The Journal of Academic Social Science/Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Year 2021 Issue 122

ANALYZING POSTGRADUATE THESES WRITTEN ABOUT STRINGS INSTRUMENTS IN TURKEY

Meltem DÜZBASTILARTuğçe KOÇAL — 2024-08-29

In this study, which aims to examine the postgraduate theses written in the field of string instruments in Turkey, 582 postgraduate theses published between 1986 and 2021 with access permission were examined for different variables. Theses, which are registered to the Higher Education Council Thesis Documentation Center and completed at the level of master's, doctorate and proficiency in art, constitute the sample of the research. In the study, postgraduate theses written in the field of string instruments; were examined in terms of their distribution according to the year they were written, genres, universities, topics and research approaches used. The aim of the research is to collect the data of postgraduate theses written in the field of string instruments and to form a basis for similar studies. This research is a qualitative research using content analysis method. When we look at the results of the research, it is seen that most of the postgraduate theses written in the field of string instruments are written in the field of violin, the theses written are mostly master's theses, the most studies were written in 2019, the most studies were written in Gazi University, the most studied subject was music. It was concluded that more quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in the study. At the end of the research, considering the intensity and scientific benefits of thesis studies in the fields of violin and cello, studies should be carried out to increase the viola and double bass-contrabass fields in this direction, students should study at doctorate and proficiency levels in art so that they can continue their academic careers from the master's level, Suggestions were made for universities to include postgraduate studies, to increase the variety of theses by increasing the writing of theses in other subjects, to diversify by using other research approaches in the studies to be carried out, and to continue postgraduate education in the field of students whose field instruments are viola and double bass-double bass and to focus on thesis studies in this direction.

PERSONAL AND SOCIAL SKILLS IN 21ST CENTURY EDUCATION: COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION

Ahmet YATKIN — 2024-08-29

Education is a process that causes positive or negative changes and developments in people’s feelings and thoughts. This change and development cannot be expected to be positive in the desired direction. Even in a negative sense, if there is a transformation in emotion, thought and behaviour, this can be explained by education. Education is the theoretical and universal knowledge of teaching, which has matured thought and turned into behaviour. Education fulfils a number of important tasks such as ensuring the transfer of existing values to future generations, contributing to the discovery and development of the talents of individuals, providing them with the skills and behaviours they will need to meet their needs and continue their lives. Teachers, who are the implementers of education programs, have a great responsibility for the education systems to fulfil these tasks. Purpose of the study is to develop a new perspective on quality education-teaching ways and methods by analysing the present literature on teacher skills and teaching techniques in the new century.

THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS IN MUSIC EDUCATION – CREATING POSSİBLE FUTURES

Özlem ÖMÜR — 2024-08-29

As a part of society, individuals' choosing behaviors to protect and increase their health and planning their lifestyles accordingly will create positive effects in their professional lives as well as in all areas of life. At this point, healthy lifestyle behaviors will help the individual. Healthy lifestyle behaviors include adequate and balanced nutrition, regular exercise and physical activity, stress management and communication. Occupations that require performance are those that require more attention to health. Since music education also includes a performance-based education, it should have a structure that supports physical and psychological resilience. Accordingly, it is very important for students who receive music education to know how to maintain a balanced diet for their own health, choose the most appropriate physical activity and exercises for their structure and needs, manage stress correctly, and establish a healthy communication world by establishing positive relationships. In the study, the importance of healthy lifestyle behaviors in music education was emphasized, and some suggestions were made to functionalize these behaviors in the music education process.

HAND IMAGINE IN THE PAINTINGS OF ERGIN INAN AND HÜSAMETTIN KOÇAN IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTURAL MEMORY

Dilek TÜRKMENOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Although the information on the reasons for the production of the first hand images seen on the cave walls in the history of art does not contain scientific certainty, it indicates that the relationship with the sacred, which "helps" against the forces of nature, exists in the human consciousness or subconscious. The meaning attributed to the hand image shows a continuity in the folkloric and artistic products of different countries. In this study, it is aimed to deal with the function of the hand image, the hamsa as used here, in the transmission and preservation of cultural memory. It is limited to the hand image in the paintings of Ergin İnan and Hüsamettin Koçan, who deal with and transform the elements of cultural memory in contemporary Turkish painting. The hand image in the works of Koçan and İnan is repeated, undergoing a series of formal and semantic transformations, as a form of representation unique to contemporary painting. In the context of cultural memory, this suggests looking at contemporary art as a different kind of "remembering" and "updating". Methodically, data from intertextual/intersignificant analyzes will be used. The use of the hand image in artistic forms is indicated by the concept of "pictorial quotation". The “pictorial quotation” made from the hand image in the works of these artists re-updates the memory in which it was originally a cultural element. At the level of homogeneity, information is given about the disconnection of meaning or the change of meaning produced in the cited work. Finally, the context change produced in the reception of these works will be examined in terms of their contribution and interactions to cultural memory.

