The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2023 Issue 143

DOCUMENT OF THE KNOWN? SELF-FULING PROPHET? PRESENTATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IN THE MEDIA

Aytuğ MERMER ÜZÜMLÜ — 2026-07-16

Public opinion research can be defined as the fieldwork carried out in order to reveal certain final features in a narrow place. As it can be understood from its definition, the main claim of explanatory research is to expose the existing objectively. According to the sources of the research, products or services in commercial organizations, messages given in social organizations, policies followed and actions carried out are reviewed, and a chance to meet with the target audience at the most appropriate point is achieved. While this is the ideal function of public opinion polls, in practice some general polls can make what is presented available rather than presenting it. This kind of research research is carried out in the same country as ideal research research and has a scientific claim. While this study draws a general framework about the mission and objects of their research, also critically examines the effects of these researches on revealing the truth and turning what they reveal into reality.

VIRTUAL REALITY PROBLEMS

Alper Raif İPEK — 2026-07-16

Virtual reality is an artificial environment experienced by stimuli such as images and sounds provided by a computer, where the actions of the individual partially determine what happens in the environment. While augmented reality elevates the existing reality in the physical environment, virtual reality creates new reality in the artificial environment independently of the environment. The development of all virtual reality applications used today depends on the developments in mobile phone technology. For this reason, its development is mainly on the creation of a real perception by deceiving the sense of sight through imaging systems. Giving weight to the sense of sight may cause other problems due to the physiological structure of the eye. The development for the haptic system has not yet progressed beyond gloves and clothing. The main problem that comes with virtual reality apps is that they must be perfect. The timing of every movement of the user in the virtual environment must be correct and matched exactly. When the movements do not match simultaneously, the visual system conflicts with the vestibular system and disturbances occur. Although virtual reality-related diseases are named in various ways and used as the same, they are different disorders because they are separated by their causes. Although sensory systems perceive virtuality as real, consciousness is fully aware that it is in an artificial state. The fact that virtual reality systems only focus on seeing and hearing has led to the development of systems for more head areas. A system in which the whole body can move fully as in the physical environment has not been developed yet. Virtual reality systems offer limited physical movement. As in every system, virtual reality systems also carry mental and/or physical risks when not used correctly. Another point about virtual reality systems is that the systems are difficult to access due to their high costs. The aim of this study, which uses qualitative research methods, is to investigate the outputs of virtual reality systems in the virtuality process and to examine the problems related to virtuality from past to present. Many virtual reality systems have been examined in the historical process, literature research on the subject has been made and an evaluation has been revealed by comparing all the problems in the virtuality process.

EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS TEACHERS' OPINIONS ON IN-SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAMS

2026-07-16

It is observed that people's research skills have increased as the information age has become widespread. It is seen that people develop in many ways with the regularity of reading habits. In this sense, teachers, who are one of the most important building blocks of the education process, have a great impact on both the society and the students. Therefore, making reading a habit in society and directing people to read is one of the most important duties of teachers. This study is a study conducted to examine the reading habits of teachers. In the study group of the research, face-to-face interview technique was used with 20 different branch teachers working in Gaziantep and on a voluntary basis. In the research, using the interview method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, the data obtained were analyzed by the content analysis method. As a result of the research; Teachers stated that reading books provides positive support and has positive contributions in many ways. It has been observed that the teachers participating in the research generally like to read books and have the habit of reading books regularly. The teachers participating in the research; It was concluded that they could not spare enough time to read books due to workload at school, spending time with family and technological tools, but they saw reading as beneficial in many ways.

