The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2021 Issue 123

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VISUAL AND OPTICAL ILLUSIONS

Zafer LEHİMLER — 2024-08-29

Our sense of sight can perceive images in different ways under certain conditions, which can cause physiological and psychological illusions. Illusion is a reality that manifests itself in all areas of life, depending on the visual process. However, illusion stimulates our sense of sight physically and mentally in different ways. Visual illusions are related to mental stimuli, while optical illusions are related to physical stimuli. In this direction, the research focused on determining the distinction between visual and optical illusions. Visual and optical illusion, which seem fundamentally similar, should be treated as two different categories. This approach provides a balanced relationship between content and form, depending on the decisions to be made during the design process. The visual and optical illusion, which must establish a strong relationship with the designated content, must accurately reflect the intended visual message.

THE CONCEPTION ABSTRACT ART IN KANDINSKY AND MARC DURING THE HISTORICAL PROCESS.

Dilek TÜRKMENOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Abstract art reflects the artist's interest in the spiritual rather than trying to convey nature as it is. This study will focus on the point in which art as constructed an enchantment to nature within the idealist tradition of German art theory. While abstraction and empathy are basis for style in the arts of primitive communities, the enchantment in Romantism or empathy as asserted by Worringer is connected to development of the abstract art as a inner necessity in 20th century. It aims to explore what the history of ideas about abstraction and empathy in this way. The ideas of Kandinsky and Marc which forming intellectual basis of abstract art become mature together with their arts and formed different concepts, as connected with this tradition. With this aspect, the study aims to examine the relationships to be established between the thoughts and works of the artists.

THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND UNCERTAINTY: THE EXAMPLE OF TURKEY UNCERTAINTY INDEX

Ayca SARIALIOGLU HAYALI — 2024-08-29

While Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can play a role in increasing confidence in the country by positively affecting the country's outlook and thus reducing the environment of uncertainty, uncertainty can also play a negative role on FDI due to both the volatility of investments and the "wait-see" behavior of investors. It can be said that in the economic analysis, the subject of “uncertainty” directly affects the economy through total demand with its deterrent effects on investments and delaying consumption expenditures and it indirectly affects the economy by increasing risks and disrupting the general outlook of the country and thus turning the expectations to negative with a result of decrease in capital inflows/capital flight. This study aims to test the causal relationship between FDI and Uncertainty for the period of 1980-2020 by using the data for Turkey (Turkey Uncertainty Index-TUI) of the World Uncertainty Index recently developed by Ahir et al. (1918). In this context, handling the uncertainty issue in the example of Turkey in this way and using a new data set for this can be considered as the original contributions of the study to the literature. In our study where we analyzed this potential causality relationship between FDI and Uncertainty for the period of 1980-2020 in the sample of Turkey with the granger causality test, we determined a uni-directional relationship running from FDI to TUI. Since causality running from TUE to FDI could not be determined, mutual feeding could not be found here.

ASSOCIATIONS OF MACEDONIAN IMMIGRANTS NIGHTS AND THE CONST-RUCTION OF CULTURAL IDENTITY THROUGH MUSIC AND DANCE

Mümtaz Hakan SAKAR — 2024-08-29

Macedonian immigrants rely on music to keep their Macedonian past, culture and community harmony alive in Turkey, which they see as their “homeland”. This article, in which the data collected through participant observation and interview techniques are subjected to conceptual analysis, tries to examine the dance and music practices of two Macedonian immigrant associations with Turkish and Muslim ethnicity in a different place. The first of these associations is "İzmir Macedonian Immigrants Culture and Solidarity Association", which was established in Altındağ district in 1999, and the other is "Macedonian Köprülü Migrants Culture and Solidarity Association", which was established in Çamdibi district in 2016. Examining two different Association Nights of Macedonian immigrants from the perspective of musical and cultural identity, this study underlines the importance of associations in terms of socialization, preservation, reinforcement and continuation of cultural identity. It aims to reveal the importance of music as the catalyst for this whole situation.

"COMPARATIVE" ANALYSIS OF HUGO VAN DER GOES' "THE ORIGINAL SIN" ACCORDING TO ERWIN PANOFSKY'S ERWIN PANOFSKY'S ICONOGRAPHIC AND ICONOLOGICAL CRITICAL METHOD

Nazan DÜZ — 2024-08-29

In this study, the painting called "The Original Sin" by Hugo van der Goes, which was made presumably in 1479 was analyzed by using Erwin Panofsky's "Iconographic and Iconological Art Criticism" method. The painting has its place among the valuable works of the Northern Renaissance. Panofsky is an essential art historian and with this method he developed, he stood up for a deep understanding of work by reading it correctly. In line with the iconographic and iconological criticism method, in the analysis of the work, evaluation is made in three parts, which are being natural meaning (factual, expressive meaning), consensus meaning (secondary meaning), and internal meaning (content). The oil painting by Goes, "The Original Sin" tells a story that takes part in the Bible. It depicts an important event for Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. In the story, Adam and Eve commit the original sin by eating the forbidden fruit and are expelled from heaven. The first finding we deduced concerning the work is this important religious depiction, which we observe at the thematic level that is a natural meaning analysis. Subsequently, the work was analyzed in the wake of analyzing the connotation in the work that constitutes the second part of the method, and finally the inner meaning of the work, which is the third part of the method.

