The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2023 Issue 142

CLASS TEACHERS' WORK MOTIVATION: A REVIEW OF A LITERATURE

Hatice KADIOĞLU ATEŞMüzeyyen URHAN — 2024-08-29

If we consider that the people who make up the society make life easier with the professions they have acquired in the division of labor, classroom teachers are experts who train all the professionals of the future, that is, human engineers. Attorney, cashier, company owner, butcher, manager, apartment worker, in short, the common educator of all people with all kinds of professions are primary school teachers. From this point of view, the importance of primary school teachers for society is undeniable.In this study, which was conducted to examine the researches on the work motivation of classroom teachers, the document scanning model, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. For this, thesis, articles and books written on the subject in the literature were examined and given in the findings section. As a result of the examination of the studies, it was seen that while the intrinsic motivation perceptions of the teachers were high in general, their extrinsic motivation and work motivation perceptions were moderate. It was observed that as teachers' ages and total working time increased, their perceptions of work motivation increased. It has been mentioned that there are many factors that can affect the motivation of teachers in a positive or negative way. These are personal, institutional, systemic, student, parent, manager, colleague-based elements. The motivation of teachers who are married and working in private schools is higher.

THE IMPACTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON EDUCATION: TEACHER PERSPECTIVES

Gökçe ÖZDEMİRLeyla GÖZTÜRK — 2024-08-29

The changes in social, cultural, and technological fields are pushing educational institutions and teachers to move beyond conventional methods in the context of educational and instructional processes. Especially the rapid change in the role of technology in individuals' lives has accelerated the digital transformation in education and contributed to making these processes more motivating. As a result of this change, it is observed that educational environments are being reviewed, and discussions are being held on what and how to teach students. In this context, the aim of this study is to reveal teachers' views on the digital networks used in education, parallel to the digital transformation experienced in education, in order to create a new and experiential bridge between the instructor and the learner, and to provide teaching and learning regardless of time and place. The research is a case study conducted using qualitative research methods. The study group of the research consists of 20 teachers working in different educational regions in Sakarya province. The research data were collected with a semi-structured interview form and analyzed using content analysis method. According to the findings obtained from the research, it is observed that many digital applications and programs are used in the field of education. It was concluded that digital platforms are preferred especially in different subjects such as online exam preparation, watching lesson videos, sharing notes, preparing presentations, and professional development. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of using digital networks in educational and instructional processes were identified. The participants made suggestions for the widespread use of digital networks, such as duplicating MEB-based computer networks, providing training for teachers, ensuring equality in accessing educational networks, providing hardware and technical support, having support from administrators regarding technology use, promoting peer sharing regarding the networks used, and making computer networks free for teachers and students.

EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS TEACHERS' OPINIONS ON IN-SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAMS

Fikret ALINCAKFikret ALINCAK — 2024-08-29

In order for societies to progress and develop, people need to be trained in line with certain goals and purposes. It is seen that the developments in both science and technology also affect the educational environment. It is stated that the knowledge gained by teachers in undergraduate education loses its validity after a certain period of time or its effect decreases. For this reason, teachers need some professional in-service training in order to adapt to the developing technology. For this reason, the Ministry of National Education carries out in-service training programs in certain periods of the year in order to benefit the development of teachers. This study is a study conducted to evaluate the views of physical education and sports teachers on in-service training programs. In the study group of the research, face-to-face interview technique was used with 40 physical education and sports teachers working in Gaziantep and on a voluntary basis. In the research, using the interview method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, the data obtained were analyzed by the content analysis method. As a result of the research; physical education teacher and sports teachers in-service training program; They stated that it is a useful program for their professional and personal development, a program that allows them to renew themselves and a program that provides new information, and therefore they find it necessary. During the in-service training program of physical education and sports teachers participating in the research; While it was seen that they had problems due to the inadequacy of the instructors, the lack of dates and access to the internet in online education, it was seen that the in-service training program enabled the teachers to be more active, gave teachers a new perspective, and enabled the education to be qualified. In addition, while the participants found the in-service training program sufficient in general, they stated that it could be more effective and that the training should be given on a field basis or in the needed areas. In addition, it was stated that the duration of the in-service training program for physical education and sports teachers is sufficient in general, and that the training should be during the summer holidays and during the breaks. The teachers participating in the study; While it has come to the fore that the in-service training program should be given by experts and academicians, it has been concluded that on-line training programs are not suitable and must be face-to-face.