CAN DIGITAL CAMPUSES REPLACE TRADITIONAL CAMPUSES?: THE OPINIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WHO HAD TASTED THE DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD ABOUT THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

Mihalis KUYUCU — 2024-08-29

Distance education, which is an education method that goes back three hundred years and develops itself with technological developments, has become a more practical and common education form, especially with the development of digital technologies. Distance education, which was an alternative education method all over the world until the pandemic period in 2020, suddenly became a compulsory education application with the pandemic. While primary, secondary and high school schools in Turkey applied the distance education model with television and digital tools during the pandemic period, universities applied the digital-based distance education model for approximately three education periods. This obligation has been a cause and opportunity for distance education to test itself. In this study, a descriptive study was conducted about the effect of distance education applications applied in all universities on university students during the pandemic period. The opinions of the students, who experienced the distance education method so intensely for the first time, like the advantages and disadvantages of distance education and their general opinions about distance education were investigated. More than half of the students, who were applied to 980 university students who had experience in distance education, using the online survey method, stated that they had a positive impression about distance education. According to students, the two biggest problems experienced in distance education are technological disruptions and the lack of readiness of faculty members to provide education in this format. 62 percent of students believe that distance education will be an alternative to physical education in the future. 45 percent of students believe that digital campuses that will emerge through distance education will replace traditional campuses. Students who receive distance education at their universities during the pandemic period think that distance education will be an efficient education model in the future if the advantages of distance education are maximized and the disadvantages are minimized.

THE EFFECT OF CREATİVE DRAMA METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ATTİTUDES TOWARDS THE MUSİC LESSON

Bahar GÜDEKHande YILMAZ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of creative drama method on students' attitudes towards music lessons. In addition, it was aimed to eliminate the reluctance of the students towards these subjects by developing appropriate educational activities prepared with the creative drama method for the theoretical subjects of music, to facilitate the learning of information about music theory, to make learning fun and permanent, and to enable the student to learn willingly. In this study; For the determined purpose, the creative drama method was applied in the teaching of the theoretical information about the musical perception and information learning field of the 4th grade of Primary School in the 2018-2019 Academic Year Music Lesson Curriculum of the Ministry of National Education. The study was carried out with the experimental method. The study group consists of 80 students, 40 students in the experimental group and 40 students in the control group in Samsun Mimarsinan Primary School. While the subjects related to musical perception and knowledge learning area were handled by the classroom teacher with the traditional (classical) teaching method in the control group, in the experimental group, by using the creative drama method, by the researcher. The post-teaching music lesson attitude scale was applied to both groups with the drama method. With the results obtained from the scale, the effect of creative drama method on students' attitudes towards music lesson was investigated. As a result, it was found that the creative drama method had a positive effect on their attitudes and there was no significant difference according to gender.

SPRITUAL BEINGS IN 6 OF THE NOVELS OF ELİF ŞAFAK

Sinan ÇAYA — 2024-08-29

One can see that spiritual beings do occupy a certain place in the fictive literary world of Elif Şafak. Having skimmed her spectrum of works, the reader gains an apparent impression in this line of thought. Even though at first sight it looks as if it were a paradox; just on the contrary; the existence of such beings should be taken as a contribution in the sense of furthering realism; because it cannot be denied that in the real world; perhaps most of the people do believe in such beings. After all; the more the processed formations in a printed work correspond to real life; the more realistic is to be considered the related book. The quality of surrealism spreads throughout the work merely to the extent of a kind of taste-seasoning or flavor. It is by no means at the concentration or accuracy in an anonymous fairy-tale or in a piece of fantastic literature. The plus values involved never impart the trait of horror onto the written novel, unlike the case of Stephen King, for instance. The contribution is exactly at the optimum level, is just at the required amount. It sort of fertilizes the element of curiosity, bringing in extra enjoyment and motivation for the reader. It serves to add a bright color and a different vivaciousness into the book’s entirety. Within some of the studied six works, the spiritual themes are a bit more conspicuous; nevertheless, the complete lack of such themes in any one work is unthinkable.

