to the fore. The fact that the East's view of life and the West's view of life are different has made their perception of time dissimilar. In addition, the fact that the view of life in the West began to differentiate with modern thought necessitates a division into pre-modern and post-modern in evaluations of the West. The fact that modern thought began to spread across the world later on created a duality in the mentality and then in the way of life in the places it reached. Especially in countries like Turkey, this conflict has sometimes led to important crises and sometimes to the emergence of fruitful intellectual considerations. This study focuses on where the perception of time in Turkey has been fed from in the historical process and its reflections on Reha Erdem's movie "Beş Vakit". Qualitative content analysis method is used in the analysis of the film discussed in the study. The changing understanding of time as a result of the modernization efforts of Turkish society, which is a non-Western society, and the debates about it were reflected in the film "Beş Vakit" and this conflict manifested itself through symbols, expressions and situations.

A RESEARCH ON THE ONTOLOGY OF VIRTUAL ACTIONS

Ergün AVCI — 2024-08-29

The study of the ontology of virtual actions is essentially an examination of the nature of actions in virtual environments directly. This article first examined traditional research on the subject and then showed that these researches ignored findings about the nature of virtual actions. Previous studies have dealt with virtual action mostly from an ethical, psychological, or legal framework and focused on the individual or social effects of virtual action. In addition, these studies discuss not the virtual action itself, but its effect or consequences. Based on these findings, in this study, it was emphasized that a virtual action should be investigated through two different types at a minimum, and an alternative method was developed for studies on virtual actions. According to this method, which is called the Sophisticated Action Model, it has been argued that in virtual action research, firstly the subject performing the action and then the environment in which the action takes place should be analyzed. It is claimed that the difference of virtual subject and environment will also differentiate the ontology of virtual action. In this context, the focus of the article is on the fact that an action augmented by any virtual action has completely different ontologies. The status of augmented actions within virtual actions is considered superior to other virtual actions. The fact that augmented actions, which have such an important status among virtual actions, were ignored in previous studies makes these studies on virtual actions incomplete and flawed. The nature of augmented actions takes virtual actions to a completely different atmosphere. The article concludes by emphasizing this distinctive nature of augmented actions, the ontological separation of virtual actions, and the importance of the Sophisticated Action Model for further studies.

TEACHING TURKISH LANGUAGE IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF KYRGYZSTAN

Sibel BARCIN — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the learning and teaching processes of Turkish in Kyrgyzstan. In this direction, the study examined educational institutions teaching Turkish in Kyrgyzstan. Qualitative research method was used and document analysis was applied. The aim of the research is teaching Turkish to Turkic representatives. The sample of the research consists of educational institutions in Kyrgyzstan that teaches Turkish. In this context, educational institutions in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, and the Faculty of Theology of Osh State University in Osh region were examined. Web pages and various literatures that could give an answer to the purpose of the study were studied. Content analysis was used to analyze the data collected during the study. Considering the cultural and historical ties between the two countries, it has been determined that it helps strengthen the relations between the two countries. It is believed that the result of the study will contribute to the process of teaching the Turkish language to Turkic representatives.

AARON COPLAND’S “POPULAR” AND “SERIOUS” STYLES

Irmak SABUNCU — 2024-08-29

The sociocultural situation in the United States of America, which was not disturbed by the communist ideology of the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany during the Great Depression after World War I and World War II, was a direct determinant of Aaron Copland’s career. In this context, the composer succeeded in creating American melodies in the norms of international art music and also in a way to arouse the interest of the middle generation of the period. On the other hand, like many intellectuals of the period, he was also affected by the paranoia of communism that emerged in America after World War II and penetrated the very bones of the state. In this period, the two opposite periods of the composer’s life, who turned towards serialism, which he initially opposed, are one of the most important turning points of international art music, that is, classical music in America. This article, compiled from the publications of Crist, De Lapp and Birket, briefly touches upon these two contrasting periods of the composer’s life.