THE EFFECT OF ACADEMIC NORM STAFF APPLICATION ON CHANGE RECIPIENTS’IN THE CONTEXT OF GOAL CONGRUENCE

Salih BÖRTEÇİNE AVCIBenazir ÖZTÜRK — 2024-08-29

With the increase in universities in recent years, the planning difficulties for the need for academic staff are tried to be overcome by the Higher Education Institution with the norm staff regulation. In order to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in public resources, “Regulation on Determination and Use of Academic Staff Norm Staffs in State Higher Education Institutions” came into effect on November 2, 2018. However, the implementation difficulties of this regulation are discussed in the field due to the differing needs of universities, which are institutions of service decentralization in terms of Turkish Public Organization. One of these discussions is the reactionary perspective of academics towards this regulation. The different reactions given by the academicians in terms of target compatibility are due to the fact that they have different individual and organizational goals, and the Norm Staff Regulation is not interpreted in the same direction by all academicians, especially due to the incompatibility of individual and collective goals in the progression of the academic title. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effects of the Norm Staff Regulation on the academic staff who are the change recipients in the context of target compliance and to make a due diligence on how the academic staff perceives the situation. In this context, first of all, how change is perceived in organizations, how the harmonization or incompatibility between the goals of change and the goals of the personnel affects the change processes has been examined within the scope of the literature. Afterwards, a situation determination was made regarding the organizational structure of Higher Education Institutions in Turkey and the norm staff regulation. In our study, qualitative research method was preferred as the research method. The research group was determined within the scope of Purposeful Sampling method. The data were obtained by interview method and subjected to content analysis. In the data collection process, the opinions of faculty members with different titles were taken and it was researched how the change recipients evaluated the norm staff regulation within the framework of the questions asked. As a result, it has been deduced that the norm staff regulation implemented in higher education institutions will create promotion problems for academic staff, and will create problematic areas in the employment of academic staff especially in terms of certain titles.

CODE-SWITCHING TENDENCIES OF NATIVE RUSSIAN SPEAKERS IN NATIVE LANGUAGE SPEAKING PROCESS

Başak UYSALMadina KÜÇÜK — 2024-08-29

In this study, it is aimed to determine the code-switching tendencies of native Russian speakers in the process of speaking their mother tongue. The study group consisted of 20 participants whose mother tongue is Russian and who use Turkish as a second language, and the participants were interviewed within the scope of the structured interview form. The participants were interviewed with an interview form with 5 dimensions. Dimensions; general information, code-switching, code mixing, phonetic interference and stylistic interference. The data obtained in the study, which is based on the case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was subjected to qualitative analysis through the MAXQDA program. The main findings obtained as a result of the study are as follows: It was observed that 50% of the participants used code changing frequently, 35% rarely. 15% of the participants stated that they never applied to change the code. Based on the study group, it is possible to say that the tendency to change code decreases as the language level increases. Within the scope of the reasons for changing the code, it was seen that reciprocity, emotional load, convenience, addressee, harmony/habit, humor and compensation were respectively. The reason for changing the code with the highest rate was non-refundable.

LUIGI BOCCHERINI'S CELLO WORKS, INVOLVEMENTS OF THE CELLO REPERTOIRE AND TECHNIQUE

Pınar TURAN — 2024-08-29

In this article, the life and works of Luıgı Boccherini, who has a very important place in the cello repertoire and who is also a virtuoso cellist, will be included in her great contributions to the cello repertoire and technical development. Boccherini, who has a very important place for cello players, was born in Lucca, Italy and her talent was noticed at a young age. By his father, who noticed his son's talent at an early age, he was sent to important music centers in Italy and later to Spain to receive a better education and had theopportunity to work with important musicians and artists of the period. The composer has a large number of works. The composer made very important contributions to the cello technique and brought innovations that can be described as a revolution in cello performance. After that, the instrument got rid of its position in the orchestra and started to gain an identity as a solo instrument. Sonatas and concertos he wrote for the cello are very important works in the cello repertoire and are frequently performed in music schools that provide conservatory education.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF TAX REVENUES, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION ON EU COUNTRIES

Özgür KOÇBULUT — 2024-08-29

Fiscal policy instruments in an economy consist of taxes, debts and expenditures. Economic growth is the most important macroeconomic indicator for countries. Taxes play an important role in achieving the economic development goal of almost all countries. An effective tax policy provides an important competitive advantage to the economy by meeting the estimated public expenditures. In addition, public expenditures to keep domestic demand alive have positive effects on economic growth. This situation makes it necessary to examine the relationship between tax revenues, public expenditures and economic growth in terms of countries or country groups. In this study, the causality relationship between tax revenues, public expenditures and economic growth for 24 European Union (EU) member countries was examined. The results obtained from the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel causality test show that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between economic growth and public expenditures in EU countries, and a one-way causality relationship from tax revenues to economic growth and from tax revenues to public expenditures. According to these results, it can be said that it would be beneficial to ensure the sustainability of current tax policies in terms of sustainable growth in EU countries. Tax revenues should encourage public expenditures, and taxation policies should be compatible with economic policies in order not to reduce the purchasing power of the state. In addition, public expenditures should be directed more towards capital and production infrastructure.