EXAMINATION OF TEACHERS' STUDENT METAPHORS

Metin ÇETİN — 2026-07-16

This study was conducted in order to determine how teachers' perceptions of the concept of "student" are expressed using metaphors. 50 teachers who will participate in the research voluntarily were selected from preschool teachers working in official preschool institutions in Şereflikoçhisar district of Ankara province. The study group is like a Student...arranged by the researcher, because...” the interview form (Apx-1) with the question has been applied. Requests were made to fill in the gaps. The answers given by the study group were conceptually categorized according to the reason for use, according to their positive nature, and the findings of the research were obtained. Looking at the findings, it is observed that teachers prefer to use the metaphors of “flower”, “mirror” and “star” the most about the concept of “student”. . According to the reason, it was concluded that they responded most in the categories of “being formable”, “not being receptive” and “being protective. It has been found that almost all of the teachers who make up the study group use positive metaphors related to the concept of students. It is thought that this study will contribute to the applications related to the student.

Comparison of Classical and Romantic Period Violin Composers and Their Works

Melek GÖKÜSTÜN — 2026-07-16

After the Baroque Period, the change of string instrument works started to change depending on the technical dynamics and the melodic structures of the newly composed works. Starting from this point, it is quite remarkable that accompaniment and melodies got rid of the counterpoint structure among the works of the Classical Period. With the development of forms, mostly heterophonic instrument groups (string and woodwind instruments) began to come to the fore in his solo works. Composing works based on the obtained sound power and clarity made it necessary to use new bow techniques, especially string instruments. In the first part of the study, bow techniques developed with examples from Classical Period and Romantic Period violin works and interpretive differences according to the Baroque Period are mentioned. Technical suggestions are given by mentioning the characteristic structure of the Classical Period. In the second part, the musical emotion in the works of the Romantic Period composers that they composed within the scope of the political events in their period was mentioned. The contribution of the violin technique, which developed in the Romantic Period, to the musical and playing technique of the instrument, unlike the Classical Period, is mentioned. In this process, the general characteristics of the Romantic Period works were also mentioned and both subjects were blended. Finally, by combining the sources and data obtained in the study, evaluations were made within the scope of musicality and playing techniques in both periods, and suggestions were presented based on the sources obtained.

EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY PERCEPTION AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG EMPLOYEES

Saliha YURTÇİÇEK ERENNeşe ÖZDEMİR ,Gözde ÇALIŞKAN AKIMAL — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between body image and life satisfaction in employees. The sample of the study consists of 161 administrative staff. Personal Information Form, Body Perception Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale were used in the study. In the analysis of the data, skewness and kurtosis values showed normal distribution. For this reason, Independent Samples t-test, which is one of the parametric test techniques in paired groups, and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare more than two groups. Pearson Correlation analysis was performed for the relationship between body image scale and life satisfaction. The level of significance was accepted as p<0.05 in all analyzes. A moderately significant negative correlation was found between body image and life satisfaction. It was concluded that the increase in body satisfaction of the participants also increased their life satisfaction.

TRENDS OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE FIELD OF BAGLAMA EDUCATION - A CONTENT ANALYSIS

İsmail SÖZEN — 2026-07-16

The aim of the research is to examine the articles published in the field of baglama education in Turkey in terms of research methods, data collection tools, study groups and subject areas and to determine their contributions to the field. For this purpose, firstly, Google Akademik, DergiPark Akademik, TR Index and Sobiad databases were searched using the keyword "baglama". At the end of the search, 97 studies were reached. As a result of the examination; It was decided that 48 articles related to the field of baglama education and published between 2010 and 2022 are suitable for the repository. Studies were analyzed by content analysis method. As a result of the analysis; the studies were methodologically structured mostly according to the survey model (f= 22) and theoretical (f= 18) approach; document analysis (f= 21), questionnaire (f= 14) and interview form (f= 13) were used as data collection tools, respectively; As the working group, it was determined that the documents were mostly preferred. It has been determined that the subject tendencies in the articles are oriented towards evaluation of the teaching process (f= 17), method/technique (f= 11), material review (f= 10), and material suggestion (f= 6), respectively, according to the frequency. In the studies, it has been seen that the effort to find solutions to the problems experienced in the field of baglama education is at the forefront. It is expected that the results will provide some clues to the researchers who will work on the subject.

