The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2023 Issue 140

SPORTS FESTIVALS AND OLYMPICS IN ANTIQUE CITY DAPHNE AND ANTAKYA IN ANCIENT ROMAN PERIOD

Osman İMAMOĞLUYakup YAZICI — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to investigate the sportive Festivals and Olympic Games in the ancient city of Daphne and Antakya during the Ancient Roman period. A literature review was conducted for this study. It has been determined that during the Ancient Roman period, sports festivals were held in the areas of the surrounding provinces, including today's Hatay center, and in places that were then called Daphne (Defne) or Antioch (Antakya), and this turned into the Olympic Games over time. It has been determined that the Olympics in Antakya or Daphne are held every four years, in July and August within a 45-day period. Before and after Christianity, the Olympic Games were held in Antakya every four years in the name of Zeus. The organization held in Daphne and called the "Olympics" was temporarily stopped by the Roman emperors for various reasons in various years. In the early days, the Olympic Games were held regularly. However, due to the high cost of the Olympic Games, the administrators had difficulty in financing these games. The Olympic Games were suspended from time to time. Then Senator Sosibius financed it himself, allowing the games to continue again. Although the Olympic Games were stopped during the reign of Emperor Claudius, the Emperor Claudius restarted the Olympic Games after the request of the people of Antakya. According to Libanius, one of the important Greek orators of the Late Antiquity, there were also some of his students who participated in the Olympic Games as athletes. When the Olympic Games were held, other festivals and entertainments were also organized in Antakya. Athletes from Athens and many other cities used to attend the Olympic Games in Antakya. Sporting events traditionally constituted the most popular part of the Olympic Games. Even Christian visitors from the Roman world came to Antakya to watch the Olympic Games. In the Olympic Games, besides athletics, sports such as wrestling, and boxing and equestrian races were held. The Olympic Games in Antakya, like the old games in Olympia, were closed with a big feast. In some years, it is stated that the games were forbidden because the city administrator and the people supported a general who rebelled against the authority. In the Olympics held in Daphne, as in Olympia, the winning athletes were not given monetary or other prizes, they were exempted from all taxes and donations to be made on behalf of the public. Since this organization was made with the help of the wealthy in the region, it went into a halt when there was no financial support. With the earthquake in 526 BC, aristocrats, visitors, sports organizers and elite athletes, etc. It is a dominant opinion that the Antakya or Daphne Olympics were ended due to his death. The city was named Tehoupolis (City of God) in the hope that God would protect the city that belonged to him, since it was destroyed by many deadly earthquakes throughout history (especially in the years 526 and 528 AD). From now on, Antakya will continue to be remembered as the place where the first Olympic games outside of Ancient Greece were held in today's Turkey and the world, and the last ancient Olympic games in Rome, and as an ancient city (the beginning of which is in the depths of the past and goes back to ancient times).

INVESTIGATION OF THE REASONS FOR SMOKING START AND THE LEVELS OF ADDICTION OF STUDENTS READING IN SPORTS SCIENCE

Seydi KARAKUŞKadir PEPE — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was aimed to "examine the reasons for starting smoking and addiction levels of students studying in sports sciences".The population of the research consists of students studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. The sample group consists of 175 individuals determined by random method from the students who study here and smoke.In the research, the data were collected by using the theoretical framework literature review, and the data in the field were collected using the sociodemographic questionnaire prepared by the researcher and the "Nicotine Addiction Test", which was adapted to Turkish by (Uysal et al., 2004). After the researcher gave information to the sample group about the subject, the questionnaires were filled by the smokers on a voluntary basis. In this way, a total of 54 women and 121 men, n. (175) individuals participated.The obtained data were transferred to the appropriate computer environment for statistical processing. Frequency (f), percentage (%), Descriptive Statistics, Chi-Square (X2), Crosstabulation and Pearson Correlation Tests were performed from statistically descriptive statistics. The level of significance for the comparisons was determined as α=0.05.As a result, the participants started smoking voluntarily and with their friends, mostly in the range of 1-3 hours and smoking about one pack a day, their addiction status was at a very low level, there was a significant 0.05 significance level between daily smoking habit and cigarette addiction. We can say that there is a relationship and that the laws and sanctions enacted by the state administration to combat smoking are mostly not effective.