ANALYSIS OF THE PAINTED VEIL MOVIE THROUGH ATTACHMENT INJURIES

Hanife AKGÜLAdile Sümeyra GÜNER — 2024-08-29

The concept of attachment injury is a rather new and special concept in couple and family therapy. It occurs when something damages the structure of the attachment between the partners in a romantic relationship. This can be a decisive in the relationship, as attachment injury is experienced in moments of need when individuals are vulnerable. For each couple, experiences that result in attachment injury vary. For example, an experience that is highly traumatic for one couple may be trivial for another. This study seeks to examine the concepts of attachment and attachment injury and to elaborate on these concepts by analyzing a movie. To that end, this study draws on document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, and examines the 2006 The Painted Veil movie through the concept of attachment injury. The movie is about an infidelity experienced by a couple, Kitty and Walter, and the process of healing after an attachment injury they experienced afterwards. This study aims to explain attachment injury and its related concepts through the events and conversations in the movie. Thus, it will hopefully help understanding the concept of attachment injury and contribute to the relevant literature.

IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERMEDIALITY AND ELECTRONIC LITERATURE ENIS BATUR'S NOVEL ACI BİLGİ

Abdulmecit CANATAKNurten BULDUK — 2024-08-29

It can be observed that Turkish literature, in the post-1980 phase of the modernization process, entered into a different structuring with technology and media-oriented effects, especially for the novel genre.After the 1990s, with the Digital Age period, it is possible to detect in novels that Turkish literature studies started to move to the electronic environment with the new media tools that are one of the benefits of the digitalization process, new media tools and new genres based on web technology were produced, and hypertexts specific to electronic literature began to affect Turkish literature.The aim of this study is to discuss how Turkish literature was affected by the digitalization process, its interaction with electronic literature, and to discuss how the novels produced by the media and affacted its features.The literature review method was used because of the digitalization process and the expansion of the concept of media, and the derivation of related new concepts and terms.In this way, concepts such as digital, electronic literature, hyperfiction, new media, intermediality will also be examined on the axis of discussion.Because Enis Batur’s novel Acı Bilgi & Fugue Sanatı Üzerine Bir Roman Denemesi was analyzed within the framework of Intermediality Theory, which is suitable for questioning the relations between media and technology, theoretical analysis was used as the second method.The results of the study are;The structures called "integrated form" or "composite artwork" are formed by the intense use of different media, arts and genres in the works. Intermedia relations in Turkish novels have enabledchanging of structural-content features and transform novel which have brought features such as "hybridization, visualization, mediaization". In addition to the production of new genres and literary products, the characteristics of the author and reader have changed.

A SCOPE COMPARISON ON THE PLACE OF TURKISH HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION IN THE COMMON TURKISH HISTORY TEXTBOOK OF THE TURKISH WORLD AND HIGH SCHOOL HISTORY LESSONS TAUGHT IN TURKEY

Refik TURAN — 2024-08-29

Although the preparation of a common history textbook to be taught in the schools of the Turkic republics was first started in 1992, this attempt could not be successful. After the establishment of the International Turkic Academy in 2012, this issue came to the fore again and the Academy undertook this mission and successfully concluded the writing of the Common Turkish History textbook. The Common Turkish History Textbook, which was written for eighth graders, was first started to be taught as an elective course in Turkey, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan schools in 2019. The aim of this research is to compare the Common Turkish History 8 textbooks and the History 9 and History 10 textbooks, which cover the same historical period and which are taught in secondary schools in Turkey, in terms of the situation in which subjects related to Turkish history and civilization are included. Document analysis method was used in the research. As a result of the research, it has been understood that the Common Turkish History textbook has a wider scope in terms of the Turkish states, material and spiritual cultural elements and historical figures. It is thought that teaching this textbook as a compulsory course in all Turkic republics will contribute to the development of common historical consciousness.

THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF GÖBEKLİ TEPE AND KARAHAN TEPE AND THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON EARLY NEOLITHIC LIFE

Hurşit YETMEND.Doğu ATEŞ — 2024-08-29

After the discovery of Göbekli Tepe, the importance of other neolithic centers in Şanlıurfa has increased and archaeological excavations covering these centers have gained momentum since 2019. Göbekli Tepe findings, which led to the questioning of the paradigm regarding the transition of humans to settled life, brought up many questions that need to be answered. In order to answer these questions, primarily archaeological sites with similar architectural/artistic elements and building style to Göbekli Tepe have been excavated in the last few years. One of the prominent archaeological sites after Göbekli Tepe is Karahan Tepe. Excavations at Karahan Tepe started in 2019 and are still continuing today. Although they have some different aspects, Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe, which are part of the same civilization, provide important information for understanding the neolithicization process in Southeastern Anatolia. The main purpose of the study is to contribute to the understanding of the effects of past natural environment characteristics on human activities. In this study, how the inhabitants of Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe might have adapted to natural geographical conditions in the past is discussed from the perspective of paleogeography. The geomorphological features, rocks, water resources, vegetation, soil and climatic characteristics of the surroundings of the above-mentioned archaeological sites were evaluated in comparison with the Early Holocene conditions in which these sites were occupied. It was concluded that Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe are quite different in terms of geomorphological and topographic features, and the landforms did not show any significant change from the Early Holocene to the present. It has been revealed that the climatic conditions were more humid and the vegetation was richer in the period when these archaeological sites were occupied. As a result of recent archaeological studies, it was seen that the monumental structures and possible domestic use areas were covered with soil and rubble, but the reasons for this are not yet well known. This survey suggests that the people living in Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe may have been affected by water scarcity and had to leave their habitats after a prolonged drought caused by climatic variability. Although this argument needs more paleoclimatic evidence, drought has been evaluated as the most serious threat from the natural environment in the region.