AN ASSESSMENT ON REVICTIMIZATION: ECOLOGICAL APPROACH

Beyza Naz DENİZ — 2026-07-16

In limited research on revictimization, it is emphasized that social support is an important factor in the psychological recovery of victims of sexual assault. It is thought that adopting an ecological approach in terms of understanding the nature of revictimization and evaluating the possible roles of the victims around the victims will be beneficial to carry out preventive studies in the future. Negative social reactions that victims may receive may increase the likelihood of having risky behaviors in cope with their grievance and lead to a risk of being targeted by potential perpetrators. It is thought that well analyzing environmental variables such as culture, discrimination, racism and sexism at macrosystem level will be beneficial in the studies to prevent women's revictimization. It is also foreseen that the development of social cognitive models accordingly will reduce the risk.

GRADUATE STUDENTS' PERCEPTION OF THE TOPICS COVERED DURING THE "MEDİA PSYCHOLOGY" COURSE WHO ARE ENROLLED IN MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT MASTER’S PROGRAM

Cihan OĞUZ — 2026-07-16

The presence of media as the fourth estate not only shows the forms communication take place in a society and its effects/reflections, but also explains how media manages these processes as a result of its internal dynamics. These internal dynamics of the media, e.g. its editorial policies, the way it presents the news or developments, its sense of ethics or its institutional structure, do not remain only as an internal reality but also aims to inject these aspects to its audience through artificial means such as perception management, manipulation, framing and influence, as it is especially the media who is able to realize the goal of establishing and influencing the common consciousness of the society. Neither the government nor the opposition or political parties and organizations as well as non-governmental organizations have the same appeal as the media. In fact, these powers influence and direct the society using the media. Moreover, all these powers owe their existence and power to the media. Indeed, media psychology is the field which studies, analyzes and scrutinizes all these processes. With a short history in the field of communications, media psychology is taught in very few universities both at undergraduate and graduate level in Turkey. This study has been carried out to measure how the Media Psychology course is perceived by Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Social Sciences Institute, Media and Communication Management program graduate students. Within the scope of the study, 8 students answered the following question on their final exam: “What did you understand during the term from the ‘Media Psychology course’? Discuss in 5-6 paragraphs", on which content and discourse analysis have been carried out.

COMPARISON OF SIMPLE AND DERIVATIVE VERBS IN ARTICLES A, B AND C OF THE TURKISH DICTIONARY WITH OLD ANATOLIAN TURKISH

Yasemin ÇELİK — 2026-07-16

This study focused on the use of verbs in Turkey and Turkish Old Anatolian Turkish. Accordingly, it is tried to be determined whether the verbs in Turkish Dictionary are used in Old Anatolian Turkish or in which forms and meanings. As known, the Old Anatolian Turkish, Turkey Turkish constitutes the first period. Therefore ancient Anatolian language features largely in terms of present-day Turkey in the Turkish and Turkish is also known that there are differences as well as similarities. These similarities and differences show themselves in sound and form features. But beside this, today's Turkey in the Turkish word used in some of the Old Anatolian Turkish in some words ever being used or located in Old Anatolian Turkish Turkish contemporary Turkey has attracted the attention that has never been used. Here in this study, of which only the Old Anatolian Turkish word, which is shown to be the only words used in today's Turkey Turkish. In the study, evaluation of vocabulary was only in the context of verbs, other word types were not examined. Since the number of verbs in the Turkish Dictionary is quite high, only the items A, B and C of the Turkish Dictionary have been examined, and the other items have been excluded. The study was based on Turkish Dictionary and Scan Dictionary. However, considering the fact that all the words of the period are not included in the Screening Dictionary, the text of Ahmed Fakîh's Kitâbu Evsâfı Mesâcidi'ş - Şeriîfe, Kutbeddin İznikî's Mukaddime, Muhammed bin Hamza's Kuran Tercümesi, Necâtî Bey Dîvânı, Şirvanlı Mahmud's Kemâliyye and Tuhfe-i Muradî were also included. The main objective of the study is scanning Dictionary with Turkish Dictionary between similarity and reveals the differences and thus Old Anatolian Turkish texts is to provide a contribution through Turkey, Turkish and historical lexicography to.