DRONE TECHNOLOGY AS A PERCEPTUAL INTEGRATİON METHOD IN THE FİELD OF CONSERVATİON

Hicran Hanım HALAÇŞura ŞAHİN ,Rabia ÇATPINAR — 2024-08-29

Traditional and contemporary technologies are used to protect and maintain structures that have lost their structural integrity in historical environments and cannot be used. Today, it is necessary to raise awareness of the active use of contemporary presentation techniques in the architectural conservation field as an alternative to the difficulty of the applicability and financial burden of traditional preservation techniques. The research discusses the drone technology’s potential as one of the contemporary technologies that contribute applications to be made in historical buildings soon. This study aims to research how to use drone technology effectively in the architectural conservation field. In perceptual integration studies using drone technology, applications should give accurate information about the structure and its environment as much as possible. The study covers the titles of contemporary applications in the architectural conservation field, intervention types in historical buildings, integration applications in historical texture, applications of perceptual integration in the field of architectural conservation, examples of using drone technology in the national context and in the architecture field, drone technology usage as an architectural perceptual integration tool in historical buildings. In this research’s scope, drone technology’s using as a contemporary presentation in the future are examined comparatively through the visualizations made by Studio Drift and Cyber Drone teams. As a result of the examination of examples and evaluation of findings, it has been concluded there is no legal regulations for drone technology applications. Even if the drone shows are held instantaneously, the photographs taken during this process have characteristics of a document. Therefore, the application made to a historical building should be supported with necessary documents, restoration, or restitution projects. As a result, the research emphasizes the necessity of using drone technology consciously in the architectural conservation field.

TEACHERS' VIEWS ON THE EDUCATION OF REFUGEE STUDENTS (THE CASE OF MALATYA PROVINCE)

Meral YILDIRIM YILMAZEyüp İZCİ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the views of teachers about the education of Syrian refugee students attending high school in Battalgazi district of Malatya province. In this study, case design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used to examine the views of teachers in depth. "Interview method", one of the data collection techniques, was used to determine the problems experienced by teachers during the education of Syrian refugee students and their suggestions for solutions to these problems. "Descriptive analysis" method, one of the qualitative analysis methods, was used to analyse the collected data. Criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used to determine the study group. In the selection of the teachers participating in this study, the main criteria were determined as teachers teaching only 9th grade courses and being female Imam Hatip High School students. In accordance with this basic criterion, information was collected through individual and face-to-face interviews with 20 teachers working in a high school in Battalgazi district of Malatya province in the 2022-2023 academic year, where almost half of the classrooms were composed of Syrian refugee students on a voluntary basis. As a result of the research; most of the participants emphasised the problems such as apathy, reluctance and absenteeism, especially the language problem. In line with the results, it was suggested that the language problem should be solved and orientation activities should be emphasised.

OPINIONS ON NUDE COMPETITION OF ATHLETES IN ANCIENT GAMES

Egemen ERMİŞAydan ERMİŞ ,Osman İMAMOĞLU — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the views put forward on the naked competition of the athletes in the ancient games. A literature review was made. According to the views put forward in general, while men compete naked in certain periods, women compete dressed. In the ancient Greek civilization, views such as nudity revealing a beautiful appearance, using it as a means of determining gender, and providing an advantage in competitions are put forward. Nude competitions may be due to the reflections of the artists in their paintings. In certain periods, it was seen that the trainers and the carriers were naked during the award ceremony. Conclusion: It is reflected in the historical documents that the athletes competed naked in certain periods in the Ancient Games and Olympics. It is thought that the reasons for the naked competition vary depending on the conditions of that day. For example, they may have thought that being naked in front of the Gods was a necessity in competitions held in honor of the Gods. They may have thought that with naked competition they would achieve success with less weight and no limiting factors. They may have introduced a rule to make sure the gender of the athletes competing during the competitions. It can be said that the comments made on this subject cannot fully reflect the reality.