MANAGEMENT OF ASBESTOS RISK IN THE PROCESS OF REMOVING EARTHQUAKE WRAPPED

Haldun TURANZeki ALPAYDIN — 2024-08-29

Asbestos is a very resistant mineral against heat, abrasion and chemicals. For this reason, it has been used in many fields for centuries. In recent history, it has been used both as an insulation material and mixed with cement in buildings. At the beginning of this century; The use of asbestos has been banned in many countries due to the fatal effects of asbestos on the respiratory tract. In parallel with this, asbestos is completely banned in our country. However, the harms of asbestos, which were used before it was banned, still continue. Combating asbestos; The work continues with the protection of environmental asbestos from harm and the removal of previously used asbestos products. While carrying out these studies, it is necessary to know the dangers and risks that may be experienced in terms of occupational health and safety during the removal of asbestos existing in the buildings. In addition, in this context, it is essential to take the necessary precautions for the safe removal of asbestos. While removing asbestos, it is necessary to wear personal protective equipment, train the working personnel and properly dispose of the removed asbestos. Otherwise, exposure to asbestos will cause health problems, especially for workers and people around. Asbestos has been used extensively in our country since the 1960s. After asbestos was banned in our country, asbestos materials in buildings and different structures started to be removed. In order not to be affected by the dangers during dismantling, trained personnel and asbestos disposal facilities have a great job.

THE EFFECT OF SPACE LIGHTING ON PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS: THE CASE OF HELSINGOR PSYCHIATRY HOSPITAL

Ceyhun ŞEKERCİ — 2024-08-29

The subject of lighting is important in the visual perception of the space. It becomes even more important in specialized clinics such as psychiatry. In psychiatry clinics, patients are much more sensitive to natural and artificial light due to the necessity of the service provided, the functions defined for the space and the user characteristics. For this reason, lighting systems should include user-oriented advances and designs that meet the needs. Well-designed lighting affects the physical, mental, social and psychological conditions of patients, attendants, visitors and healthcare professionals. This article provides a summary of what is known about these effects. In general, information about the concept of lighting was given in the study, the lighting of the place and the effect of lighting on the patients were evaluated through the example of Helsingor Psychiatric Hospital and suggestions were made.

FOREIGN TRADE COMPANIES' CURRENCY MANAGEMENT: EXAMPLE OF THE TRC3 REGION'S

Cüneyt ÇATUK — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this research is to examine how foreign trade companies in the provinces of Mardin, Sirnak, Siirt, and Batman (TRC3 region) are protecting themselves from foreign exchange risk.A survey of 275 foreign trade companies operating in the TRC3 area was carried out in order to analyze the strategies employed by businesses to protect themselves against exchange rate risk. Multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation analyses were performed on the survey items.The findings lead to the conclusion that 14.1% of the companies operating in the TRC3 region are unable to take any action to protect themselves against exchange rate risk, while 39% can be protected by internal business measures, 33.9% receive assistance from banks or other financial institutions, and 5.7% gain from consulting firms.According to the findings of the study, enterprises do not take adequate measures to hedge against exchange rate risk. Additionally, it is discovered that companies employ derivatives less to protect themselves against currency rate risk. In addition to that enterprises should be more cautious about future currency rate shocks and engage in more derivative trades.

ANALYSIS OF ÖMER SEYFETTİN'S HERITAGE STORY AS A WRITTEN TEXT EXAMPLE

Adem ÖZKAN — 2024-08-29

Stories are the most effective tool to tell the troubles of society. It will help the readers to analyze the Miras story of Ömer Seyfettin, which is one of the examples of the written text, by examining it as Large-scale, Small-Scale and Superstructure. In this study, the Inheritance story will be analyzed around the directions determined within the framework of textlinguistic measures. It is aimed to be an exemplary analysis for Turkish by examining the linguistic elements made superficially. In the analysis of the story called Heritage, it is limited to cohesion and coherence, which are among the text criteria. Superstructural features will not be mentioned. In this study, the written document analysis method, which is a qualitative research model, is used. It is one of the basic principles that the data collected in qualitative research is holistic. After the written document analysis, the data obtained by the descriptive analysis method are examined in detail. In order to examine it in more detail, the content analysis method is also started. Ömer Seyfettin's story Miras is a work that every person can read and analyze without getting bored by examining it in terms of text-linguistics. The fact that the language is simple and understandable, in addition to the fact that it is not long enough to bore the readers, will ensure that this work attracts everyone's attention.