SADİ IŞILAY AND MUHAYYERKÜRDİ SAZ SEMAİ

Atalay DURMAZ — 2026-07-16

Sadi Işılay is one of the most important violinists of the 20th century, known for his simple performance on the violin, the use of long bows, the bright tone he extracted from the violin, the composition of instrumental pieces, the composition of lyric pieces, and the composition of film music. Işılay, who accompanied many artists in the country, composed and recorded records, lived in Paris for three years and gave concerts in countries such as India, Iran, Egypt, Syria, Cyprus and Iraq. He composed the soundtrack, song and instrumental work. Sultan-niyegâh sirto and Muhayyerkürdi saz semai are the most well-known and loved and performed works by Turkish saz performers. In this study, Sadi Işılay's interpretation of the mu-hayyerkürdi saz semai, whose composition belongs to Sadi Işılay, was notated. The ornaments used by the composer in the piece, the weight changes he made on the note from time to time, and the rhythmic differences were examined. Sadi Işılay interpretation of the notation was analyzed and it was determined that he used ornamental types such as the multiplication that takes its value before itself, the multiplication that takes its value from the next note, the double multiplication, the engraving note, and the grupetto. Based on these findings, it is suggested to continue the interpretation of Sadi Işılay, one of the most important violin players of Turkish music.

A CLAIMING ISSUE IN ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTION

Haluk SARUHAN — 2026-07-16

A pending issue is a matter that arises during the trial of a case and must be resolved by another competent authority in order for the case to be examined or concluded. As a rule, the court hearing the dispute will resolve the dispute itself. Due to the ex officio investigation principle that dominates the administrative procedure law, the court that hears a dispute will reach a decision by solving all the problems related to the dispute in question. A preliminary question refers to the issues that need to be resolved before a case can be continued or decided. However, the concept referred to as the "holding issue" is the exception to this situation. The institution of pre-emptive matter, which is used both in the civil procedure and in the administrative procedure; means that the court dealing with the dispute stops (or postpones) the hearing of the case and waits for the solution of the emerging problem, since another issue that needs to be resolved in order to make a decision on the dispute is not within its jurisdiction. If a preliminary problem arises during the trial, the interested party may raise it by petition or orally during the hearing. If the judge deems it worth examining the preliminary question put forward by the parties, he/she will give notice or notification to the other party in order to report the answer together with the evidence, if any, within the period to be determined.

EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF ART THERAPY ON REDUCING EMOTION REGULATION DIFFICULTIES: THERAPY OR EDUCATION?

Esra SAVAŞVolkan DEMİR — 2026-07-16

It can be said that the main goal of psychotherapy approaches is to change dysfunctional attitudes and behaviors. The therapeutic effectiveness of psychotherapy methods that lead to change, in other words, the establishment of a causal relationship between the change in the target behavior, symptom or disorder and the intervention is examined through effectiveness studies. Emotion regulation processes play an important role in the development of many psychopathologies. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the art therapy program on reducing the emotion regulation difficulties of individuals and to compare it with the effect of the same practices on reducing the emotion regulation difficulties of individuals participating in art therapy training, which is carried out in an experiential way. In the study, art therapy program was applied to the first experimental group and art therapy training was applied to the second experimental group. Psychology undergraduate and psychology graduate students participated in the study. Individuals who scored high on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and volunteered were assigned to the first experimental group (11) and the second experimental group (11) by random sampling method. The program was applied to both experimental groups once a week for a total of ten sessions, each session lasting 180 minutes. The same program developed by the program coordinator was applied to both groups. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to compare the groups within each other. As a result, it was found that the emotion regulation difficulties of the individuals who participated in the art therapy program decreased, and the difference between the mean pre-test and post-test scores of the individuals who participated in the art therapy training program was not significant at the .05 level. From this point of view, treatment motivation is an important issue for art therapy as in other treatment methods. It can be stated that being ready for change and taking steps towards recovery is an important factor in emotion regulation.