THE IMPORTANCE OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN CREATING A BRAND CITY

Zührem YAMAN — 2024-08-29

Today, cities need to engage in value-creating activities for various purposes and differentiate themselves from other cities. For this purpose, acting in line with the mission of creating a city image that will be the center of attention by individuals who make a difference globally plays an important role in the effective promotion of the city's core values. Culture and historical texture of the city, geographical location, transportation facilities, the existence of areas where visitors can spend their time with pleasure and ending these experiences without any problems contribute positively to the formation of the city image. These elements also play an important role in increasing the awareness of the city and gaining an identity as a brand city. While the efforts made for the branding of a city contribute to the formation of a vision for the future of the city, it also supports all stakeholders in the city's branding process in determining their own goals and heading towards these goals. In this direction, the aim of the research is to determine the role of recreational activities in creating and directing the brand city, and to examine whether cognitive and emotional values have a significant effect on city branding. The universe of the research consists of people living in Kastamonu or people visiting recreational areas in the city, and the sample of the research has been carried out with 294 visitors selected by random method. As one of the data collection methods, questionnaire method has been used in the research. The questionnaires have been collected online. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that there is a significant relationship between the cognitive and emotional attractions, which are the dimensions of city branding, and the image of the city (r=0.629; p<0.001). At the same time, a positive and significant relationship has been found between the recreational service quality variable, which is one of the sub-dimensions of city branding, and the city image (r=0.672; p<0.001). It is important for the local community and administrators living in the city to act by taking into account these factors in city branding, image studies, and increasing the brand city awareness. Considering these factors, it is thought that tourists will be attracted to the city more by providing tourism diversity, such as local cuisine tourism.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKAHOLISM, ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND BURNOUT: A RESEARCH ON PUBLIC EMPLOYEES

Ceyhun SERÇEMELİAdnan KÜÇÜKALİ ,Mehmet BALIKÇILAR — 2024-08-29

This research was conducted to evaluate the workaholism, organizational support and burnout levels of public employees and the relationships between these concepts. In addition, it was also examined whether the averages differed according to some demographic variables. Within the scope of the research, a questionnaire was applied to 200 public employees working in the Narman district of Erzurum province. According to the findings obtained from the research, it was determined that there is a moderately significant relationship between workaholism and organizational support. A moderately significant relationship was also found between workaholism and burnout. No significant relationship was found between organizational support and burnout. Within the scope of the research, it was understood that there was a significant difference between the averages of the participants in terms of various demographic characteristics such as gender, education level and occupation.

A RECENT REVIEW OF MORAL EDUCATION

Nur SILAY — 2024-08-29

Moral education has been a research topic over the years and it is related with character education, values education and citizenship education. It is a concern for many societies especially in times of great changes. The responsibility of growing moral children falls on the shoulders of parents and other members of families, teachers and other educators, and societies in general. This is a review article which has attempted to summarize the main ideas of randomly selected articles from recent years. Since recent publication years have been aimed, it may be regarded a rather up-to-date review. It seems likely that this topic will continue to be researched for a long while in the forthcoming years.

THE POTENTIAL OF SOLAR ENERGY AND SOLAR POWER PLANTS (BİLECİK PROVINCE)

Zafer BAŞKAYASenanur KAYA — 2024-08-29

Global population is growing every single day. Today, with the increasing population coupled with the developing technology and industrialization, the demand for energy both in the world and in Turkey is going up rapidly in various usage areas. Fossil fuels and their environmental damage are making the need for renewable energy more obvious. As a result of this, renewable energy sources have been recently valued more than ever. Renewable energy sources mainly include wind energy, geothermal energy, hydroelectric energy, biomass energy and solar energy. Among them, solar energy has many uses and an important potential. Solar energy is used in various fields such as electricity generation, hot water production, cooling, drying and water distillation.This study is carried out to analyse the potential of solar energy together with the existing and planned solar power plants in Bilecik province since it bears importance as a type of renewable energy sources.

LEGAL EVALUATION OF INDIVIDUALS AND ADMINISTRATION'S RIGHTS TO PROPERTY IN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN TERMS OF LAW NO. 2942

Haluk SARUHAN — 2024-08-29

The right to property is considered among the fundamental rights of the individual in the literature. ‎Restrictions, regulations and updates to be made in this context are considered exceptional. In this case, it has been decided to return the immovable property to its owner, unless the responsibility is fulfilled. The conditions regarding the use of this law are included in the Constitution and it has been determined that 5 calendar years have passed since the expropriation and the owner made a request within 365 days from this date. The administration, which does not fulfill these obligations arising from the law, gives the right to return the real estate to the former owner. The obligations of the parties regarding this situation should be evaluated in terms of the principles of administrative law and especially the liability of fault of the administration.