THE CAPITALIST CODES OF CHRISTIAN FAITH

A. Savaş DEMİRCAN — 2024-08-29

The study's focus is on how capitalism emerged on the historical and evolutionary stage as the economic system of Western Christian civilisation. In particular, scaling, also known as the Christian reformation process, is a crucial step for Western cultures to take in order to overcome the stagnation of the Church era. Due to the effects of the concepts of sola seedling, sola scriptura, and sola gratia, the illumination experienced during this time period resulted in significant shifts and transformations in the socio-cultural field. The economy has been one of the areas most impacted by this process. By releasing the individual from the centralism and domination of the Church, the evolving Christian thinking appears to have led to the person being more individualized and participating more in social activities, notably in economic life. The purpose of the study is to attempt to disprove the notion that economic activities and decisions are rationally motivated. On the contrary, the choices made are also influenced by philosophical and theological concepts. Conservatism and religion have an impact on choices and behaviors in the economy. The macro-economic effects of religious restrictions and orders on those who make the majority of economic decisions have a wide range of effects on both the political and cultural axes as well as the individual's everyday economic circumstances. As an illustration, the sanctification of the free market economy, globalization, and the political and cultural decisions made as a result can all be taken into consideration in this perspective.

A TRAVELER IN 19TH CENTURY GIOVANNI BOTTESINI

Irmak SABUNCU — 2024-08-29

Born on 24 December 1821 in Crema, in the Lombardy region of northern Italy, he was the sixth of eight siblings. He took his first violin lessons from his uncle Carlo Cogliati, the principal violinist and director of the Crema Cathedral Orchestra. During his studies at the Milan Conservatory, which he entered in 1835, he took double bass lessons from Luigi Rossi, piano, theory, and composition lessons from Piantanida, P. Ray and F. Basili, and Nicola Vaccai, and graduated in 1839. In the 19th century, when Italian Opera made itself felt all over the world, the virtuoso, who combined the "Bel Canto" style with double bass playing, made a name for himself in the leading music capitals of Europe, as well as in Russia, Scandinavia, America, and the Ottoman geography, and left his mark on the history of music. As a composer continuing the style of Donizetti and Bellini, he stands in opposition to the Wagner style with his closeness to the Verdi tradition. However, his musical style, as the most outstanding double bass virtuoso of his time, and his compositions for double bass preserve his unique place in today's double bass teaching.

SIGNS OF CRISIS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

Erdal HARUNOĞULLARI — 2024-08-29

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic's economic effects, geopolitical unrest, natural disasters, and social unrest have caused the global economy to face unprecedented difficulties and uncertainties. Numerous indicators point to the potential for a global recession or even depression, which could have catastrophic effects on millions of people. The US dollar and US consumer spending are two significant components of the global economy that are examined in this article. It examines how the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on consumer spending and the dollar's strength have affected world trade, growth, inflation, and financial stability. Additionally, it discusses a few possible regional and national policy responses to these problems. The article provides a thorough and critical overview of these subjects by utilizing theoretical insights and empirical data from various sources. It aims to inform and captivate readers who are curious about the state and prospects of the global economy today.

SAINTHOOD IN CHRISTIAN CHURCHES

Muhammet MAHMUTOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Religious elders have a special place in religions. Because people of faith believe that the elders of religion dedicate their lives to their religion; They believe that they live and spread their religion properly, teach people and even sacrifice their lives for this cause if necessary. At the same time, the believers, who were fascinated and deeply affected by such a sacrifice shown by the religious leaders, always respected them, tried to be like them and to live. The excessive love shown has often removed the religious elders from being human beings and caused them to be perceived as some superhuman beings. Religions have determined various positions for this phenomenon, which is caused by people's feelings and behaviors. Undoubtedly, Christianity is one of the religions that gives importance to the elders of religion and gives them a special position. Throughout history, Christianity has elevated some of its members to the rank of saints, who stood out among its members with their faithful and moral life and the sacrifices they made for the sake of belief, set feast days for them, allowed them to pray and ask for help. However, while most Christian Churches accept sainthood as such, some members of the Church may have different beliefs and thoughts. In other words, while the differences in the Christian world caused diversity in many issues, it also triggered differentiation in the subject of sainthood.