CHILDREN'S FREEDOM OF SPACE IN THE HOUSE: THE CHIIDREN'S ROOM

Yavuz ARATVelican SARI — 2024-08-29

Although it is said that the child interacts with the space from the moment he is born, and this interaction starts emotionally and then is provided physically, in fact, the child feels the space void from the first mother's womb, therefore he communicates with the space even he is in the fetal stage. After his birth, he has a limited interaction with the outside world, but as the limits of his mobility develop, the child interacts more with the space and becomes an active user of the space. In general, the place that the child first recognizes, tries to define and interacts with can be said to be the house where he lives with his family, even though there are children growing up in different places. Especially in today's urbanization conditions and considering that it has become necessary to be indoors within the scope of the global pandemic, children spend most of their time indoors. The rapid increase in the built environment in today's conditions causes children who cannot recognize the natural environment to grow up, and children cannot meet another place in cities other than closed spaces or residences. This problem experienced in the transition from children who grew up in garden culture to children who grew up in gated communitieds or a single block apartment, caused children to define a place for themselves in apartment houses; The rooms where children can play, study and sleep are designed according to their needs. Therefore, as a result of the intensive furnishing of the spaces with furniture, it was seen that there was no qualified space for children, and soon, furniture for children began to be produced for these spaces, which were produced in limited square meters. The aim of this study is to discuss the qualities of the spaces designed for children in these limited square meters and the furniture designed for these spaces. A general evaluation was made on the children's rooms and furniture selected within the scope of the study; As a result of the placement of these furnitures in these spaces with different variations, inquiries were made on the remaining square meters for the children.

FAST, EASY AND CHEAP: INTRODUCTION OF KODAK AND TRANSFORM PHOTOGRAPHY CULTURE

Burcu BÖCEKLER — 2024-08-29

Kodak is a camera, designed by George Eastman (1854-1932) and introduced in the United States in 1888. With its slogan “You press the button we do the rest!” Kodak enabled middle-class women and men without photography education to take pictures. A new era in photography began with Kodak. There is a film inside a Kodak camera on which 100 photos can be exposed. The camera is a handheld one, easy to use, with a fixed lens and no viewfinder. With this camera, anyone was able to take pictures. Kodak broke new ground in the history of photography by providing photo-finish photography services to its customers: A customer who takes pictures, after he/she finishes the film he/she sends it to the factory. When the camera arrives at the factory, the film inside it is removed and developed, the photographs are printed and pasted on cardboard. Then a new film is loaded to the camera at the factory and is sent back to the customer. With this easy service, photography has become a democratic process. Kodak has brought about changes in photography culture. The “snapshot genre” emerged with Kodak. With this camera new habits related to taking pictures, to be taken by someone, to storing photography, and to interpreting photography were born. The aim of this study is to examine how the introduction of Kodak changed the history of photography. In this context, the introduction of Kodak is discussed and the Kodak cameras between the years of 1888 and 1900 are explained. The new photography culture at the end of the 19th century with the introduction of Kodak, the innovations and changes that Kodak brought to photography are examined by comparing them with the early history of photography.

USING LITERATURE IN EFL CLASSES

İlkin BAŞARSelin KÜÇÜKALİ — 2024-08-29

This article emphasizes the benefits of using literary texts in EFL classes. Literature can be the content of the course itself or can be used as a resource to teach English language. While teaching the second language, grammar and vocabulary activities can be presented and promoted through different genres of literary texts. As literary texts are highly rich both in content and language, short stories, novels, poems and plays can be used as authentic materials to help language learners to discover another culture in EFL classes. While studying literary texts in language classes, students’ language awareness is expanded as they encounter different usages of language. Lazar (1993) states that for language acquisition, literature is a stimulus for students. Therefore, it is just impossible to deny the linguistic efficacy of using literary texts in language classes; appropriate literay texts need to be selected and presented to language learners in EFL classes.

COMPARISON OF AREL-EZGI THEORY AND SAMPLE COMPOSITIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SIMPLE MAKAMS

Kubilay YILMAZ — 2024-08-29

Although Arel-Ezgi theory has been subject to criticism from time to time, it has been accepted as one of the most important references in Turkish maqam music theory. Some points that we encounter in our learning and teaching processes according to the principles of this theory, especially the deficiencies and contradictions in the tone system, the incomplete, restrictive and contradictory with the traditional execution, suggest that the Arel-Ezgi theory should be compared in detail. For this reason, a comparative study idea has been formed and considering the necessity of limiting the study in terms of volume, it was planned to form a sample group and Arel-Ezgi's simple maqams, which is one of the first taught subjects in Turkish music education, were included in this research. In this research, the similarities of the theoretical information about the “simple maqams” and the sample works composed in these maqams, as far as possible before Arel-Ezgi theory, are examined. In this way, it is aimed to test the accuracy of the theoretical information and to complete the deficiencies, if any, or to regulate the information that does not comply with the traditional performing. To this end, literature on “simple maqams” in the sources that refer to the Arel-Ezgi teory were compiled and a total of 230 pieces of works composed as songs in twelve of the thirteen maqams, which Arel-Ezgi describe as simple maqams, were examined. The eleven maqams are Kürdî, Rast, Uşşak, Hüseynî, Nevâ, Hicaz, Hümâyûn, Uzzâl, Zirgüle, Karcığar and Sûzinak. Sample works were analyzed with two different methods, and all measurements were examined with the traditional method first; Then, the musical notes were rewritten in the computer and converted into MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) format and analyzed with the help of MIDI analysis program. The findings obtained by two different methods were interpreted together and important result were obtained. Among the maqams examined, significant differences were determined, especially in the Kürdî and Hicaz family makams.