THE ROLES OF WOMEN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE “SUPER WOMAN MODEL” IN LEÏLA SLIMANI'S HOŞ NAĞME

Seçil YÜCEDAĞ — 2024-08-29

Leïla Slimani, a contemporary French writer of Moroccan origin, winner of the 2016 Goncourt award, describes the class and cultural conflicts between a young Parisian bourgeois couple and their nannies through the roles of women in her novel entitled Hoş Nağme. In the novel, the roles of mother-housewife-businesswoman and motherhood-femininity concepts are handled in the context of traditional-modern woman models through two women, nanny and mother. Contrary to the traditional image of women, which is associated only with caring for children, according to the "Super woman model" put forward by egalitarian feminists, which became widespread after the 70s, women can successfully carry out their mother-wife roles, professional and social responsibilities. The modern, intellectual, free and social mother Myriam; the traditional, dependent and introverted mother Louise represent the female-mother figures in the novel. Myriam wants to continue her career, but can not do it alone. She transfers the maternal role to her low-class nanny, Louise. Hoş Nağme tells about the transition of biological motherhood to materialist motherhood. The title of the novel refers to the lullaby that the mother reads to her child, but the initially pleasant lullaby turns into a drama. In the novel written with the flashback technique, the children are brutally killed by the nanny. In her novel, Slimani brings up the question of motherhood-femininity, while addressing the social norms and cultural prejudices that limit women's identity only to motherhood. In this study, we will examine the femininity-motherhood roles of two women from different social classes in the context of the superwoman model, based on the feminist studies of the French feminist philosopher and writer Elisabeth Badinter.

MODERATING EFFETCTS OF WORK FAMILY CONFLICT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER ROLE ATTİTUDES AND PSYCHOLOGİCAL CLİMATE

Eda Dilara AYBERNil Selenay ERDEN — 2024-08-29

In this study, in which gender role attitudes are considered as a variable that can be a source of expectations and behavior patterns in business life by drawing a framework summarizing the expectations attributed to gender roles, a classification has been made in two axes egalitarianism and traditionalism. Tests on the research model developed for the positive contribution of egalitarian role attitudes to the psychological climate and the role of work-family conflict in this relationship were conducted with SPSS version 26. While the findings partially supported the research hypotheses, unexpected results were obtained, and the relations established in the theoretical infrastructure were discussed again in the conclusion section. According to the findings, no relationship was found between egalitarian gender role attitudes and psychological climate. However, it was found that work-family conflict has a partial moderator role in the relationship between traditional gender role attitudes and psychological climate. In the research, it has been deduced that the perceptions of individuals who adapt and do not adapt to the organizational culture individually differ, and that their gender role attitudes may have situational positive or negative reflections on the psychological climate.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GUITAR AND VIOLIN-PIANO ADAPTATIONS OF ENRIQUE GRANADOS’ PIANO WORK SPANISH DANCE NO. 5

Kerim ALTINÖRS — 2024-08-29

This study comparatively analyzes the adaptations of Enrique Granados’ Spanish Dance No. 5 for solo piano work performed using different instrumental and stylistic approaches. The work, also known as “Andaluza” or “Playera,” is one of the most transcribed and played works in the classical guitar repertoire. Apart from the solo guitar, Andaluza’s arrangements for duo guitar, violin-piano, cello-piano, and orchestra have been made by many outstanding composers and virtuosos. As a result of the reviews, adaptations of the different periodic and stylistic perspectives on the guitar by Miguel Llobet and David Russell were chosen and analyzed. Another adaptation selected to examine is the adaptation for violin-piano by Fritz Kreisler. To carry out the analysis, the stylistic characteristics of Granados and Andaluza, the approaches of the guitar transcriptions performed by Llobet and Russell, as well as Kreisler’s stylistic characteristics, were examined and classified comparatively under six items. The comparisons were made based on the perspectives of these six items, with criteria such as note changes, metric value differences, dynamics, and articulations. The study found that Llobet’s Romantic adaptation has a more subjective and guitaristic approach than the piano edition, while Russell’s Modern adaptation sticks to the notes and approaches of the piano timbre. The study found very radical changes in all criteria in both the violin and piano sections of Kreisler's adaptation. In particular, the virtuosic arpeggio passages, ornaments, and articulations, such as the phrase ties added by Kreisler, are an example of a recomposing approach with its radical changes. It was concluded that such an example could open new perspectives for guitarists in transcribing the work.