A GENERAL EVALUATION ON THE HABITS AND BEHAVIOR PATTERNS IN THE TRADITIONAL TURKISH KITCHEN CULTURE

Hasan Ali DİKEN — 2024-08-29

As is known, people attach great importance to culinary culture within the traditional spheres of life. Following this, it is useful to express that people acquire certain habits and behaviors within a framework directed towards the traditional culinary culture. Through these well-known habits and behavior patterns, over time, the process of local, national, and universal characteristics emerging in the culinary culture has begun. The mentioned habits and behavior patterns have particularly shown differences, variations, and diversities from society to society. As a continuation of this, the culinary habits and behaviors among people have exhibited developments in forms such as "table setting", "table manners", "eating and drinking style", "presentation style" and the like. Traditional kitchen culture essentially encompasses the reflections of the habits and behaviors that cultures and civilizations have put forward within their own unique lines. In this context, Turks have also made significant contributions to the traditional culinary habits and behaviors related to world culture and civilization history. This situation has highlighted the creation and preservation process of an independent traditional Turkish kitchen culture. Because the habits and behavior patterns in Turkish cuisine are carried out based on a certain hierarchy, it summarizes the situation. In this context, some habits and behaviors parallel to traditional Turkish cuisine have taken on characteristic qualities specific to Turkish society over time and have led to a sequence of eating and drinking that has become a tradition. The mentioned traditional elements have mostly been among the important parts of Turkish table manners. These parts, forming a certain integrity, have constituted the basic codes of the Turkish eating and drinking culture. In light of the aforementioned statements, within the scope of this study, the major habits and behavior factors that have gradually become part of the traditional Turkish cuisine and formed the basic cultural codes will be examined, and a general evaluation will be made on these factors. Therefore, the general and traditional aspects of Turkish cuisine will be highlighted.

TURNING THE SILENCE OF THE FEMALE CHARACTER IN STRINDBERG’S THE STRONGER DRAMA TO SAY

Asena YILDIRIM — 2024-08-29

Until today, women have been exposed to male domination in the historical process, lived within the boundaries of patriarchal ideology, and been socially exposed to many dominations by the patriarchal system. Language is one of the tools of this masculine domination that is kept alive socially. Language, which constitutes the discourse of power, is an ideological tool that affects and directs society. This masculine language, also created through theatrical texts in the literary field, is transmitted through the play characters. The female characters are handled in a silent, unresponsive, silenced position in response to this language. One of the text of August Strindberg, one of the important writers of the 19^th century, in which he reflects the view of women of his period and the social position of women in his works, the theater text “The Stronger”, written in 1889, is an example of women being dominated through this masculine language. In the text, the character of Mrs. Y is dominated by Mrs. X through language. In contrast, the character of Mrs. Y is handled in silence in the face of these discourses. In this context, the study aims to analyze the play “The Stronger” written by August Strindberg with the method feminist critical discourse analysis and to reveal the dominant ideology provided through language and the social stereotypes. It is also to use the feminist point of view and feminist strategies brought by the point of view to turn the silence of the character of Mrs. Y into discourse. In the text, how the masculine language is made into the discourse of the female character and how the dominance over other female character is achieved will be revealed as a result of method feminist critical discourse analysis and this resistance will be examined through the feminist strategies.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MOTION ADVERTISING DESIGNS AS A TRENDING DESIGN TYPE IN NEW MEDIA

Ceyda KURTEŞLevent MERCİN — 2024-08-29

It is seen that the concept of new media has gained significance and has become an important research topic in numerous fields with the development of digital technologies. Today's world, where activities such as communication and design take place in a digital environment, is reshaped in many aspects such as social, cultural, and economic. Accordingly, the language of visual communication is also reshaped and increasingly diversified. A change in terms of form, content and technique can be observed in visual communication design, where a new language suitable for new platforms is adopted. It can be seen that motion graphics designs have gained importance as a universal and impressive language in the communication of today's networked, digital and global world. Visualizing the stack of complex information and transmitting it in a short time has become a precondition in new media. Thus, it is seen that video image formats such as motion graphics and animation play a dominant role in new media. The research focused on the types of motion graphics design and the communication through the designs produced. The data of the research were obtained by reviewing the relevant literature and examining the design examples, as well as document analysis, which is one of the qualitative methods. Accordingly, the relationship between technology, design, target audience, visual culture and aesthetics that shape the content production of graphics design or visual communication design in new media has been examined in the context of social media and Internet advertisements. In the research, it has been concluded that the motion image designs in visual communication process attract more attention from the audience than the static ones, add richness to the field by enabling the production of original and stylish designs, and that the short duration of the motion graphics such as GIF, video and TikTok applications, which are trending in social media communication platform, increases the ratings.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STRESS LEVEL AND LIFE SATISFACTION OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIA PROCESS

Emre KELEŞBirsen ALTAY — 2024-08-29

This study was designed to examine the relationship between visually impaired individuals' stress levels and life satisfaction during the Covid-19 pandemic. The universe of this descriptive research consists of visually impaired individuals registered with the Corum Altinokta Blind Association between November-December 2020. It is aimed to reach the entire universe without going through sample selection. The study was completed with the participation of 62 visually impaired individuals. Personal Characteristics Information Form, Life Satisfaction Scale and Perceived Stress Scale were used in data collection. Seventy-nine per cent of the participants are male, 74.2% are married, and 40% have secondary-high school education. Visually impaired individuals had an average score of 26.42 ± 8.20 on the Perceived Stress Scale and 13.29 ± 3.66 on the Life Satisfaction Scale. A statistically significant difference exists between gender, educational status, economic situation perception, general health perception, state of being infected with the covid-19 virus and anxiety-concern living State and Perceived Stress Scale score averages (p<0.05). There is a statistically significant difference between the perception of the economic situation and having Covid-19 and the mean scores of the Life Satisfaction Scale (p <0.05). It has been determined that visually impaired individuals' perceived stress levels and life satisfactions are moderate. Similar studies with larger sample groups can be conducted to clarify the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on visually impaired individuals' stress levels and life satisfaction more clearly.