IMPACT OF SPORTS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON HEALTH BEHAVIOUR: A SOCIOLOGICAL OVERVIEW

Cihan AKKAYA — 2024-08-29

There is a close relationship between sports, physical activity and health, which is examined in multiple studies. These studies show that sports and physical activity are important for protecting and improving health. However, sports and physical activity can also have some negative effects depending on their level, duration, intensity and type. On the other hand, this close relationship is a product of historical, cultural and scientific effects. In the course of time, awareness has been raised with regard to doing regular sports and physical activities in order to enhance health and life quality and a common social awareness has been formed in this regard despite the failure to achieve the desired level of participation in such activities. This transformation can be analysed in terms of process sociology. Sports and physical activity are closely related to healthism and medicalization processes. While healthism affects participation in sports and physical activity by putting pressure on individuals to protect and improve health, medicalization has introduced medical approach and terminology to this field. These processes are effective in emphasizing the link between sports and physical activity and a healthy lifestyle. Nevertheless, an excessiveness in the impact of such processes may be harmful to health. Excessive healthism can lead to issues such as stress, pressure, body image and self-respect. Medicalization may reduce sports to negative aspects and weaken personal experience. For this reason, it is important to adopt a balanced approach towards the relationship between sports, physical activity and health both on a mass and professional level.

THE EFFECTS OF INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA ON TODAY’S ART

Selda ALPYağmur Burcu Öz — 2024-08-29

In addition to creating a new art form, digital technologies have ensured the universalization of art, and the internet and social media platforms have made it easier for the whole world to communicate with each other. Both artists and art institutions had to adapt to the rapidly developing technologies, and as the adaptation was achieved the usage has increased. The Internet and social media platforms have affected every field of art from the creation to its exhibition and art trade, and besides influencing the creation processes of artists, internet and social media platforms have provided the opportunity to the artist to exhibit themselves, and have made the radical changes in the art world necessary. In this article, the effects of internet and social media platforms on art institutions, artist and the creation of art have discussed. First, the effects of internet and social media platforms on the exhibition of art and then the effects of the artists on the art creation processes are given.

A TEXTUAL OVERVIEW OF TEACHER SPEECHES: HELLO I AM YOUR TURKISH TEACHER

Tuğrul Gökmen ŞAHİN — 2024-08-29

Co-operation between child and teacher, teacher and family is important. The teacher should first guide the student correctly and then raise awareness of the family about how to participate in the education of the child at home. The aim of the study is to reveal which topics Turkish teachers address in their speeches prepared for parents and students. In this study, case design from qualitative research method was used. This design was preferred since the aim of the study was to reveal which issues Turkish teachers address in their speeches prepared for parents and students. The study included 25 Turkish teachers working in public schools in the Eastern Anatolia region. At the end of the study, it was observed that the teachers emphasised learning in their impromptu speeches during their communication with the students, and the importance of children's success in the course, how to learn better, and the importance of the grade they received was given a great place both in the teacher's speeches to the class and in the parent-teacher communication. In addition, it is seen that teachers' introducing themselves, giving examples from themselves, and students' getting to know their teachers in many areas contributed to the teacher-student relationship, and cooperation was emphasised the most in the parent-teacher interviews.

ANALYSIS OF MALE VOICES IN MOZART OPERAS IN TERMS OF GENRE, ROLE AND CHARACTER

Yavuz KELEBEK Nurdan KIZILDELİ SALIK — 2024-08-29

In this qualitative study, which aims to examine the male voices in Mozart's Operas in terms of genre, role and character; Among the 22 operas composed by Mozart, the 10 most performed and known works were selected. The data were obtained from domestic and foreign sources (articles, theses, etc.) both on the internet and through literature search from libraries. The data obtained were interpreted and analyzed by the researcher in the light of the literature. Among the selected operas, Mozart preferred tenor voices more in terms of voice type (8), in line with the roles he wrote for male voices, in love with tenor voices, hero, savior, protector, kind, benevolent, beloved, elegant, brave, rich, position, good-hearted, ruler, father, friend, noble, justice-seeking, clergyman, soldier, servant, traitor, dictator; on the other hand, they have a high interest in women, act as soldiers or jesters due to their duties, etc. results have been achieved.