AN EVALUATION ON THE REFLECTIONS OF THE BULL FIGURE IN URARTIAN DESCRIPTION ART

Ayla BAŞ — 2024-08-29

The Urartian Kingdom, which ruled in Trancaucasia and a part of Northwest Iran, whose center is in Eastern Anatolia, has an important place among the Middle Iron Age cultures. Many works have been brought to the present day with excavations and researches in many centers within the borders of Urartu, and through these works, the socio-cultural structure, religious beliefs, political structure and artistic understanding of Urartu have been tried to be clarified. War, hunting scenes, religious scenes, mythological elements and various animal figures are found on the Urartian material culture remains. One of these animal figures is a bull. The bull is depicted in different ways, mostly as a single figure in Urartu, and sometimes as a mixed creature with eagle, bull, fish and human limbs. This study, which deals with the depiction of the bull encountered in many branches of Urartian Art, covers the effects of the bull depiction in the Urartian Kingdom and its development over time. Numerous studies on the bull figure in different periods and in many cultures provide information on the use of the bull image. Several questions arise in the use of the bull image in the Urartian Kingdom. Several questions arise in the use of the bull image in the Urartian Kingdom. These; For what purpose the bull is used, its place and importance in Urartian culture, its search for origins, its iconographic development, its symbolic and religious aspects. In this study, the existence of the bull figure in the Urartian Kingdom will be examined by reference to written texts and archaeological data, and it will be tried to find answers to the questions that arise about its interaction with the surrounding cultures, its iconographic development and uses.

SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION AND TREND ANALYSIS OF CRUDE DIVORCE RATES BY PROVINCES IN TURKEY (2001-2020)

Reşat GEÇEN Muhammet TOPUZ — 2024-08-29

Divorce cases are one of the main parameter that influence the demographic structure of a society. In order to explain and evaluate this parameter, investigating changes throughout space and time therefore determining spatial autocorrelation and temporal trend is important. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and geostatistical methods serve important advantages for investigating spatial and temporal changes of such cases. In this study by calculating the crude divorce rates for provinces in Turkey between 2001 and 2020, for 20 years, spatial autocorrelation and temporal changes of crude divorce cases have been investigated. In the study, testing the spatial distribution pattern of divorce cases and modelling the trend of 20 years’ period have been aimed. For spatial distribution, Moran’s I, Local Moran’s I and Hot Spot Analysis; for trend analysis Mann Kendall have been carried out. Consequently, according to result of Moran's I analysis, it has been determined that divorce cases clustered strongly across Turkey. Local Moran's I analysis has revealed that low values clustered in the southeastern part of Turkey, while high values clustered in two separate areas in southwestern Anatolia and central Anatolia. By using Hot Spot analysis, both hot and cold spots have been determined at 99%, 95% and 90% confidence intervals. The result of Mann Kendall trend analysis has revealed that there is a significant increase in the 99% confidence interval across Turkey. Provinces with increases and decreases in 99%, 95% and 90% confidence intervals have been determined considering each province. Finally, a significant decrease has been observed in 9 provinces while a significant increase in 57 provinces, and in 15 provinces there has been no significant change.

SUGGESTED WRITING ACTIVITIES BASED ON COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN EFL CLASSES

Gülay ERAynur KARADUMAN — 2024-08-29

In this study we suggest writing activities based on Cooperative Learning in EFL classes for high School students and examine the effect of these activities on the interest in writing skill of 9th grade students. The study has been conducted with 28 students studying at a high school at 9th grade during the academic year of 2018-2019. To test the effect of the suggested activities on their interests in writing, “The Evaluation Scale of the Students‟ Approach to Writing Activities” which has been designed by the researcher is used as pre-test and post-test. The research does not involve a control group: in order to analyse the findings IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software programme has been used. During eight weeks of teaching process, eight different writing activities are studied in experimental group which is 9/A class. According to the analysis of the results of the Evaluation Scale conducted before and after the activities studied, it was seen that the suggested writing activities based on Cooperative Language Learning increased the high school students‟ desire and interest in writing activities and hence the activities are predicted to have an effect on the development of their writing skills.

MAZURKAS IN FREDERIC CHOPIN’S MINIATURES

Mehriban ALİYEVA — 2024-08-29

Chopin is an important composer who made important contributions to the formation and development of the romantic era music literature. The composer, unlike most of his contemporaries, composed almost exclusively for piano. Chopin’s works have a special place in the repertoire of both artists and students. At the same time, the composer’s works have been included in the world’s leading international competitions and universities’ curricula, and especially his large-form works have been the subject of numerous studies. However, mazurka piano miniatures, which are at the center of Chopin’s artistic works and frequently included in performance programs, have not been studied extensively in terms of educational and musicology, both abroad and in Turkey. In this context, in this study, Mazurka A Minor Op.68 No.2 and F Major Op.68 No.3, which are among the bright dances of Chopin’s romantic miniature genre, were examined. For this purpose, a conceptual and historical framework is presented under the titles of Frederic Chopin’s life, piano music and miniatures, miniatures and mazurkas in Chopin’s music, the two works mentioned were analyzed technically and musically by supporting them with visual examples, and some suggestions that are thought to contribute to the execution and practice process of mazurkas are shared. It is thought that the study will fill an important gap in the literature. In addition, the presented historical, cultural and musical framework is expected to offer some clues to educators, students and pianists in terms of performance and pedagogy.