AN EVALUATION ON THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF THE CITY OF HERAT ACCORDING TO THE REPUTATIONS FROM TURKISH-ISLAMIC CITIES

Yusuf Ziya SÖYLEMEZ — 2026-07-16

In this study, it was written by the authors of the period, especially Seyf Herevi, Isfizari and Ibn Havkal, taking into account the strategic location of the city of Herât, Afghanistan, which is one of the most important centers of Turkish-Islamic culture and civilization, at an important point where commercial, military and migration routes intersect. The rumors of the establishment process of the city were examined based on the works taken from the city. The aim of this study, the subject of which is the construction of Herât according to the rumors as reflected in the sources; Although many studies have been carried out on the political activities of the political dominations that came to the city of Herât in our country, the social, economic and cultural effects of the construction of the city in the light of the main sources are not mentioned, so it is to reveal a unity in the light of the information given by the author of the period and contemporary sources. Qualitative research method document design was used in the study. In addition, explanatory information about the construction process of Herât, which was shaped within the framework of these issues, is also included. At the end of the study, suggestions were made to the researchers in the context of the results reached.

THE PROCESS OF THE CONCEPT OF AL-AḌDĀD BECOMING A TERM

Muhammet Kasım ERDEN — 2026-07-16

For the first time, Sībawayhi (d. 180/796), one of the Arabic linguists, divided the words into three parts: words whose wordings and meanings are different, words whose wordings are different and meanings are the same, words whose wordings are the same and meanings are different. He did not mention the phenomenon of al-aḍdād (which means that a word contains two opposite meanings) separately after the words whose wordings are the same and whose meanings are different, which is one of the concepts of Arabic semantics called ishtirâq (polysemy), and this situation has caused some discussions. At this point, the meanings of a polysemous word with two or more meanings may be completely different or even opposite to each other in a way that cannot be reconciled with each other and cannot be considered in the same place. On the other hand, sometimes the meanings of these polysemous words may be related to each other in such a way that one is part of the other. From this point of view, while some do not consider the common words in the class of ishtirāq because they accept them only on the condition that there is no relationship between them and there is such a relationship and connection between words with opposite meanings, others do not put forward the condition that there is no connection between the meanings of these words, and they generally consider the common words as a single word carrying more than one meaning and include the words known as al-aḍdād in the class of ishtirāq. When we come to the modern period, as in the classical period, some linguists stated that al-aḍdād is separate from ishtirāq, while others mentioned it as a part of this phenomenon. Although according to some, al-aḍdād is considered within the phenomenon of ishtirāq, a large number of works have been written on aḍdād independently of ishtirāq over time, especially today, and a large literature has emerged on this subject.

CERAMIC BODIES WITH INORGANIC ADDITION IN CONTEMPORARY CERAMIC ART

Fadliye YILMAZAli Temel KÖSELER — 2026-07-16

The data obtained from the ceramic findings belonging to different cultures show that the use of clay body with inorganic addition dates back thousands of years. This usage, which still continues today by craftsmen, artists and ceramic industry, has an important place in ceramic production. Inorganic additions consisting of materials that do not contain carbon and are not of plant or animal origin are classified as natural and artificial inorganic additions according to the methods of their production. While many of the natural inorganic additions can be found naturally in clays in nature, artificial inorganic additions are not found in nature as used. Artificial inorganic additions are obtained by chemical processing of natural materials or by transformation of artificial materials. Inorganic additions added to the clay body directly or after undergoing various preliminary preparation processes change the physical and chemical properties of the clay body during forming, drying and firing stages, which are the most important stages of ceramic production. Within the scope of the research, natural and artificial inorganic additions with different properties, which are widely used in contemporary ceramic art, were selected and their physical and chemical properties in ceramic bodies were evaluated through the works of the artists. In the research, it is aimed to examine the effects of commonly used inorganic additions on ceramic bodies through examples in contemporary ceramic art and to make stoneware body recipes with inorganic addition and artistic practices in this direction. In this research, how the used additions are used in clay bodies and their effects on clay bodies before and after firing will be discussed. The artists’ search for different and new materials in ceramic production has enabled the development of clay bodies with inorganic addition. Inorganic additions which not only contribute to the structural properties of clay bodies, but also increase their aesthetic value, have led to the birth of new forms of expression, thus inspiring artists to create many unique works.