ANALYSIS OF ERNESTO KÖHLER Op.33/III ETUDE BOOK USED IN FLUTE EDUCATION

Utku ATACANGülten CÜCEOĞLU ÖNDER — 2024-08-29

It this study, analyzing the etudes of the book named “15 Easy Etudes for the Flute” of Ernesto Köhler’in op.33 – III in terms of speed, tempo, tone, beat, breathing gaps, technical studies, techniques of vocalisation, abundance terms, adornments are aimed. Qualitative investigetion methods are used in this study. All of the 15 etudes are investigated via content analysis. As a first step, a code list is prepared according to basicaltechnical and musical concepts which take place in flute education. Codes come in sight are also added to the list. By the investigation and bunching together the codes, themes are formed. In order to provide relience two investigators made the content analysis seperately.To calculate reliablility Miles and Huberman (1994) formula is used. In this calculation, reliability calculated as %94. Datas are organized according to codes and themes and findings are presented and interpreted as tables.

DETERMINATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS

İsmail KANAREkrem ŞAHİN ,Ercan CEYLAN — 2024-08-29

Instructional leadership refers to the leadership that expresses the attitudes and behaviors of teachers and school administrators towards students regarding the education and training process within the school. ‎The high level of educational leadership contributes to the increase in the level of acquisition of knowledge and skills in students, and to progress in academic success. In this study, it is aimed to determine the instructional leadership characteristics of school administrators from the teachers' perspective. ‎‎The survey model, one of the descriptive research models, was used in the research. Survey models are research models that enable to reveal perceptions or attitudes towards a certain situation. The universe of the research consists of teachers working in the province of Malatya in the 2022-2023 academic year. The sample of the research consists of 315 teachers from different branches, who are in the universe and work at the secondary school level. ‎‎The demographic information form and the instructional leadership behavior scale (SLBS) were used as data collection tools in the research. ‎Quantitative data analysis methods were used in the analysis of the research data. In this context, the research data were analyzed with the SPSS24 data analysis program. ‎As a result of the research, it was concluded that the teachers working in the city (town-district) had higher levels of instructional leadership than those working in villages, there was no difference between the levels of instructional leadership in terms of gender, and the perceptions of instructional leadership were similar in terms of professional seniority. .‎

EXAMINING THE STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MAQAM MUSIC IN INSTRUMENT TEACHING IN TÜRKİYE

Volkan Adil İLDİNÇSalih AKKAŞ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the postgraduate theses/dissertations in the field of the musical instrument teaching to beginners in Turkey. Within this frame, 26 different postgraduate theses/dissertations written up in the last twenty-two years have been classified in various aspects. This research has been conducted as a qualitative research and all the data have been gathared through document analysis method. The sampling of this research was determined in criterion sampling, which is one of the purposive sampling strategies. To examine the theses/dissertations reached, the researcher has produced a “Dissertation/Thesis Review Form” for this study. The analyses of the data are based on the frequency (f) and the data are shown on the graphs. As a result of the research, the following conclusions were appeared that 26 theses/dissertations from 12 different universities were conducted in the instrument teaching for the beginner level in maqam music system, the groups studied were mostly included the stringed instruments, using descriptive and difference statistics, most of the theses/dissertations were conducted without any support and the studies in this field were being carried out in very few institutions throughout Turkey.

DETERMINATION OF TEACHERS' AWARENESS LEVELS FOR SUBSTANCE ADDICTION

Damla KARABULUTYıldız KARA ,Özgür Mutlu KARABULUT ,İlhami ŞAHİN — 2024-08-29

Substance use is a way of getting rid of the difficulties that the individual is in due to his social and emotional interactions, which is seen throughout the world today. ‎However, the use of these substances can cause individuals to experience significant social, emotional, physical and health-related problems. In the researches, it was stated that the tendencies towards substance use increased especially in high school periods, and accordingly, it was emphasized that the cooperation between school and family is important. In this respect, teachers' awareness levels are considered important in preventing substance addiction due to substance use. In this research, it was aimed to reveal the awareness levels of teachers about substance addiction. In the research, scanning model, one of the descriptive research models, was used. ‎The universe of the research consists of ‎teachers working at secondary education level in Samsun in the 2022-2023 academic year. The sample of the research, on the other hand, consists of 155 teachers determined from the universe and randomly included in the research. ‎Substance addiction awareness ‎Scale ‎was used as a data collection tool in the research.‎ Quantitative data analysis methods were used in the analysis of the research data, and the data were analyzed with the ‎SPSS24 data analysis program. In the study, it was determined that the awareness level of school administrators for substance addiction is higher than that of teachers, and the level of awareness increases as the number of children increases. It has been determined that those who have information about the social work profession and related institutions, those who receive training on substance addiction and those who state that they are a substance addicted individual in the neighborhood where the school is located have higher awareness levels.