RESEARCH OVER POSTS TAGGED AS “PRESCHOOL” ON TikTok

Ümit Ünsal KAYAŞerife Burcu KAYA — 2024-08-29

Tiktok is a social media application that allows users to share short videos between 15 seconds and 3 minutes. The app is especially popular among young people and has millions of users worldwide. Tiktok is full of music, dance, comedy and other pop culture content, and users can also share their own videos. Because the app has an algorithmic structure, it provides users with customized content based on their interests. This customization offers users more interaction and exploration and allows for the rapid spread of shared content among users. This study is a qualitative case study of the most recent 400 posts with the hashtag "preschool" on Tiktok as of March 17, 2023. The research questions include the visibility of children's faces in the posts, the gender and occupation distribution of the posters, the most shared content, the distribution of activities, the shared environments, and the words associated with preschool. The study was conducted to understand how an application such as Tiktok, which can reach people of all ages, especially in Turkey, presents an image of preschool activities. Case study is a qualitative approach in which the researcher examines a current situation in real life in detail and in depth using various sources of information. In this study, online information collection method was utilized. In order to examine the data obtained in more detail, "content analysis", one of the methods used in qualitative data analysis, was used and the data obtained were analyzed by coding. The most frequently shared content included songs, games and activity suggestions. The most frequently shared activities included games, movement activities and art activities. The environments shared were usually indoor spaces such as home or classroom, and the content included fun, interactive and educational approaches. Words associated with preschool include learning, fun, play, play, art and exploration.

IMPACT OF THE EXPRESSIVE ART THERAPY METHOD ON THE FEELING OF FEAR

Emine Gülriz AKAROĞLUAysel KOÇ ,Ulya TEKBAŞ ,Hümeyra Nur ŞEN ,Şeyda Nur ERDOĞAN — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to reduce the feelings of fear and to examine the drawings of the earthquake survivors of different age groups, who were affected by the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquake that occurred on February 6, 2023, with the expressive art therapy method in order to develop human relations and socialize them. The training provided was carried out with a total of 2 different groups, each session lasting 180 minutes. The training program, which was planned for 10 days, was terminated on the 5th day because the families of earthquake victims were placed in different KYK dormitories. Warming up, story creation, drawings of horror figures and evaluation activities in this study were carried out on the second day of the planned training. Activities in the expressive art method based on developing human relations and socialization were taken from the art therapy book written by Olcay Güler and Nur Dinçer Genç by integrating. The study group was carried out with 40 volunteer participants aged between 6 and 15 who migrated to the province of Konya using the random sampling method. A semi-structured interview form prepared by the researchers was used as a data collection tool in this study. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data. According to the results, it was determined that 91.67% of the earthquake survivors did not share their fears with anyone, they were tense, generally unhappy and closed to communication before the training based on developing human relations and socialization. The fear experienced during the training was felt in their hearts with a rate of 61.11% at most, 38.89% drew the fear of earthquakes in their paintings, 61.11% did not paint them, 8.33% went outside the specified limit in the drawing, on the other hand, 91.67%, of them did not go out of the border, 41.67% of them overcame their fears, and when they were afraid 58.33% of them escaped from their fears and in the process of making the horror figures funny while 66.67% of the 36 participants painted funny figures, It was concluded that 33.33 % of them did not draw funny figures on their pictures. At the end of the training, feedback was received from the participants, who did not share their feelings and fears before, that they shared their feelings and fears, that they felt more comfortable, that they became more open to communication with the sentences they used, and that their fears decreased, that they were less afraid or that they would not be afraid by remembering the funny versions of their fears when they were afraid.

IMPROVING THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF DISABLED EMPLOYEES WITH VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGY: POTENTIALS AND LIMITATIONS

Filiz ARICAKEvren ÇAĞLARER — 2024-08-29

The physical and mental needs of disabled individuals require special policies to be met, their participation in social life to be ensured and protection against discrimination. Any work done to protect the health and safety of employees and improve work performance also includes disabled workers. The challenges faced by disabled individuals in the workplace can be of different types. The extent to which developing technology will be utilized in combating these challenges is a matter of curiosity. Essentially, any new application is expected to provide benefits to human beings first and foremost. Virtual reality technology is advancing as an important instrument in maintaining the occupational health and safety of disabled individuals in the workplace, with its promise to solve the problems of disabled individuals in a variety of sectors, from entertainment to defense industries. This study aims to identify opportunities that include virtual reality technology to eliminate or minimize the current challenges faced by disabled workers and thus increase the improvement of their occupational health and safety in the workplace.