RELIGIOUS CULTURE AND ETHICS IN TEXTBOOKS NOAH'S PARABLE

Muhammed Muhdi GÜNDÜZ — 2024-08-29

In this article, Hz. The story of Noah will be discussed in terms of its suitability for the aims of the course, the developmental characteristics of the students and its content. For this, two textbooks taught at the 8th grade level in schools in the 2019-2020 academic year will be evaluated in terms of the objectives of the course and their suitability for the developmental characteristics of the students, and the topic in question will be subjected to a critical reading in terms of content. Hz. It is seen that the story of Noah is handled in a Qur'an-centered manner in accordance with the purpose of the lesson and the cognitive development of the students, and the mythological narrative is avoided by emphasizing moral principles. Accordingly, it can be said that the events in the story are handled in the context of "invitation to tawhid" in the textbooks, avoiding discussions of space and time. However, although there are references to hadiths in a textbook in the aforementioned story, it is difficult to say that the hadiths are sufficiently covered. In addition, it is emphasized by referring to the Qur'an that the event known as "Noah's Flood" in history is mentioned in the textbooks and the ship sat on Mount Judi. Although it is stated in one of the textbooks that what is meant by the "Mountain Judi" in the Qur'an is the mountain within the borders of our country, there are debates and the efforts of human beings on this subject continue, but it is seen that the other textbook does not touch on this subject. In addition, the textbooks included images of the "Noah's Flood" and the water and ship figures were highlighted in accordance with the content of the subject. The absence of a photograph of Mount Cudi, which is located within the borders of our country, alongside the figures in question, can be considered as a shortcoming. As a result, it is difficult to say that "Noah's Flood", which is described as a critical period for humanity, is sufficiently covered in textbooks. This limits the possibility of understanding and interpreting the incident in question correctly, and of students learning and appropriating the lessons learned/can be inferred from the incident.

SILK APRONS (FUTAS) IN TURKISH NOMAD WOMEN'S CLOTHING IN NORTH MACEDONIA

Aslıhan TURAN — 2024-08-29

The Republic of North Macedonia, a Balkan nation with a small population, and inhabit various ethnic elements, is located at the intersection of several nations, different cultures and religions. The nomadic Turks (Yuruks), who were settled in North Macedonia from the Anatolian Konya-Karaman region in the 14th century after the conquest of the Balkans by the Ottoman Empire, continue to live in the region, preserving their identity, culture, customs and lifestyle, despite all type of negative developments for six centuries. A good example of this preservation is the silk aprons (futas) worn by woman and known in several regions. Despite the lack of technology in the past, meticulously sewn and decorated futa has been prominent in traditional Turkish women's clothing and is still used by the women in the region. The Futas are worn in daily life and on special occasions, traditionally woven with hand looms, and include historical colors and patterns. Futas, which are used as body garments by nomadic peoples in North Macedonia today, have developed various cultural attributes. Based on the different culture, colors, motifs and accessories employed in futas reflect various meanings. Furthermore, in the nomadic villages of North Macedonia, the society was able to conserve several traditional customs; it could maintain the traditional use of futa, which still represents the local culture. However, there are no papers in the literature on North Macedonian futas. The present study aimed to categorize the traditional futas, continuously worn in the nomadic villages based on the intended use and the regions (southeast, east and west) in the Republic of North Macedonia, investigate the ornaments, motifs, colors and the composition of futas, document the original features, contribute to the relevant cultural history literature, and increase awareness of future generations. Thus, 51 futas were identified during the two-year field survey conducted between 2018 and 2020, and 16 futas with different features were analyzed based on a literature review.

ACTION AND CIRCUMSTANCE OF ACTION IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

Hasan YAKUT — 2024-08-29

A society's traffic pattern is the exterior of a civilization. It is possible to measure how respectable a person is in a region by the traffic operation of that region. Today, the significant increase in the number of vehicles per household has reached a remarkable level but these developments, together with the traffic density in the intercity and in the centers, and thus the traffic problem, leave people face to face with many dangers. Measures developed for the solution of transportation problems are often insufficient, and accidents that cause loss of life and property cannot be prevented. As a matter of fact, it is essential to take all precautions, not to leave anything to chance, and then to trust no matter what. As a matter of fact, taking precautions against dangers was asked when our master was asked whether I should tie my camel or leave it untied and put my trust in God: He said, Tie it up and then put your trust. Taking measures against the risk factor is essential in our religion. Because it is an obligation to take precautions where there is a danger. He said, "God’s protection has been removed from a person who sleeps even though there is no railing on the roof of the house." Compared to this, it has to act in a way that does not harm the vehicles traveling in traffic in the same way today. From the perspective of the cause of traffic accidents, it is to determine the causal link of the causal link between the act and the result in order to reveal from whom and how the responsibility originates, which of the human, road and vehicle factors are effective, and to reveal the perpetrator's responsibility. In Islamic law; Using the concepts of “mubâşeret” and “tasebbüb” to express the relationship between the act and the damage are the most important criteria that should be considered in the compensation of deaths, injuries, disabilities, material and moral damages resulting from traffic accidents due to cause and effect and negligence between the damage occurred and the event or behavior to which the responsibility is connected.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIETY, EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN GEORGE S. COUNTS'S SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVE UNDERSTANDING