THE EVALUATION OF SEGMANTED PATELLA ANOMALIES OBTAINED IN ADULT INDIVIDUALS IN VAN CASTLE MOUND POPULATION

Ece BURUZehra ÖZBULUT ,Rabet GÖZİL ,Erkan KONYAR — 2024-08-29

Patella is the largest sesamoid bone in our body. The patella bone is located at the distal end of the femur. It contributes to the knee joint with the help of muscles. This study was conducted to reveal the effects of comminuted patella anomalies on the daily and accupational activities of individuals. In this context, vastus notch, bipartite, very rare atypical patella variations and very rare duplicate patella were evaluted. In the study, 60 adult individuals from the necropolis dating from the last phase of the Middle ages to the early stages of the Modern Ages between 2013-2016 in the Van Castle Mound were excavated. 54 individuals with at least one patella bone in the population were evaluated. Considering at the gender distribution of the individual sexamined, 35 (64.81%) of them are male anduted patella anomalies, 19 (35.19%) of them are female. A total of 99 patella bones, 63 belonging to male individuals and 33 belonging to female individuals, were taken into consideration without making right-left discrimination. Among the segmented patella anomalies, vastus notch in 27 patellae, a structure that could be bipartite in 1 patella, and atypical patella variation in 2 patellae were found.

THE ROLE OF GRAPHIC DESIGN IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Mehmet Ferruh HAŞILOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Interculturalism, which has an interdisciplinary field of study; As in many other fields, it plays an active role in art design. The rapidly spreading effect of globalization in every field has brought to light a cultural globalization, not only economically and politically. The melting of the boundaries between different cultures in the world brings forward a cultural permeability. In the rapidly globalizing world, communication and interaction between different cultures develops accordingly. In this regard, many disciplines have faced the problem of knowing the language of intercultural communication. Rapid changes in communication technologies have created a wide circulation area in many areas such as economy, politics and transportation. This interaction that emerges between different cultures has reached a wide spread in communication areas and has made a multicultural communication language obligatory. This communication language has an effect that spreads from transportation to commerce, from trade to politics and economy and makes itself felt in the fields of art. Art Design should also renew itself and catch the language of intercultural communication without resisting this rapid change. Artistic designs, which have a wide range of work areas, should use the language of intercultural communication accurately, effectively and sensitively as the most important carrier of culture in the world. At this point, the responsibility of the designer; To use a number of strategic, aesthetic and technical tools effectively. This study aims to show the role of designer in intercultural communication.

SCHOOLS OPENED IN SYRIA AND PALESTINE IN THE 19th CENTURY BY THE ARZ-I PALESTINIAN SOCIETY (ORTHODOX PALESTINIAN SOCIETY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE)

Arzu ÇETİNKAYA — 2024-08-29

Western states struggled continuously for economic and political dominance in various parts of Asia and Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. In this struggle, they used many diplomatic, economic, military and ideological tools. Religion and education were added to these tools in the 19th century. Although Palestine did not provide any economic benefit for Russia, it played a very important role in the Ottoman-Russian-European relations in terms of religion, culture and politics. Starting from the second half of the 19th century, Russia, which wanted to increase its influence in the region, entered into a power struggle with Western states by establishing the Association of Palestine. Our article examines Russia's entry into the region, the establishment process of the Arz-ı Palestine Society, its educational initiatives, the reasons and results of its rivalry with Western missions, and in this context its relations with the Ottoman Empire. For our research, domestic and foreign literature, especially the Ottoman archives, was used. As a result of the information obtained, the activities of Russian schools were compared with the schools of western states such as England and France opened in the region, and the reasons and results of success / failure were revealed. The effects of the First World War and the 1917 Soviet Revolution on Russian schools in Syria and Palestine are discussed.