IN AŞIK PASHA,'S GARIBNAME THE UNDERSTANDING OF MASTER AND DISCIPLE

Tugba NURLU — 2026-07-16

The aid of a guide is seen to be vital in the Sufi tradition for the process of spiritual training. The thoughts on how this spiritual training would be conducted, as well as the requirements and obligations of the disciple (murid) and master (murshid), are expressed in the works of the Sufis. Âşık Pasha's mathnavi named Garib-nâme, which consists of 10.613 couplets, is vital in terms of shedding light on the understanding of Sufism of the period. In this work, Âşık Pasha gave place to the sufi-related ethical issues. The aim of the study is to determine Âşık Pasha’s views in terms of disciple and master. The scope of the study is limited to the work named Garib-nâme. First of all, the definitions of the words and terminology of these concepts are explained. The accepted view on the significance of a guide in the Sufi discipline is stated. The commonly accepted demands of both a capable master and a disciple are given. Afterwards, Âşık Pasha’s value attributed to the master in the journey to reach Allah is underlined. It has been determined that Âşık Pasha built the master-disciple relationship on the existence of six issues. It is understood that while three of them belong to the master, he considered the third to be peculiar to the disciple. It has been understood that Âşık Pasha supported his expression with analogies and metaphors while expressing all these.

EXAMINATION OF TEACHERS' SOCIAL MEDIA USE EXPERIENCES

Alan AKDAĞEngin İŞ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to examine teachers' social media usage experiences. The research is in the descriptive survey model. The population of the research consisted of a total of 197 people working in primary, secondary and high schools in Mardin in the 2022-2023 academic year and selected by the probability sampling method. In the data analysis of the research, descriptive statistics such as frequency (f) and percentage (%) were used together with the descriptive statistics of the participants. In the research, 82.7% of the participating teachers saw the use of social media as a means of socialization, that is, about 4/3 of the participating teachers perceived the use of social media as a means of socialization. It has been determined that nearly half of the teachers (47.2%) allocate 1-2 hours to daily internet use. It was found that almost half of the teachers (41.6%) used Instagram at the most, followed by Twitter with 24.9% and Facebook by at least 8.6%. Today, it can be stated that for the duties and roles of an effective teacher, the ability to use social media effectively and efficiently will be added to the general culture, subject area knowledge, professional knowledge and skills, as well as being strong.

ATTITUDES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS REGARDING SCHOOL GUIDANCE SERVICES; EXAMPLE OF SAMSUN

Ahmet MIHCIOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of school principals working in primary schools towards the guidance services in their schools. In order to determine this, an evaluation was made by examining the answers given by school principals working in primary schools in terms of variables such as gender, age, educational status, length of service in the administration, and professional seniority in the evaluation of the guidance services provided in their schools. The universe of this study consists of 61 school principals working in Samsun Atakum and İlkadım districts in the 2021/2022 academic year. The research sample consists of 58 school principals selected by random sampling method from among these school principals. The data were collected with the "Personal Information Form" and the "Survey for Measuring School Principals' Attitudes Towards Guidance Services". For the data analysis of the research, the percentage distributions and frequencies of the answers given to the scale questions were found and the analysis was carried out in computer environment using the IBM SPSS 22.00 package program. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean and standard deviation, as well as Mann Whitney U test and Kruskall Wallis H tests were used. The significance level was taken as 0.05. As a result of the research, it was determined that the opinions of school principals on guidance services were positive and the contribution of guidance services to school management was emphasized.