Beyhan BAYRAK — 2024-08-29

In this study, Counts' thoughts on the relationship between society, education and culture were examined within the framework of social constructivist education. Counts thinks that social changes took place rapidly during his lifetime and that it is an important task to maintain social order with this change. Especially with the changes in the fields of science, technology and industry, an order should be formed in which individuality is left behind and an understanding of freedom that protects the interests of the general public is dominant. For the desired dominance, democracy must be based on a solid economic foundation. With such a foundation, the society will lead an economically comfortable life and then begin to work for the advancement of civilization. The social and economic transformation demanded by the Counts is based on controlling technology and advancing a form of collectivist democracy in which all national resources are under the control of the people. Combined with the democratic legacy of protecting civil rights and liberties, these elements are constitutional guarantees of a better civilization based on justice, human value and beauty to ensure life, freedom and the pursuit of happiness. Therefore, he sees American society as a community in desperate need of change for democracy to survive. According to Counts, the power to bring about the desired change should be primarily in the people and then in the institutions in different fields that make up the society and are charged with maintaining the social order. Education has an important place among these institutions and has the power to open the way to social order. In this context, education should confront social events directly and harmoniously, face life in all its solid reality, establish a natural relationship with the community, and develop a realistic and comprehensive theory of welfare. In addition, education, which is life itself, should help the new generations to adopt democratic feelings and cultural values organized in accordance with their age.

MUSSOLINI'S POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC POLICIES AFTER FASCISM IN ITALY

Mustafa SALEP — 2024-08-29

Having achieved its political unity in 1861, Italy is in a very important geographical position. In a process where the search for colonialism and competition were intense, Italy kept its desire to expand politically and militarily. Italy's domestic social and economic depressions directly affected its foreign policy pursuits. The desire to acquire new lands was effective in entering the First World War, but could not achieve the desired result in the peace process. This organization, which was founded under the leadership of Benito Mussolini in 1919 under the name of the Alliance of Fascist Struggle Units against intense communist and socialist propaganda, and transformed into the National Fascist Party in 1921, had a say in the administration of Italy until 1943. The political, economic and military policies of the National Fascist Party and its leader Mussolini, which was politically active in an authoritarian and ultra-nationalist line, affected not only Italy but also the states in the Mediterranean and Europe. Mussolini, who became the Prime Minister in 1922, was called a dictator in Italy with the fascist administration method, and was seen as a threat by a significant part of the states in the region with his expansionist political and military policies. Seeing himself as the heir of Rome, Mussolini set goals for the lands dominated by the Roman Empire. However, Italy, which could not achieve the desired result with the First World War, focused on armament and engaged in various political, economic and military activities in the Mediterranean and Europe. All these were perceived as a threat by some regional states and accelerated the search for regional alliances. This article analyzes the process of fascism coming to power in Italy and the political and economic policies of Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini, who is identified with fascism, for the interwar period. The article evaluates the primary sources and reviews literature studies on the subject. Finally, with this study, it was aimed to evaluate the reflections of Italy's fascist political and economic practices on domestic and foreign policy.

MUSICAL LIFE IN THE GEORGIAN UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

Derya KIRAÇ SABZEHZAROzan Evrim TUNCA — 2024-08-29

Music, a powerful communication tool, has also been used by political authorities in some periods to give societies/people a common identity. Especially when the nationalist understanding began to settle at the end of the 19th century and gained importance in the 20th century, the direction of the art of music changed. In these periods, music played an essential role in shaping education, propaganda, and nationalist understanding. This study deals with the 20th century Georgian Soviet Socialist Republics Union Period, under the state authority of music policies. It is known that the sanctions on the art of music were quite heavy, especially between the years of 1932-1953 during the martial law. Nevertheless, the attitude of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in those years changed the direction of music in the countries under the republic of the union. The study is a qualitative study and consists of data collection, document analysis, and interviews conducted in Georgia.