EXAMINING THE SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS' CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Hayrettin ÖZTÜRKMehmet EKİCİ ,Fatma ÖZTÜRK — 2024-08-29

While conflict has a feature that can make it difficult or prevent an organization from reaching its goal, in conflict management, it is possible to reduce the negative effects and increase the positive effects. Considering the position of the conflict in organizations and in life, it is seen that there are conflicts in educational organizations as well. These conflicts can occur between teachers, students and school administrators. ‎Due to these complex characteristics of schools, the risk of conflict in various forms is high. The knowledge, skills and experiences of school administrators are extremely important in the prevention of these situations and in the management of existing conflicts. In the research, it is aimed to reveal the conflict management strategies of school administrators according to the opinions of the teachers. Quantitative research designs were used in the research. In this context, scanning model, one of the descriptive research models, was used. The universe of the research consists of preschool, classroom and guidance teachers working in primary schools in Malatya city center and its districts in the 2022-2023 academic year. The sample of the study, on the other hand, consists of 278 teachers determined by the researcher by random sampling method in the context of the research purpose. In the research, demographic information form prepared by the researcher and the conflict management strategies determination scale for school administrators were used as data collection tools. Quantitative data analysis methods were used in the analysis of the research data. In this context, the data were analyzed with the SPSS24 data analysis program. In the study, it was determined that the perceptions of the school administrators regarding the conflict management strategies of the school administrators were higher than the women, and that the school administrators were more competent in terms of conflict management strategies as the age of the teachers increased. In the study, it was seen that the teachers working in the classroom teacher branch perceived their school administrators as more competent in terms of conflict management strategies. In the research, it was concluded that the conflict management strategies of school administrators increased due to the increase in professional seniority and the number of teachers in the school.

THE EFFECT OF MACHINE LEARNING ON CHILDREN'S SOUL HEALTH

Kevser PASLI YENİAY — 2024-08-29

Artificial Intelligence, also referred to by the acronym AI, refers to systems or machines that mimic human intelligence to perform tasks and can gradually improve itself with the information it collects. Artificial intelligence manifests itself in many forms. For example; Chatbots use artificial intelligence to understand customers' problems faster and provide more efficient answers. Intelligent assistants leverage artificial intelligence to pull critical information from large user-defined datasets to improve scheduling. Recommendation engines can automatically suggest TV programs based on users' viewing habits. AI is about super-powered thinking and data analysis capability and process rather than any particular form or function. Although artificial intelligence provides images of high-level human-like robots taking over the world, its purpose is not to replace humans. The aim is to significantly develop and contribute to human capabilities. Therefore, it is a highly valuable commercial asset. Artificial intelligence has become an all-encompassing term for application software that performs complex tasks that require prior human input, such as communicating with customers online or playing chess. The term is often used interchangeably with sub-branches such as machine learning and deep learning (accessed from https://www.oracle.com/artificial-intelligence/what-is-ai/). In this article, we will examine the videos that children will watch with the machine learning method used by Youtube and how these affect the psychology of children, and the relationship of children with artificial intelligence will be emphasized in Youtube.

NOBLES IN THE NOVEL WAR AND PEACE OF LEO TOLSTOY

İsmail SERDAR — 2024-08-29

In War and Peace, the great epic novel of Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910), there are approximately 600 characters, of which 200 are historical. In this river novel, there is a wide range of people, from the Tsar to the commander-in-chief, from Napoleon to ordinary soldiers, from high society to the ordinary peasant of the period. The magnificent picture of Russia at the beginning of the 19th century contains in Tolstoy's novel not only the depiction of historical events, but also the history of the nobility (?�?�?�ря?�ст?�?�) as its integral part. Through these families, the author shows the positive and negative features of the period in land-owning (feudal) Russia through noble families. Thanks to the depiction of the life, daily life and destinies of noble families, the epic integrity and artistic brilliance of the painting of the age is achieved, its historical flavor is recreated. In his large-volume epic novel, Tolstoy deals with the effects of war on society and individuals on the basis of many historical events in Europe and Russia between 1805 and 1812, while he deals with dozens of themes such as patriotism, false patriotism, history, family, war and peace in a realistic style. It is seen that the nobles of that period played an extremely important role in the novel, especially within the scope of the effect of the war on the families. In particular, the biographies and memories of Rostovs and Bolkonskies, who are the prototypes of his own family, are clearly reflected on the heroes. In this article on the nobility in War and Peace, we will take a closer look at the characteristics of the secular 'high society' (?�ысш?�?� с?�?�т) society, and how Tolstoy, as a member of the noble class of the period, depicted the nobility in the novel, its effects in the Homeland War, its place in social life. We will discuss it with references from the novel.