THE EFFECTS OF RELIGIOUS FAITH AND CLERGY IN THE MILITARY STRUGGLES OF THE TURKEY SELJUK STATE’S (1075-1176)

Esra ÇEÇENRamazan ALTINAY — 2024-08-29

In the Middle Ages, it is known that religious belief played a great role in every field both in the Christian world and in the Islamic world. Because religion was at the center of people's cultures and states' world perceptions and understandings in the Middle Ages. All kinds of worldly things, state, administration, politics, economy, family, wealth, marriage etc. it is always and absolutely connected with religion and gains legitimacy by religion. As a matter of fact, the coronation ceremonies of the Eastern Roman (Byzantium) emperors by the patriarch in the ambon of Hagia Sophia show that the emperor and his administration were found to be legitimate in religion. Again, after the Dandanakan Victory, the envoys of Tughril Beg were immediately sent to Baghdad, in order to have the newly established Great Seljuk State approved by the caliph, or rather religiously. Then Tughril Beg, who took back Baghdad, which was captured by the Fatimids, was declared the sultan of the east and the west by the Caliph al-Qā’im Bi-amri’llāh. This situation reveals that the Great Seljuks were devoted to the religion of Islam and took on the task of protecting it. Undoubtedly, this understanding was continued in Turkey Seljuks, who came from the same lineage as this state. For this reason, religious belief was the determining factor in administration, politics, military and other activities in Turkey Seljuks. Ultimately we in this article, we will try to provide some kind of this understanding. Within this scope, information will be given about the effects of the religious beliefs of the sultans and the rulers of the state or principality in question on the military struggles, at the conquest movements and at the defense situations of the Turkey Seljuk State until the Battle of Myriokephalon. Initially, the role of Byzantium in the emergence of the Crusades will be mentioned, and then the effects of Christianity in the increase of participation in these expeditions and the effects of Islam in the struggles against the Crusaders will be mentioned. Then it will be emphasized that of the Byzantine Emperor II. John Komnenos nephew John’, accepted Islam and passed to the Turkey Seljuk side. In addition, will be revealed to these struggles the reflections of the religious or sectarian differences of the people living and administrators in the region in the conquest movements of the Turkish Seljuk State against the Armenians. Research, will be concluded by specifying the effects of religion and clergy in the military struggle of the Sultan II. Kilij Arslan' against Nizam al-Din Yaghi-Basan from Dânishmends.

A OVERVIEW AT TODAY’S ARTIST’S SELF-SEEKING FROM THE MERLEAU-PONTY PHILOSOPHY

Neslihan AKKAYABarış YILMAZ — 2024-08-29

From the very beginning of our existence, we are the direct witness of ourself. We act with our selves on the path we will follow, in our choices. Therefore, the self finds itself through the activity of making sense. A person who thinks he has a self fills this self by thinking and making sense within the framework of his experiences. In the philosophy of existentialism, it has been accepted that signification is a thinking system. Thinking activity is a human activity. This is not possible apart from our existence as human beings. Man builds himself by thinking. In a way, man has the ability to design his own essence if he wishes. There are people who reveal their existence with their own selves in society. The best example that can be given based on all these thoughts is the artists. A work of art is also the self-representation of its creator. In this article, Merleau-Ponty studies have been evaluated through the discussion of the self in conjunction with art.

ENEMY THAT DOESN’T FIT INTO WORLDS OR MASS CULTURE AND “VİLLİAN”

Ömer Faruk AYDIN — 2024-08-29

Illness, by its very nature, carries an unsettling, frightening meaning that should be avoided. In this sense, biological and physiological disorders represent one wing of the pole in the effort of standardization. On the other side of the pole, and on the side that will be discussed in the article, there are psychological disturbances. The "illness" concept of psychological disorders that visual arts prefer to use as content/basic/instrument is quite far from what should be avoided. Among the examples that create the desire to have a disease by transforming the romanticized and aestheticized disease into an allure element, the movie Joker -which representative of this approach- was discussed. By examining the reflections of the economic squeeze and the effort to weaken the anomaly by normalizing it, the change in the way capital, view of capital, ideal life, expectation, disappointment and reaction are portrayed is exemplified by comparing the film with its predecessors.