TOURISM RESOURCES OF GEVAS DISTRICT AND EVALUATION OF CITTASLOW POTENTIAL

İrfan BAYTARMehmet BOZKOYUN — 2024-08-29

Today, the tourism industry is in a constant growth. There are positive and negative factors that provide this growth. Positive factors are industrialization, increase in the number of people with increasing purchasing power, desire to stay away from crowds, desire to discover new places, cultures, tastes, etc. While the negative factors are the pace of work, the growth of cities, traffic stress, etc. is. The reasons listed above bring along the need for rest. The increase in the number of participants in tourism activities contributes to the growth of the tourism sector and its becoming one of the sectors that provide the most employment. In recent years, besides tourism activities such as sea, sand and sun trilogy in the tourism sector, there are also those who prefer natural tourism resources. It is becoming more and more difficult to live in cities that become crowded and, as a natural result, stress increases. On the other hand, Cittaslows (Slow City) are becoming important centers of attraction due to their calmer, stress-free and natural environment characteristics. In the district of Gevaş; The fact that the population is low, the air, water and soil quality is good due to the absence of industrial areas, the absence of industrial and domestic waste problems, the absence of problems such as traffic noise, light pollution provide this settlement with significant advantages for being a Cittaslow candidate. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the tourism resources and cittaslow potential of Gevaş district in a scientific framework. The natural richness of Gevaş, its ruins and access to these places are emphasized. These areas are presented by visualizing with maps and photographs. In the light of these data, the calm city potential of the district has been examined without ignoring its sustainability feature. Akdamar Church (Holy Cross Church), İzzeddin Şir Mosque and Madrasa, Halime Hatun Tomb and Gevaş Cemetery, Hişet Castle and Cemetery, St. Astuacacin Church, St. Thomas Monastery and natural beauties Akdamar Island, Deveboyu peninsula, Artos Mountain are among the historical buildings in Gevaş district are among the major tourist attractions. 100-300 sözcükten oluşan özetinizi buraya ekleyiniz. Özette araştırmanın amacı, katılımcılar, veri toplama araçları, verilerin analizi ve araştırmanızın çarpıcı bulgularına yer veriniz (11 punto).

EVALUATION OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS' PERCEPTIONS ABOUT SCHOOL SAFETY IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 MEASURES DURING THE PANDEMIC PROCESS

Erol KAPLANDerya KAPLAN — 2024-08-29

This research was conducted to evaluate school administrators' perceptions of school safety in the context of covid-19 measures during the pandemic process. The research was carried out with the quantitative research method. Semi-structured interview questions were used to collect data in the research. The research was applied to the middle school administrators of Diyarbakır province Bağlar district by face-to-face interview method. The dataof the research were analyzed by frequency analysis with the SPSS package program. When the results of the research are evaluated, according to the perceptions of the interviewed school administrators, the majority of the teachers are vaccinated and show exemplary behaviors to our students against the risk of disease transmission. In addition, the classrooms in the schools are crowded, adequate care is not taken to use masks, the classrooms are not cleaned regularly, the hygiene materials and personnel working for hygiene are lacking, and the canteens are not properly inspected.

GUITAR EDUCATION IN IOS AND ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION IN TERMS OF TARGET USER MASSES OF MOBILE APPLICATION

Beyza DİMLİ DÖNMEZMehmet EFE — 2024-08-29

With the advancement of technology, which facilitates every aspect of life, computers and the internet have entered our lives and increased the speed of access to information. Following the developments in computers and the internet, the discovery of mobile devices and the use of mobile applications created for these devices for educational purposes have introduced the concept of mobile learning to our lives. The field of music education has also benefited from the advancement of technology with mobile software developed for improving musical hearing and literacy, music theory, as well as instrument training. This research aims to examine the target user groups of guitar training mobile applications found in IOS and Android operating systems. The research utilizes 6 guitar training mobile applications that received at least 4 points out of 5 and are available in the education category in any of the application markets found in IOS and Android operating systems. The study employs the descriptive scanning method. The target user group of the selected mobile applications has been examined in terms of the developer company, the age group it is suitable for, its score in the application market, the language or languages it supports, the in-app purchase status, space it covers on the mobile device and its contents. The data obtained is subsequently presented under the headings of findings and recommendations.

REFLECTION OF SOVIET IDEOLOGY ON THE EXAMPLE OF BAKU CITY

Mabud SATTARLI — 2024-08-29

The concept of ideology used by De Tracy has become one of the most discussed and ambiguous concepts in political science. Although socialist ideology has a long history, it first became practical with the establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Marxism-Leninism became the official ideology of the newly established state and showed its effect in all areas of life. The dominant ideology in Azerbaijan, which was under the rule of the Soviets from 1920 to 1990, deeply affected the political and social life. The places where the Marxist-Leninist ideology was most evident were the capitals of the countries within the Soviet Union. In this article, the effect of official ideology on different structures and places in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, is discussed. In Baku, which has undergone a radical change under the influence of the Soviet ideology, a number of new structures have emerged in the public sphere, while some structures have withdrawn from public life.

REVITALISING STREET CULTURE AGAINST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Cumhur OLCAR — 2024-08-29

The position of the street in the social life of a city is important and it is possible to develop a systematic description of social behaviour through careful observation and study of particular streets. The street helps us examine environmental and ecological psychology and some aspects of human behaviour, as well as providing both a comprehensive account of the role of space in social change and a reflection of the history of cultural and historical space. Taking this into consideration, it can be argued that understanding both necessary and complementary human need with space syntax can guide the design of social streets. Therefore, developing vibrant and inclusive urban environments and strategies that increase the efficiency and enjoyment of streets are crucial. Like any urban human behaviour, social behaviour on the street ultimately reveals the interaction between people and space. Among the factors that influence social behaviour, the characteristics of individuals (age, gender, cultural affiliation, past experiences, needs and expectations and emotional state) and characteristics of the environment (location, access, configuration, situation, facilities, sensory qualities, activities and people within them) are among the most important qualities. Without over-emphasising the role of space as the determinant of urban behaviour, it is possible to argue that social relations can be formed through space, can be limited and mediated by space. In other words; urban designs can act as a catalyst for the display of a behaviour if people are inclined to a certain behaviour, or even to try something new that they may have seen or heard about. It is understood that the role of planning and design is to provide the best possible conditions to support new social behaviours which will be affected by the design to cause the desired behaviour. This study will discuss the barriers and opportunities created by the COVID-19 pandemic to revitalise streets.

MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEMAHS IN MALATYA/ARAPGIR REGION

Deniz BEYHANSertan DEMİR — 2024-08-29

Religion is one of the important elements affecting societies. With the wars that were fought, many societies got acquainted with new forms of faith. Turks living in Anatolia also got acquainted with the Alevi faith through the acceptance of Islam. People of the Alevi faith first gathered in tekkes and dargahs to perform their worship. Then, with the closure of the tekke and dergahs, they performed their worship in the Cem houses. One of the important elements used in worship in Cem houses is music. Music, is the basis of the worship performed. This religious music is called semah.In many regions of Anatolia, communities with the Alevi faith live. This form of belief continues to exist in the Arapgir region of Malatya. When the TRT repertoire is examined, it is seen that there is a semah belonging to the Arapgir region but ın Demir's compilation studies conducted in 2011-2014, the number of semahs belonging to this region has increased. When the works compiled in the studies are examine, it is seen that they are all similar to the Huseyni maqam moreover it has also been determined that different procedural structures were used in the works.In the study, it is aimed to determine the religious musical characteristics of Alevi communities in Arapgir district by examining semahs belonging to the Arapgir region. Literature review, semi-structured interview and field research methods were used as methods in the study.

BEING AN ACADEMICIAN AT A FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY: A METAPHOR ANALYSIS

Zeliha KARAOSMANOĞLULevent DENİZ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this research is to define the perceptions of academicians working at a foundation university regarding the concept of being an academician at a foundation university through metaphors. Phenomenology design was used in this research. The study group comprised 96 academicians working in 45 different foundation universities across Turkey. The academicians working at a foundation university were asked to fill a form featuring the phrases, “Being an academician at a foundation university is like (similar to) …, because …”. The data were analyzed through content analysis. The results showed that the metaphors created by academicians working at a foundation university on the concept of being an academician at a foundation university were grouped under 6 top categories and 22 subcategories. These categories are: (1) Student satisfaction centricalness and commercialization under the academic capitalism top category, (2) Lack of belonging, temporariness and dismissal anxiety under the insecurity top category, (3) Academic freedom, valuableness, equivalence, flexibility, openness to development, cultural transfer and productivity under the job satisfaction top category, (4) Performance-orientation and competitiveness under the challenge top category, (5) Worthlessness, exploitation of labor, and deskilling under the proletarianization top category, (6) Lack of academic freedom, meaninglessness, insecurity in the business environment, identity confusion and mobbing under the alienation top category. All these categories were discussed within the scope of previous researches and some concrete research proposals were suggested for further studies.

EBRU ARTIST AHMET MAHMUT PESTELI AND EXAMINATION OF ARTISTIC WORKS

Yavuz TÜRKYILMAZSultan SÖKMEN — 2024-08-29

Art; It has continued until today in a structure that has been going on since the existence of humanity and shaped by the beliefs, living and cultures of societies over time. The art that exists in the cultures, the works studied, artists take over from the past and continue it today. When we look at our culture, we can see from the recent artists that the marbling art, one of the Turkish works of art, has developed with their own style. The marbling art has been reshaped in the hands of our masters in line with new approaches and new works. Although there are limited findings on where and when marbling started, it has taken its place in Turkish art. It is seen that the art of marbling, which is shaped from culture to culture, extends to different geographies. Marbling appears as an art in a structure that does not repeat on water with increased density. The artist creates his work by almost integrating on the water. We can see these works in many fields such as paper, textile, ceramics and on many materials. The first pioneering artists made efforts to advance marbling art. Although they defended classical studies, they brought innovations to this art. They brought the motifs that were tried for the first time to marbling art in periodical works. Today's artists are taking their duties taken over from the history of marbling art one step further. We can see his contributions to this art with innovations through his works. At the same time, they promote Turkish Marbling Art with great devotion on national and international platforms. In this study, the artist personality of Ahmet Mahmut Pesteli, one of the contemporary artists of Traditional Turkish Marbling Art, and the works of the artist were examined. The works within the scope of the subject belong to Ahmet Mahmut Pesteli, and the methods, techniques and motifs he added to the of marbling art were examined. The research was conducted using descriptive methods such as scanning, interview and observation. The works, which have the characteristics of a monographic study, are handled holistically.

EXAMINATION OF THE URGE TO BE MUSCULAR IN TERMS OF THE FREQUENCY OF COMING TO THE SPORT AND THE AGE GROUP

Zeliha Dilan ATA — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to investigate the urge to be muscular in terms of frequency of participation in sports and age group. Relational screening model was used in this study. The study group of the research consists of 82 people who do sports in a private sport center in Istanbul. 72% of the athletes participating in the research are male athletes and 28% are female athletes. In this research, personal information form and drive for muscularity scale was used. In the statistical analyzes of research IBM SPSS 25 program was used. Besides of the descriptive statistical methods, the distribution of the data was evaluated with the Shapiro-Wilk Test. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of the quantitative data between two groups that did not show normal distribution. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the quantitative data with three or more groups that did not show normal distribution. The level of significance was set as p<0.05 level. As a result, significant differences were found in the relationship between the urge to be muscular and the frequency of participation in sports with gender and age group variables.