MUSIC EDUCATION WITH MUSIC LEARNING THEORY (MLT)

Gülce KARAGÖZCÜK — 2024-08-29

Music Learning Theory is an early age musical learning theory, which is established with similar goals to Orff, Dalcroze, Kodaly and Suzuki. Established by Prof. Edwin E. Gordon of United States, and abbreviated as MLT, this learning theory is applied by certified instructors in USA, Italy and our country, specifically only in Izmir, since 2015. The aim of the study is to explain how music is taught to the child, how it is perceived by the child with this method, to give information about education and technical issues, and to examine the music education applied in early childhood.MLT is categorized for two age groups: 0-6 and 6+. This paper aims to introduce this brand new, proven to be effective early age learning theory, providing basic information about training process, content and application.

EXAMINATION OF THE OPINIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS ON THE PEDAGOGICAL FORMATION PROGRAM

Gözde YIKILMAZMehmet YIKILMAZ — 2024-08-29

It is known that one of the most important elements of the education process is the teacher and the student. It is seen that the education that the pre-service teachers received before they were appointed to the profession had a great impact upon starting the profession. The aim of this study is to examine the opinions of physical education teacher candidates about the pedagogical formation program. In the study group of the research, face-to-face interview technique was used with 20 physical education teacher candidates who are taking pedagogical formation at Kars Sarıkamış University and on a voluntary basis. In the research, using the interview method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, the data obtained were analyzed by the content analysis method. As a result of the research, physical education teacher candidates stated that it was an efficient and beneficial program and that they saw it as a useful program for the teaching profession, and they expressed the opinion that it was beneficial in the use of technology. Physical education teacher candidates participating in the research; They stated that they had problems with the difficult and intense program, crowded classes, constant homework, lack of communication with the teachers, accommodation and transportation. In addition, the research group stated that they were bored because the theory was generally included in the courses, and therefore, more practice should be given to practice. In addition, the research group; It was concluded that they made suggestions such as planning the program well, making the teaching process more effective, giving importance to the lessons and eliminating the lack of communication.

EXAMINATION OF AUDIT SYSTEMS WITH TRANSPARENT INSPECTION PRINCIPLES IN THE CONTEXT OF STRUCTURE, PURPOSE AND CRITERIA

Fatih YAĞCINuri BAYRAM ,Alime ÇETİNKAYA ,Ali MENTEŞ — 2024-08-29

Considering the role that accountability and transparency play in school quality improvement, it is important that school audits are transparent in terms of accountability. Thus, schools, management levels and teachers can have more information about the deficiencies seen in the process. For this reason, within the scope of the study, the educational audit systems of countries that have adopted the principle of transparency in the process and results of the audit were analyzed in terms of audit structures, audit objectives and audit criteria. According to the findings, it was observed that the audit structure of the UK has an independent content, while the audit structures of the Czech Republic and the Netherlands work under the central administration. The selected countries share the audit processes, tools and audit results publicly and transparently, and the entire content of the audited schools can be examined by anyone, whether they are related to education or not. In addition, the criteria applied in the inspection process are similar across the three inspection systems. The focus can be considered as leadership, educational processes and student achievement. The findings of the research show that the audit emphasizes the aspects of providing feedback, improving quality, leadership and guidance. High accountability is achieved through transparency. This situation supports schools to carry out quality-oriented studies.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CINEMA AND PHILOSOPHY IN THE CONTEXT OF HISTORICAL PROCESS

Ali KAYMAKBurak MEDİN — 2024-08-29

In this study, the main focus is on the relationship between cinema and philosophy, and in order to understand this relationship in a holistic manner, the development of the relationship between cinema and philosophy over time and the different ideas on the relationship between cinema and philosophy are discussed. Cinema, which intersects with philosophy on the axis of thought, brings a different dimension to traditional philosophy as a visual medium. It can be said that traditional philosophy, which is generally practiced in written and oral form, has used the visual dimension as a medium for philosophizing over the years with the invention of cinema and the development of cinematographic elements. The rapprochement between cinema and philosophy first occurs within the framework of the ideas of early theorists of cinema. In systematic studies on the field, which has expanded with the contributions of various thinkers over time, especially Gilles Deleuze's ideas come to the fore. The relationship between cinema and philosophy, which has moved to a different dimension with the emergence of various approaches after Deleuze, becomes one of the most prominent areas of discussion in recent cinema studies. In this study, which deals with the process from the period when the relationship between cinema and philosophy first emerged to the current studies, the relationship between cinema and philosophy is analyzed with an explanatory and exploratory qualitative method by scanning the relevant literature with the index search technique.