THE CONCEPT OF MADNESS AND ITS FORMAL EXPRESSION THROUGH ARTIST'S WORKS

Gamze GÖRGÜNAYHalil DAŞKESEN — 2024-08-29

The concept of madness is a cultural term that is characterized as a mental and physical deficiency, a disability or a disease. This concept, which has been discussed for centuries and has become a criterion of social acceptance, has been interpreted by pairing it with magic or demonic features in certain historical intervals, although it is a mental disorder. The concept of madness, which includes the connotations of exclusion and irrationality, has been evaluated as not conforming to an anti-modernist order, especially after a rational period like the Enlightenment. Therefore, this concept has become a part of the formal expression of art metaphorically due to its connotations. In this study, in which the concept of madness and its connotations are analyzed as metaphors and analyzed through works, interdisciplinary approaches of the concept have been examined by making use of semiotics, which allows all visual and theoretical systems to be read, that is, to create the meaning of a text, visual imagery, word or an image. Within the scope of the purpose of the study, artists and their works have been examined and the formal analysis of the concept of madness in different fields has been made through the metaphoric connotations of the concept such as isolation, harmony, balance, exclusion, marginalization, closure and restriction.

CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN TONI MORRISON’S GOD HELP THE CHILD

Gökçen KARA — 2024-08-29

This study examines the traumatic experiences of children in Toni Morrison's God Help the Child. In her latest novel, Morrison takes up some of the major themes she has explored in her previous works: Western ideals of beauty, racism, toxic parenting, and child abuse. What is particularly striking about this novel is that it focuses on the trauma childhood trauma. Morrison reflects on three types of trauma that children suffer. These are: Parental Neglect, Child Sexual Abuse, and Racial Trauma, which describes the painful traumatic past of African Americans. Without parental love, the black children in the novel were neglected from birth and did not develop a close bond with any person in the family. They were subjected to individual traumas that affected their lives because their family instilled in them a sense of self-hatred. This racist self-hatred made them feel like they did not belong. God Help the Child makes reference to the characters' past memories of depression and anxiety and their impact on the present. This study shows how racial injustice drives African American children into trauma. In the novel, the children suffer psychologically or physically. The traumatic childhood memories of the novel eventually becomes the collective memory of African Americans. This study focuses primarily on exploring the psychology of the characters who were subjected to childhood sexual abuse and violence. The focus of this analysis is on the portrayal of the traumatic experiences and the strategies the characters use to try to overcome them.

RESEARCH INTO “HARUT” and “MARUT” DESCRIPTIONS IN OTTOMAN MANUSCRIPTS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SAMPLES AT TOPKAPI PALACE MUSEUM LIBRARY

Ayşe TANRIVER CELASİN — 2024-08-29

Harut and Marut, cited in Quran and associated with bewitchment, are two angels that are also available in other religions as well as archaic cultures. The subject of this study is to research Harut and Marut descriptions in Ottoman manuscripts available at the Topkapı Palace Museum Library within the scope of their structural as well as iconographic significance.The introduction of the study involves brief information regarding Harut and Marut while it also touches upon how these two angels are described in other religions and archaic cultures. The subject has been researched in two main sections. The first section involves the study of Harut and Marut descriptions in 10 manuscript works available at the Topkapı Palace Museum Library while their iconographic values have been discussed in the second section. Having been selected as the representatives of angel community claiming to be more obedient than human beings, Harut and Marut have been dispatched to mingle with the human beings. Having met a beautiful woman called Zühre (Venus), they have tried hard to repress their desires. However, they have committed several cardinal sins like drinking alcohol, worshiping idols and murder. They have been hung from their legs in a well till doomsday as the reward of their sins. The rumor has it that they whisper the spell that will create a rift among couples and will cause them to divorce. These tales, having originated from Jevish resources, are also available in the manuscripts “Acâibü’l-Mahlukât” and Fâlı Kur’an in the form of descriptions.

A RESEARCH ON THE LEVELS TO CONSIDER THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL USER NEEDS OF CONSUMERS IN THE DESIGN OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE BUSINESSES

Mehmet Nuri YILDIRIMMehmet UÇAR — 2024-08-29

Designing food and beverage businesses in line with the physical and psycho-social user needs of the users; It is important for the business to bring sustainability to its activities and for the users to feel physically and psychologically comfortable and safe while performing their eating and drinking activities. Based on this importance, the realization of an architectural design suitable for its purpose is only possible if it is done by experts who have received design education both theoretically and practically. In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of considering the physical and socio-psychological user needs of the users in the design of food and beverage businesses of associate degree students who received design education. According to the data obtained in the study; It has been determined that Age has an effect on the Users' Level of Considering the Physical and Socio-Psychological User Needs in the Design of Food and Beverage Businesses.

ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM IN THE CONTEXT OF GENERATIONS X AND Y

Müge DOĞANER — 2024-08-29

In today’s globalizing wolrd, in parallel with rapid technological developments, competition among organizations has increased and the human factor has become more important than over. Examining people is organizational attitudes and behviors based on scientific methods provides great advantages to organizationsin a word where change is inevitable. Organizational cynicism which consist of negative attitudes and behaviors of employees such as humiliation, hatred, suspicion, anger, ulterior motives and excessive critical approaches towards the organization they serve, their managers and coleagues is becoming more common in many small and large business today. At this point, in order to ensure effectiveness in the organizational communication process, generations born in different time zones should act with a common mind and consciously. It is of great importance to ensure effective communication between these generations for harmony, joint effort and unity in businesses. The quality of communication will directly affect the performance of the organization and its employees.It is thought that cynical attitudes that may occur in situations where there is no effective communication or communication barriers can cause irreparable harm to the business and therefore to the employees. In today businesses, it is seen that the X and Y generation employees who have different personalities, expectations, goals, values judgments, perspectives and ways of doing business are predomiantly together. It will not be surprising the attitudes and behaviors of these generations who have different experiences and expectations towards the organization are also different. The aim of these study is to discuss organizational cynicism in the context of X and Y generations with different characteristics, in the context of a comprehensive literature review and similar studies.

REGULATIONS FOR TRAINING OF TEACHER IN TURKEY: AN ASSESSMENT WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE POLITICAL CONDITIONS IN THE PERIOD OF (1980-2015)

Dilek DEDE — 2024-08-29

The regulations on the training of teachers in Turkey have been assessed during the 1980-2015 period. "How are the rules for the training of teachers in Turkey changing in the political conditions of the 1980-2015 period? How can the change in these regulations be explained to the status of teachers in Turkey? In methodology, this study encompasses document review from qualitative research patterns. The difference in the training regulations of teachers between 1980-2015 is addressed in the context of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (Turkish Parliament) view and the economic conditions of the period. The first section of the study covers the 1980-2015 period, the view of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (Parliament), and the economic conditions. The second section describes the regulations for the training of teachers. Changes in regulations have been tackled through the political context and their reflection on the status of teachers. The study's main argument is that changes in teacher training regulations can be clarified through the political conditions in 1980-2015.

THE RESPONSIBILITY OF STATES FOR MARINE POLLUTION ARISING FROM ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS AND INSTALLATIONS

Murat KURUN — 2024-08-29

It is seen that the number of artificial islands and installations is increasing day by day in order to use the seas for different and various purposes and in an increasingly intense way. In addition, it should be said that such man-made structures established and operating in marine areas have a negative impact on the marine environment. It is a deficiency that the regulations regarding artificial islands and installations used for other purposes are not given in detail in the law of international contract, especially in which pollution arising from oil platforms is the subject. On the other hand, it is necessary to assess the extent of international responsibility/liability for damages in the context of breaches of obligations imposed on states regarding the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment arising from artificial islands and installations. Considering that the majority of artificial islands and installations are structures used for the exploration and operation of natural resources in the seabed and that these are mostly under the ownership of natural persons and civil legal entities, the issue of attribution of international responsibility becomes a current issue. In this context, the international responsibility of states, which are the main actors of international law, come into prominence. In this study, the responsibilities of the states as a result of the violation of the obligations of the states regarding the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the marine environment in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) will be evaluated.

INVESTIGATION OF ARABIC PROVERBS USED IN TARSUS ARAB ALEVIS IN TERMS OF LANGUAGE AND STRUCTURE

Yusuf ÖZCAN — 2024-08-29

In this research, Arabic proverbs used in Tarsus Arab Alawite society were compiled and these proverbs were examined in terms of language and sentence structure. By compiling and recording Arabic proverbs from the research area, it is aimed to keep the proverbs that are the memory of the society alive and present them to the service of the scientific world. During the compilation of the research material, field research method, observation and interview techniques were used. Oral sources were used in the compilation of Arabic proverb examples. The resource persons consisted of people over the age of 50 who knew the cultural values and Arabic of the region well. It has been understood that the use of Turkish proverbs tends to become widespread in the Tarsus Arab Alevi community, where the number of Arabic language users is decreasing day by day. However, it has been seen that Arabic proverbs are known by the elderly people, especially up to the second generation, and are frequently used in daily life. A total of 185 Arabic proverbs have been compiled from the research area, and it has been understood that, unlike the colloquial language, in these proverbs, the effect of Turkish vocabulary is almost non-existent, and it preserves the characteristics of the Arab world folk tales in terms of sentence structure.

RELATIONSHIP OF ART MANAGEMENT AND SPONSORSHIP " GARANTI BANK EXAMPLE "

Merve BOYDAŞ — 2024-08-29

The phenomenon of "art", which has appeared in various forms since the existence of humanity and on which many definitions have been made, is constantly changing and developing by keeping up with the needs and technology of the age in which it lives, like a living entity. The concept of art is not only related to the individual in terms of emotion and thought, but also has a one-to-one relationship with the culture that comes out of it and shapes it with the message it conveys to the society. The most basic link of cultural developments in the history of civilization is art and this situation gains continuity if artistic organization and activities are sustainable. This continuity and sustainability in art and cultural organizations is related to the management and economic dimension of art. In this article, sponsorship activities related to the management and economic aspects of art will be examined through the organizations of the “Garanti” bank.