RESEARCH OF ARRANGEMENT SONG IN TURKEY ABOUT FRENCH AND GREEK MUSIC

Begüm ÜNLÜNilgün SAZAK — 2024-08-29

Turkish have had multifaced interactions with cultures with close contacts, such as French, Spanish, Greek, Arabic… for centuries. In this interaction, besides showing changes in elements such as clothing, behavior, and food, changes and developments appear in music culture. According to the researches, for the first time in Turkey as of 1961, new Turkish versions of French songs were produced and distributed to the market. Studies have shown that between 1961-1991, French and Greek songs were delivered to the audience with their new Turkish lyrics. In these songs; Words were written by influencing the social life and ethnic characteristics of Turkish society. In other Word, with notes and melodies of foreign origin, these new songs are embedded with words that the listener can “find himself” or “ change the perception” of listeners. The subject of this study; this course aims to investigate the reflections of French and Greek Culture, which have been interacting for centuries, on Turkish Pop Music As an example of the cultural transmission of French and Greek songs in Turkey in the 20th century; The import of songs, their transformation and their access to the consumer are wanted to be researched. This study aims to examine the transformation of pop music and its access to consumers in the historical and cultural context of the subject presented. Survey questions were included in the research with two song samples selected from the period when the production of song models adapted to Turkish was the most intense. This questionnaire presented is essential in commenting on the audience according to gender and In this research, age, gender, socio-economic status, and so on. The Stratified Sampling Method has been used because of the elements, thus creating a heterogeneous structure. In this questionnaire to implemented, 216 participants; He asked to answer closed-ended questions.

EVOLUTION OF CONSUMPTION OBJECT INTO WORK OF ART

Esra TAŞARMustafa BULAT — 2024-08-29

Nowadays, the art object can be considered as part of the cultural industry. While durable objects, tools, structures have existed in all past civilizations for a longer period of time from generation to generation, from person to person, we are in a society that monitors their existence, development and death today. During this period, when we are experiencing the age of objects, we see the rhythm of objects and their dec development. The facilitating power of technology developed after the industrial revolution in human life has become more important over time and has become harmful to the living universe. We see that ready-made object waste, which is the return of the era we are in today, is the first factor in shaping art. Objects that are positioned as useless can be turned into an object of art that exposes the aesthetic elements in them and is junked. The waste materials that remain in our hands as a residue of ready-made construction products appear in two structural situations in form and essence in the production of art objects. The intellectual structure of a work of art creates the essence, while its form helps the art that comes out of the essence to become concrete through techniques and materials. The ready-made materials used have been included in the art from time to time with their critical and sometimes utilitarian interpretations. In this study, it is aimed to use the wastes that cause rapid consumption and environmental pollution, which are the benefits of the period experienced, as an art object, to remove the object from the waste and to present it as an object that carries information and thoughts. The aim of the study is to change the view of an inert object by evaluating the waste object as a work of art and creating awareness. In the study, which has been used as a qualitative research method, domestic and foreign sources have been scanned and the findings obtained will be interpreted.

USE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS ON WEBSITES OF COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES

Şükrü GÜVENMemiş KARAER — 2024-08-29

In the past, brochures, flyers, magazines, television and radio were used as public relations tools. These were methods that required high cost and also caused many problems in reaching the target audience. However, in today's technology world, these transactions are now done much faster by establishing one-to-one communication with target audiences through websites. (promotion, marketing). companies; promotion, marketing etc. The fact that it now carries out its transactions via web sites has made this subject an important research topic in today's world. Therefore, it is of great importance to research the use of public relations on the websites of commercial enterprises and bring them to the scientific world. In this study, the use of traditional public relations methods on the web sites of today's modern world has been examined in detail. It has been researched how businesses use public relations on their websites and the use of websites as a public relations tool, and it has been tried to reveal in detail how public relations is used on websites today. Books, articles, various journals and theses written about our subject have been examined through a comprehensive literature study. In addition, the researches we conducted on the internet played an important role in enriching our subject. The data obtained at the end of our study revealed the benefits of delivering public relations to the target audience over the web, and it was emphasized how important the websites are for businesses in this regard.

SUPPLIER SELECTION WITH A COMBINATION OF ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS AND GOAL PROGRAMMING

Hakan ÖZKAN — 2024-08-29

Outsourcing is the provision of services from other institutions that the institutions do not provide within their own structure due to the idea of focusing on their main activity areas. In this study; an educational institution aims to solve the nutritional problem of its employees and students by outsourcing. In line with this purpose, the educational institution, three supplier companies that provide catering services in the region; aims to determine the most suitable supplier by evaluating it according to price, delivery, quality, reference and conformity criteria. For this purpose, the combination of AHP and HP methods, which are multi-criteria decision making methods, was used and a mathematical model was proposed. In order to test the proposed model, it was solved with the "Excel Solver" application of the Ms Office 2007 package program, using the data obtained from the institution officials.

Cemal OKÇU — 2024-08-29