THE CHANGE OF EDİRNEKAPI CEMETERY IN THE HISTORICAL PROCESS

İsmail SAĞDIÇMüşfika Gül AKDENİZ — 2026-07-16

The general appearance, which consists of the unity of residences and monumental structures in the Ottoman-Turkish city, integrates with the burial grounds and cemeteries that form the green areas of the city, making important contributions to the urban landscape and giving the city a distinctive beauty. Ottoman cemeteries in Istanbul expanded over the centuries; however, they were destroyed as a result of the interventions in the 19th and 20th centuries. Cemetery areas and tombstones were not given due importance and these cultural assets could not be preserved. It is not possible to document the destruction and change in cemeteries only by considering the tombstones. In addition, the destruction and changes in the cemetery areas should be revealed. Edirnekapı Cemetery expanded step by step in the centuries after the conquest of Istanbul, and it suffered great damage with the opening of new roads in the 20th century. As a result of the interventions, the pieces that were separated from the Edirnekapı Cemetery were renamed as independent cemeteries during the Republican period. In this article, the Edirnekapı Cemetery, located within the boundaries of Eyüpsultan district, has been examined by making use of historical maps and archive documents; It has been tried to reveal the changes it has undergone in the historical process by considering its current situation. tried to reveal the changes it has undergone in the historical process by considering its current situation.

AN OVERVIEW OF HOFSTEDE'S THEORY; TURKEY AND ALGERIA CLASSIFICATION

Rahil AICHA SIGAYasemin Bal — 2026-07-16

National culture has long been a focal point of research in the fields of international management and economics, both for individuals and international companies. Understanding the culture of a particular country is crucial, especially for multinational corporations that rely on expatriates to manage their local operations. Hofstede's work, published in 2011, has garnered considerable attention as it introduced a framework for understanding cultural differences across various countries. This research aims to delve into Hofstede's cultural framework and specifically focuses on two countries, Turkey and Algeria. By exploring and comparing their cultural dimensions, this study seeks to identify both the similarities and differences between these nations across six dimensions. The evaluation and comparison of cultural dimensions in Turkey and Algeria can provide valuable insights into the cultural characteristics and preferences of each country. Such analysis can aid individuals and organizations in understanding the cultural nuances, facilitating effective cross-cultural communication, and informing decision-making processes when engaging with these countries. By examining the cultural dimensions, researchers can uncover important information about values, beliefs, and behaviors that shape the business environment and interpersonal interactions within each country. This knowledge is instrumental in promoting successful cross-cultural collaborations and fostering mutual understanding between individuals and organizations from different cultural backgrounds.

CAREER-BASED EDUCATION: PROPOSAL FOR A NEW MODEL IN EDUCATION

Harun FENERCİMehmet ÖKSÜZER ,Deniz DOĞAN — 2026-07-16

Criticism and innovation efforts on the education system in the world and in our country have continued. Although radical reforms were made from time to time for this, nations’ expectations from education could not be met. According to the current education system in Türkiye, students' abilities and goals, the courses they take and the professions they want to choose do not match exactly; moreover, the difference between the field of education they graduated and the university they study brings with it some problems. It is seen that students who reach a certain level in the fields of literacy and general knowledge after four years of primary school education see the extension of the same education in secondary school and high school and go into too much detail. It is also seen that the education received cannot go beyond developing the general knowledge, and the student falls into loss of time, burnout and professional uncertainty. Continuing compulsory education outside of their field of talent, starting from the secondary school level, delays them from developing themselves in the field of profession, choosing their main profession, and starting to produce as soon as possible. Thus, the quality of education desired at schools remains well below expectations. Day by day, students are alienated from school and forced out of the education system. The education model we propose, after four years of primary school education, students are directed to take aptitude tests to guide them to their real abilities and not to waste time in other areas. Therefore, individuals can be expected to continue their education willingly and have a more productive education period by being educated in their own talent areas. At the same time, people who receive education in their field from an early age do not despair of choosing a profession and become qualified personnel in the society as fully equipped individuals. Not only will students' own happiness be ensured, but they will become more useful individuals to the society by being more qualified personnel. The results expected by the community, families and individuals from education will be achieved more efficiently. Career-Based Education, which is an education system suitable for human nature, will be closer to overcoming the education problems that have been complained about in recent years.