EXAMINATION OF GRADUATE THESES ON THE USE OF FOLK MELODIES IN VIOLIN EDUCATION

Bilge ÖZEL — 2024-08-29

In this study, graduate theses written on the use of folk melodies in violin education and contributing to violin education were included. The aim of the research is to examine the graduate theses prepared on the use of folk melodies in violin education by classifying them according to different variables. This research, it is important to shed light on the research to be done on the subject and to be a helpful resource for researchers. Qualitative data collection tools were used in this research and it is in the case study pattern. The 216 theses reached with the keywords "violin education" registered in the Thesis Documentation Center of the Council of Higher Education constitute the universe of the research. Of these theses, 26 graduate theses written on the use of folk melodies in violin education constitute the sample group. The theses in the sample group were examined by document analysis method according to their types, years, universities, institutes, research methods, data collection tools and subjects. In the research, it was found that the vast majority of theses are master's theses and the most theses were completed in 2019 and the most theses were prepared at Gazi University. In addition, it was determined that the most theses are prepared at the Institute of Educational Sciences, the qualitative research method is generally used in theses, and the most resource scanning is used from data collection tools. In addition, it was concluded that the most dissertations were written on adapting folk melodies to violin education.

EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 ANXIETY AND HEALTH LITERACY: AN APPLICATION ON TEACHERS

2024-08-29

Anxiety is one of the psychological problems experienced by the general population during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The level of anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic has increased considerably in the community and in some professional groups. Considering the current state of the pandemic, the literature assessing the relationship between health literacy and COVID-19 is quite insufficient. Based on the literature and theory on health literacy, one might expect that people with higher levels of health literacy would be more likely to adopt behaviors that could help contain the pandemic, such as hand washing, wearing face masks, and physical distancing. However, being health literate may also reduce the impact of anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. The aim of this study was to determine teachers' current levels of health literacy and COVID-19 anxiety and to examine the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and health literacy. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the scales and Cronbach Alpha value was used to calculate the reliability. In addition, correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables. According to the analysis, it was determined that there was a negative relationship between health literacy and coronavirus anxiety. In addition, it was determined that there was a statistically significant negative relationship between access to and application of information, one of the sub-dimensions of health literacy, and coronavirus anxiety.

HISTORICAL URBAN STRUCTURES AND SOCIO-CULTURAL SPATIAL TEXTURE OF MIDYAT

Nazlı Ece GEYİKMusa BİLİK ,Hüseyin GÜNGÖR ,Faysal ATAKUL ,Suzan ATAKUL — 2024-08-29

Cities that carry the cultural accumulation of the past in many structures can carry the wealth of hundreds of years to the present. In this context, the socio-cultural fabric and architectural structures of a society reflect the cultural heritage of both past and present communities. Spatially, geography contains the differences and similarities of cultures. In this respect, it is in a serious connection with architectural and cultural structures. The cultural fabric of a city and the architectural structures, which are one of the important elements of it, are also included in the study of cultural geography. The spatial distribution of cultural qualities is the result of some changes that occur in a process. In order to understand the spatial similarity, differences and diversity in culture, which is considered as an interdisciplinary subject, it is necessary to have a perspective that is possessed by multiple disciplines. Because culture is in the composition of sciences such as history, sociology, architecture and geography and can be studied with their help. When we look at the history of Midyat district of Mardin Province, it is not known for sure who and when Midyat was founded. But the word Midyat, 9 BC. In the Assyrian tablets of the century, the word “Matiate” means cave city is mentioned in the records. Midyat; Assyrian, Kurdish, Turkish, Arab and many other ethnic groups and religious coexistence together with cultural richness, unique churches, monasteries and mosques with its own unique architecture with its historical structures. In this context, it is aimed to reveal the urban texture and socio-cultural spatial structure of Midyat, which has cradled different cultures for centuries and reflects this cultural richness to architectural structures with an authentic art.

BUSINESS ETHICS ON THE BASIS OF TELEOLOGICAL AND DEONTOLOGICAL THEORY: A RESEARCH IN PRIVATE HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN VAN PROVINCE

Fırat EROLFaruk KALAY — 2024-08-29

This study, on the basis of teleological and deontological theories based on moral approaches, aims to measure the approaches to business ethics of employees working in private health institutions in Van. In this context, a face-to-face survey was conducted with the employees working in a total of three private health institutions, one of which is corporate and still continuing to serve in the field of health. The sample of the study consists of employees who work in positions that directly deal with patients or may be interlocutors such as Automation officers, Patient caregivers, Secretaries, Patient Registrars, Support services, Security unit, Nurses and Nurses, Health services. Therefore, the stratified sampling model was applied in the study. The data within the scope of the research were analyzed using SPSS20, one of the computer-assisted statistical analysis programs. The obtained data were subjected to descriptive analysis, exploratory confirmatory factor analyses, t-tests, regression and correlation analyzes. In the analyzes made, it was concluded that there is a significant relationship between the approaches of the employees during the performance of their profession (teleological or deontological approaches) and business ethics.