EXAMINATION OF MUSIC THEORY KNOWLEDGE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL 8TH GRADE STUDENTS

Muhammed Ali ÇAKIRSibel KARAKELLE — 2024-08-29

Music education has an valuable role in formatting societies because it is an important element of cultural richness and intangible cultural heritage. Although the interaction of the individual with music begins in the prenatal period, the first professional acquaintance with music is through music lessons given in school. This research aims to reveal how the course content and the learning outcomes related to music theory given in schools are perceived by the 8th grade students at secondary school. In the study, the data were collected through the "Music Theory Evaluation Questionnaire". First, the items for the questionnaire were created in line with the literature; and then, after taking the opinions of the colleagues for face validity and expert opinions for content validity; the questionnaire was finalized as a totaly 14-item research instrument. The participants (n=106) were asked to express their opinions by choosing one of the options "Yes", "Partly" or "No". In the demographic information part of the questionnaire, the participants were asked to indicate "gender, mother's education level, father's education level, whether they played an instrument, whether they took part in a musical activity outside of school". Frequencies and percentages were calculated in the data analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between participant views in terms of demographic variables. When the results of the findings were evaluated, it was seen that there was a significant difference in the level of music theory knowledge in terms of the gender of the participants, the level of music theory knowledge was higher among the participants who reported that they played a musical instrument when compared to those who stated that they did not play an instrument; that the level of music theory knowledge was higher in the participants who stated that they had a family member who played a musical instrument than in those who did not have any family members who played a musical instrument, and that the level of music theory knowledge was higher in the participants who stated that they took part in a music activity other than music lessons at school when compared to those who stated that they were not involved in any music activities.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN GAINING 21ST CENTURY SKILLS

Abdulkadir ÇULHAAkın SOY ,Mine KOCAMAN ,Ercan BALLI — 2024-08-29

Today, rapid developments in various fields such as science, industry and technology have brought about important changes in individual and social life. The widespread use of technological tools and the fact that the limitations such as time and space between individuals have been removed to a significant extent have made it necessary for individuals to have various skills. ‎These skills are expressed as 21st century skills in terms of being the skills required by the age. In this research ‎21. It is aimed to discuss the 21st century skills and the relationship of these skills with the education and training processes. For this purpose, evaluations based on the literature were made. ‎Traditionally, the development of individuals' skills in certain areas and the processes that require muscle strength have disappeared to a significant extent. On the other hand, skills such as using technology, communication skills, entrepreneurship, creativity, critical thinking, media literacy, cooperation and learning to learn have become important. Gaining these skills, which are among the 21st century skills, enables individuals to gain significant advantages in their academic and professional lives. In this respect, it is important that individuals acquire 21st century skills effectively, starting from the basic education stage, in education and training processes.

THE EFFECTS OF THE “BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE” PROJECT ON CHINA-MIDDLE EAST RELATIONS

Yusuf SAYAR — 2024-08-29

This article includes an evaluation on the impact of the improvements on the relationship between China and the Middle East, by referring to the studies and initiatives made within the scope of the New Silk Road Project, which is called the "Belt and Road Initiative", in order to revitalize and develop the historical Silk Road and to offer new opportunities. China has provided investments and funds to many regions and countries within the scope of the Belt Road Initiative in order to find new trade routes, increase the value and prestige of the Chinese Yuan, and improve international relations. The Middle East among these regions is one of the important Belt and Road Initiative pillars for China with its oil, energy and raw material resources and ports. This study aims to examine the formations and developments in the relationship between China and the Middle East within the scope of the Belt and Road Initiative.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GRADUATE THESIS ON INTERACTIVE READING