PROBLEMS FACED BY SECONDARY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS DURING COMMUNICATION

Abuzer Gaffar SARAÇAli Mehmet ÖZTÜRK ,Mahmut SARAÇ ,Ahmet YAŞAR ,Dilek SARAÇ — 2024-08-29

The initiator of the communication process in the school is the school administrator. The communication skills of school administrators are very important for the functioning of the school. From time to time, communication problems occur in schools due to administrators, teachers, students and other stakeholders of the school. In this study, it was tried to determine the problems experienced by the administrators working in secondary schools in the communication process. Qualitative data in the research were collected in the second term of the 2022-2023 academic year by means of semi-structured interviews with 22 secondary school administrators working in the Şehitkamil District of Gaziantep province by following the purposive sampling method. The data obtained during the interviews were analyzed with the descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the research, it was determined that the communication problems of secondary school administrators in schools were similar to each other.

POSTGRADUATE THESES WRITTEN ON ‘’ EDUCATIONAL MUSIC’’

Deniz SALURErdal TUĞCULAR — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the postgraduate theses written on Educational Music in Turkey with different variables. Literature scanning was carried out for the purpose of collecting data. As a result of the search in YÖK Thesis Center database with the keyword ‘’Educational Music’’, 27 theses written between 1987-2020 were reached. However, since 24 theses were reached and 3 theses could not be reached, 24 theses were included in the study. Criteria have been set and theses were examined. The criteria set are universities, institutes, the years in which theses are prepared, postgraduate levels and consulting titles. The study is a qualitative one. Case study pattern was used in the research. The data has been evaluated using the technique of document analysis. The results for data were converted to table after calculating in frequency and percentage and then interpreted. An assessment found that the theses were prepared only in the area of music that twenty-four ( 88%) were master’s theses, three( 12 %) were doctoral theses and the universities in which the most theses were written were Gazi University and Atatürk University.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE ON THE SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN THROUGH RESEARCHES

Mine DUMANBetül YAĞBASAN ,Büşra İÇELLİ SAÇIN ,Ender DURUALP — 2024-08-29

Recently, natural disasters are one of the most important events affecting both the world and our country. Considering the results, the type of disaster that causes the most loss of life and property and has the highest number of occurrences is earthquakes. Earthquakes negatively affect people's lives in many ways such as economic, health and psychological. Traumas experienced after the earthquake; affect every aspect of human life for a long time. Children are among the groups most affected by this situation, as they are vulnerable and dependent on their parents. As a result of the devastating effects of the earthquake, the disruption of daily life of children and their social, emotional and spiritual development suffer from regression. In this review, it will be focused on how the social emotional development of children is affected by the earthquake and how they should be supported in order to reduce the effects.

THE BASIC THEMES EXPLORED IN THOMAS OWEN'S FANTASTIC STORIES

Nisa Bilge FİDANCI — 2024-08-29

Thomas Owen (1910-2002), who was one of the prominent figures in 20th century Belgian fantasy literature, is known for his unique style. He combines imaginary events and fictional characters within real settings in his stories. His stories are not solely focused on creating fear; they also embark on an internal journey by confronting individuals with themselves (their fears, hidden secrets, suppressed memories) while communicating a message. Owen skillfully maintains a sense of unease and suspense in each part of the narrative, thus emphasizing curiosity. Another notable contribution of the author to the genre is the active role of female characters, which often took a backseat in the works of his contemporaries, but in Owen's stories, they become as significant as the main characters, evolving into story themes. Women are explored as a central theme in Owen's works and they exert control over the course of the stories, thereby becoming a milestone in fantasy literature. The aim of this study is to discuss the elements of fantasy in Thomas Owen's stories, evaluating them within the context of the subjects and themes of the stories. The primary of this study is the anthology titled The Black Book of Extraordinary Things: Thomas Owen's Strange and Fantastic Stories which brings together the author's selected narratives. The narratives in this work are Amanda, why?, Mirror, Have Mercy on the Shadows, Motel Party, Night at the Castle, and Daughter of the Rain. At the beginning of the themes observed in the narratives; woman, eroticism, death, deadly love, ghost. These themes will be examined with the literary analysis method, a comprehensive literature review will be made and the findings will be synthesized according to Owen's understanding of fantastic literature.

THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF GLOBAL CRISES ON TOURISM: A STUDY ON THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Deniz KOÇMuammer BEZİRGAN — 2024-08-29

Due to its sensitive structure, the tourism sector can be easily damaged by any situation that may occur in the internal and external environment. A decrease in tourism demand, which is a very important source of income for countries, causes tourism enterprises to lose income. Especially crises occurring on a global basis cause more damage to the tourism industry. These crises, which cause a decrease in tourism mobility, also bring economic crises. In 2019, the covid-19 pandemic, which was declared as a global crisis, negatively affected both social and working life. The aim of this thesis is to reveal the economic effects of the covid-19 pandemic on the tourism industry. In line with this purpose, managers working in four- and five-star hotel establishments in Istanbul constitute the sample of the study. Data were collected by conducting face-to-face interviews with tourism managers through a semi-structured interview form. The collected data were tried to be explained with the logical codes created. As a result of the research, it is seen that hotel businesses experienced economic problems in this process and took measures such as short-term or complete closure, laying off employees and reducing costs to cope with these problems. The most important problem experienced by businesses after the pandemic is that the personnel who left their jobs due to economic difficulties do not return. This situation creates a shortage of qualified personnel in the sector.

A REVIEW OF FINE ARTS HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TO VIOLIN LESSONS

Demet EMENEvrim İÇÖZ — 2024-08-29

Attitude, which can be briefly defined as attitude or behavior, emerges as a product of individuals' emotional development and gives individuals the feeling of approaching or moving away from a positive or negative situation. Since this feeling affects students' acquisition of relevant knowledge and skills in the learning process, attitudes have an important place in this process. In line with this importance this research examines Fine Arts High School (FAHS) students' attitudes to violin lessons. The research is a descriptive field study. The relevant data were collected using the “Attitude Scale Towards Violin Lessons” developed by Doğan (2017). The study group of the research consists of 34 students studying in the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades of Samsun İlkadım FAHS in the 2022/2023 academic year and receiving violin education within the scope of instrument education. In line with the research findings, it was concluded that the attitudes of the students who received violin education within the scope of instrument education at FAHS towards violin lessons were mostly positive (x̄=3.36).

AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS SUBJECTED TO DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS IN IMAM HATIP HIGH SCHOOLS

Ahmet SARIKAYA — 2024-08-29

Non-Thesis Master’s Project, Department of Educational Sciences, Educational Administration Supervision Planning and Economics Department Project Advisor: Assoc. Doc. Dr. Funda NAYİR May 2020, 46 Pages The aim of the study is to present an analysis on students subjected to disciplinary actions in Imam Hatip High Schools in the province of Denizli and to present whether disciplinary actions were effective in eliminating undesirable behaviors and achieving terminal behaviors by considering students’ feelings and opinions towards disciplinary actions and attitudes of their friends and parents towards students. A qualitative case study was used in the research and the students who were studying in Imam Hatip High Schools in Merkezefendi and Pamukkale districts of the province of Denizli and subjected to disciplinary actions in these schools in the 2018-2019 school year were formed the study group. Descriptive analysis method was used to evaluate the data. Interviews with 12 students subjected to disciplinary actions were used as data collection tools. An interview form developed for this purpose was used. The results obtained in this study are as follows: Disciplinary actions have been found to be effective in preventing almost all the students from exhibiting undesirable behaviors for the second time. The main reasons why students avoided exhibiting undesirable behaviors are the fear of being subjected to further disciplinary action, getting reactions from their parents and having a disciplinary record in their disciplinary file. On the other hand, disciplinary actions have been found to be insufficient to encourage students to adopt desirable behaviors inside and outside the school. The results have revealed that guidance provided by the school counselling service and parents’ constructive approach in the wake of the disciplinary action have found to be effective in enabling students to reevaluate their mistakes from an objective point of view and become more willing to exhibit desirable behaviors by embracing the code of conducts. As the result of the study, it is suggested that students should be informed periodically about the code of conducts by their schools. In addition to penalizing undesirable behaviors, desirable behaviors should also be reinforced. Given the fact that ix parents have influence over students, it is necessary that preventive practices, in collaboration with parents, should be undertaken against undesirable behaviors. Discipline policies need to be revised in the light of the contemporary approaches and methods of discipline having higher validity, instead of the traditional approaches and methods of discipline. In addition, teachers’ opinions, as well as students’ opinions, should be taken into account.