THE STATE’S METHODS OF FIGHTING AGAINST THE BANDITRY ACTIVITIES IN THE PROVINCE OF RAQQA IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

Fikret AVCI — 2026-07-16

Derived from the Arabic word şâqî; bandit and banditry, i.e. eşkıyâ and eşkıyâlık have occurred usually in the periods in which the state authority becomes weak. People have confronted such activities as a social phenomenon emerged in every period of the history although they increase in the periods where economic difficulties are experienced and people live in poverty. Banditry has occupied the agenda of states as a social fact-event in every period and in every state of the history. From this standpoint; we see that there were great banditry activities arising out of the lack of authority in Raqqa, which was turned into a province in the Ottoman Empire of the seventeenth century, the subject of our study. In this respect; the Ottoman Empire, as well as every state, has tried to put an end to banditry activities in order to ensure the regional security.The governors (beylerbeyis) and Islamic judges (qadıs) were used to given instructions by the Emperor once the imperial council Dîvân-ı Hümâyûn was informed of the banditry events in Raqqa, which opposed the state order. They then used to appoint bailiffs (mübâşirs) to investigate the causes of the events in detail. As a result; the bandits, caught by such bailiffs taking advantage of the tribes and state officials, used to be judged in the religious court Meclis-i Şer (Majlis-i Shar). Such religious court used to conclude their cases with the appropriate punishment. It can be understood from the statements given in the sources that those punishments were generally death, amputation of a hand or foot, and banishment. In this respect; the aim of our study is to indicate the state of the banditry activities in Raqqa, one of the important provinces of the Ottoman Empire, on the state order. Some suggestions have also been made based on the results concluded at the end of the study.

A STUDY ON EVALUATING THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF CAREER SUSTAINABILITY SCALE IN TURKISH

Nazlı Ece BULGURÖyküm KARÇIKA ,Yasemin BAL — 2026-07-16

The purpose of the study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the Career Sustainability Scale in Turkish which was developed by Chin et al. (2021). In this perspective, the theoretical background and literature review are given about Career Sustainability and then the statistical results are discussed in the context of the validity and reliability of the scale for guiding future research. This study was carried out with a total of 355 people working in the banking and informatics sector. The method which was proposed by Brislin et. al. (1973) is used for the translation of the scale. This method consists of a process of translating to the target language, evaluating the translation, translating back to the source language, evaluating the translation again and consulting to the experts. Validity studies of the scale were subjected to exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. It has been found that the Turkish version of the Career Sustainability scale is reliable and valid within the scope of its application area. The study is based on validity and reliability of a scale and future studies may require using variables to evaluate the scale of validity and reliability.This paper suggests using this scale in other sectors to get an insight of individuals’ and organizations’ thought of career sustainability.This study conducted in Türkiye will also be a reference for future studies on Career Sustainability, which is an important concept in the Career and Career Management literature.

THE PROBLEM OF NEUTRALITY IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR NEWS: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW ON THE VOICE OF AMERICA AND SPUTNIK

Samet ŞENKemal Cem BAYKAL — 2026-07-16

The fact that communication has the ability to influence people in its essence has led to the use of the press and visual media as a means of influence by political actors over time. However, this situation does not comply with the principle of "impartiality", which is one of the most accepted press ethical codes. In this study, the news made by Voice of America (VOA) and Sputnik, between February 24 and March 7, 2022, were analyzed in the context of impartiality. As it is known, both news organizations are structurally dependent on their governments. Teun Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis applied as a method. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the two news organizations took completely opposite positions in their news on the same subject. In the Voice of America news, Russia is often portrayed as the culprit. In Sputnik news, as the culprit of the conflict, Ukraine, as well as the USA, European countries and NATO were targeted. Therefore, there is a problem regarding the violation of the principle of impartiality.