Mustafa Samet BAYKALHürü Ö. ÇATALKAYA ,Evren BOZKURT ,Merve BAYKAL — 2024-08-29

Interactive reading is a teaching approach that emphasizes the active participation of students in their own learning processes. This approach views reading as a social and cultural activity involving interactions between the reader, the text and other people, rather than a solitary and passive activity. Interactive reading typically includes techniques such as shared reading, guided reading, and collaborative discussion to help students understand the text more deeply and develop a stronger connection with the material being read. Interactive reading is important because it actively engages the reader in the process of understanding and extracting meaning from the text. This type of reading encourages critical thinking, improves understanding and retention of information, and helps with a deeper understanding of the content. Additionally, interactive reading can be more engaging and fun, leading to a more positive reading experience. In this study, bibliometric analysis of postgraduate thesis studies that were studied under the general title of interactive reading in the National Thesis Center database of the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) were made. The universe of the research consists of postgraduate theses in Turkey. It has been determined that 8 postgraduate thesis studies have been conducted in Turkey as a study subject on interactive reading. It has been determined that 3 of the scientific studies are doctorate and 5 are master's thesis. In the classification of theses: graduate level, written languages, universities they were prepared, year of publication, departments and advisor titles, criteria were taken as basis. The aim of the study is to present a general picture of postgraduate academic studies on interactive reading.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GRADUATE THESES ON CREATIVE READING

Huzeyfe AKARKENElife KASNIK ,Halil KILIÇ ,Remzi VARAN — 2024-08-29

Creative reading method is a reading approach that encourages readers to use their imagination and creativity while reading a text. It aims to stimulate the reader's own thoughts, feelings, and interpretations of the story, leading to a deeper and more personal connection with the text. This approach can be used in works of fiction and non-fiction and encourages readers to engage actively with the text by asking questions, making connections, visualizing scenes, and evaluating different perspectives. Creative reading has many positive effects on individuals. These; It creates positive effects such as encouraging critical thinking, improving understanding, developing imagination and creativity, supporting empathy and emotional intelligence, and increasing reading pleasure. In this study, bibliometric analysis of postgraduate thesis studies, which were studied under the general title of creative reading in the National Thesis Center database of the Council of Higher Education (YÖK), was carried out. The universe of the research consists of postgraduate theses conducted and completed in Turkey. It has been determined that 11 postgraduate thesis studies have been conducted in Turkey as a study subject on creative reading. It was determined that 5 of these postgraduate theses were doctoral theses and 6 were master's theses. In the classification of theses: graduate level, written languages, universities they were prepared, year of publication, departments and advisor titles, criteria were taken as basis. The aim of the study is to present a general picture of the theses studied on creative reading and to reveal a guide for people who will work in the related field.

HISTORICAL TURKISH MUSIC COMPOSERS AND INSTRUMENTS

Mehmet KUTTANŞafak AKALTUN ,Elif ERDOĞAN ,Mikail ARICI — 2024-08-29

In this study, Turkish music history, composers in Turkish music history and Turkish musical instruments used throughout the historical process from past to present have been researched and classified. The first title deals with the historical development and all periods of Turkish Music in detail. The second title, depending on the historical development, Turkish music historians in this period were examined. In the third and last title, eleven instruments that are used and belong only to Turkish music are explained in items. Since the study is a theoretical study due to its scope, Turkish Music artists from almost every period are included in order. Eleven musical instruments that are still used today have an important place in literature research around the world.

EXTRA CURRICULUM ACTIVITIES AND FUNCTIONS IN SCHOOLS

İhsan ALSANCAKFiliz ÖZTAŞ ,Özlem ELTUT ,Mehmet Sinan PAMUKÇİ ‎ — 2024-08-29

A real education is in a state of constant action, and it cannot be expected to be limited to the education received only in institutions such as schools. In the literature researches, it has been observed that the students have a lack of success as a result of the education being limited to the school and not supported by other out-of-school activities. Education should be considered as a whole and education should be made into an even more qualified action with activities outside of school. Although the lessons in the school are planned in line with the interests and needs of the students in terms of teaching, there are also points that they cannot reach. These inaccessible points are reinforced with extracurricular activities, making them more productive. These extracurricular activities can be done in many different ways. The important thing here is that the selection of activities should be done by taking into account the wishes and socio-economic conditions of the student. The characteristic features of a society are in parallel with the education system. For this reason, education has been one of the most important issues by conscious societies. The education system should be supported not only by the curriculum but also by extracurricular activities. It has been observed that the extracurricular activities can be supplemented with extracurricular activities, which are mostly supported by social and sportive activities. In this study, after talking about extracurricular activities, their functions are explained.