ROOF GARDENS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND INNOVATIVE SHOPPING MALL DESIGNS

Makbulenur ONUR Selver KOÇ ALTUNTAŞ — 2024-08-29

Shopping centers are among the most common socializing places today. Shopping centers, which are also defined as the broadly programmed state of public spaces, are designed with many design approaches. Shopping centers, many of which are in different designs, also appear in environmentally friendly and innovative concepts. Globalization, increasing population and increasing needs have led the world to sustainable design approaches. There are also shopping centers in this orientation. Within the scope of this study, what is the concept of environmentalist and innovative design, why did it come out and what is the connection between these concepts and shopping malls? has been researched. In this research, modern roof gardens, which is an environmentally friendly and innovative design, were also examined. Examples where the concept of roof gardens and shopping malls are examined. Within the scope of this study, examples of this approach were examined and how they contributed to ecological life was discussed.

MINIMALIST APPROACHES AND ITS TRACES IN HUMAN-SPACE INTERACTION

Cengiz TAVŞANSelver KOÇ ALTUNTAŞ ,Filiz TAVŞAN — 2024-08-29

Minimalism, in its most general sense, is to carry simple features by being purified from exaggeration. Minimalist movements are an important attitude that shows its influence in every field from painting to music, from literature to architecture today as it was in the past. It is also a way of saying a lot with little. The systems of thought that created this concept firstly found a place in human life as a "philosophy of life", and then showed itself in all places where people are. The minimalist approach in the use of living spaces is reflected in the architecture, summarized by Mies Van Der Rohe's philosophy of "less is more". Minimalist lifestyle and various philosophies; It is very important how the past, present and future bridge is reflected in the spaces and with what features it appears as a concrete example. From this point of view, the study consists of two main stages that follow each other. The first stage of the study; deals with the reflection of the minimalist attitude from the human life cycle to architecture. In the second stage; minimalist life philosophies obtained through literature research; Seven residences, which are thought to express the traces of Feng Shui, Zen, Wabi-Sabi, Buddhism, Hygge, Friluftsliv and Anatolian life, were examined. The structures were examined through the morphological card technique over their physical formations, and spatial readings of the structures were made regarding minimalist approaches. As a result; Although in various cultures, the reflection of minimalist approaches of lifestyles on buildings and common points in the formal expressions they reveal have been observed.

INSTRUCTOR OPINIONS ON THE KEEPING FINGER METHOD IN BEGINNER LEVEL VIOLIN AND VIOLA TRAINING

Zeki Fırat DEMİRCİÜlkü ÖZGÜR COŞKUN — 2024-08-29

In beginner level violin and viola training, the classical teaching method starting with the empty string, and the keeping finger method, which is put forward by the researcher, starting with the first finger keeping and continues without interrupting the finger contact on the touch, were experimentally compared within the scope of the Ph.D. dissertation. The experimental and control groups consisting of violin and viola students continuing their education in the institutions providing vocational music education, currently attending the first year of their vocational education, and who have never received a stringed instrument education before, participated in the experimental process for a whole school year. After the completion of the experimental process, the subject of this research was formed by revealing the opinions of the violin and viola educators, being the instructors, on the keeping finger method in parallel with their observations within the process. The opinions were addressed under three main headings: bow pulling stage, single string studies, and shifting studies. Besides those headings, under various subheadings as well such as posture-hold, finger placement, finger dropping, getting clean tones, control over the instrument, right and left-hand coordination, rhythmical and up-to-tempo playing ability, and effect on the right hand; the effectiveness of the keeping finger method was tried to be revealed within the framework of the opinions. In the beginner level violin and viola training, it is expressed by the instructors that the keeping finger method can ensure success in both bow study and single string studies as well as in the shifting studies.

FACTORS OF SECESSION MOVEMENTS IN AFRICA: INVESTIGATION OF CAPRIVI, CASAMANCE AND CABINDA CASE IN TERMS OF DETERMINED GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES

Hande SAPMAZSoyalp TAMÇELİK — 2024-08-29

In the twenty-first century, the secession movements in Africa are becoming one of the major crises that must be resolved by African states in order to maintain development and stability. Although the reasons for the separation movements are classified as economic and social in the literature, it is noticed that the geographical features are not examined with the necessary intensity. Purpose of this study is to detect to what extent and in which direction the geographical features are determinative on the separation movements by examining the cases of Caprivi, Casamance and Cabinda in the context of determined the geographical factors. The geographical features of Caprivi, Casamance and Cabinda regions in the African continent, constitute a more special situation compared to other regions in the continent where separation movements occur, necessitated the selection of these regions. In light of the acknowledgment that every secessionist case is caused and affected by more than one set of factors, the geographical factors determined by the study can be listed as the sea access of the region where the separatist movements took place, peripheral location, whether there is a natural or artificial border with the parent state or not, the existence and sort of natural resources in the region. As a result, it was concluded that the correlation between geographical factors and secessionist movements on the cases discussed was weak but positive. In order for these cases to be successful, the importance of historical, social, regional, global and economic parameters has been emphasized.

IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE EXAMPLE OF THE 2000S

Serden Onur KARACA — 2024-08-29

In this article, the need to reform the public administration in Turkey since the Tanzimat Era, especially in the 2000s, when international organizations such as the European Union, OECD and IMF were also effective. The effects of the Copenhagen Criteria in the European Union harmonization process, which had the most impact during the period, on the Turkish public administration understanding were emphasized. The aim of the study is to reveal how the innovation studies carried out in the sense of public administration in the 2000s were planned by international and national organizations with the effect of globalization, after finding answers to questions such as what is public administration, what is reform in public administration, and why it is needed. VIII. Five-Year Development Plan, IX. The Five-Year Development Plan and the X. Five-Year Development Plan have been examined and the innovations that are desired to be realized in public administration have been determined in line with the plans. Again, the steps to be taken in the understanding of public administration within the government programs in the period (57. Government, 58. Government, 59. Government, 60. Government, 61. Government, 62. Government, 63. Government, 64. Government, 65. Government and 66. Government) were examined and the effects of these steps in practice were examined.

A RECEPTION ANALYSIS OF THE FINISH COMMERCIAL FILM "THE END OF WATER IS NEAR" WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE STUART HALL APPROACH

Hülya UGUR — 2024-08-29

The purpose of the present article is to examine Stuart Hall's "encoding-decoding" model. The qualitative reception analysis technique was used to analyze the reception of the commercial film titled "The End of Water is Near," which was produced by the Finish brand in order to draw attention to excessive water consumption and diminishing water resources in Turkey and received a lot of interaction from consumers on social media. Reception analysis offers insight into how consumers comprehend media texts and interpret media material in context. Media messages, as Hall (1980) pointed out, are symbols and symbolic tools that produce meaning, because there can be no "consumption" without "meaning." It has no influence if the meaning is not communicated in practice. Using the in-depth interview technique, 10 individuals of diverse ages, educational backgrounds, genders, and socio-economic levels were asked numerous questions regarding the commercial film and its content based on these techniques. With Hall's technique, the participants' reception (dominant-hegemonic, controversial-negotiative, opposite-dissident) and interpretation of the commercial were revealed based on their responses. The participants' responses were generally hegemonic (dominant), and they favored commercials with social content and an aim to raise awareness, according to the study's findings.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A STUDY ON HOTEL MANAGEMENT EMPLOYEES

Cihangir TEKLİGülay ÖZDEMİR YILMAZ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between psychological contract and employee performance in the tourism sector sample. The main cult of the study consisted of employees working in 5 and 4 star hotels operating in the city center of İzmir. A questionnaire was applied to 400 people in this main mass. By transferring the data to the computer environment, frequency and percentage analysis, factor analysis and correlation analysis methods were performed. According to the results of the research, there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between the performance of the employees working in hotel businesses and the psychological contract they have formed with their managers; It was concluded that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between the sub-dimensions of psychological contract (operational and relational) and employee performance.

INVESTIGATION OF “STINGINESS” VOCABULARY IN ANATOLIAN DIALECTS IN TERMS OF SYNONYMITY

Hanife YAMAN — 2024-08-29

The hyponymy, antonym, and synonymy are the basic semantic relationships established between words. One of these relationships established between words or groups of words is synonymy. Synonymity is when two or more words or phrases in a language have a very close relationship in meaning. Synonym, which is a subject that is constantly debated whether it exists in language, is classified by linguists under three headings, mostly absolute, cognitive, and close synonymy. However, this study was primarily based on Cruse (1986) and Levkovskaya's (1956) synonym classifications and synonymous words or phrases were examined in terms of regional, stylistic, and close synonymy relations. Stinginess emerges as a concept with a negative emotional value not only in Turkish society but also in many societies. Many synonymous language elements related to the concept of stinginess have been identified in Anatolian dialects. In this study, synonymous language elements related to the concept of stinginess were determined on the basis of various dialect researches, especially Türkiye’de Halk Ağzından Derleme Sözlüğü, and these dialect researches were evaluated according to regional, stylistic and close synonymy relations. As a result of the examinations, regional and stylistic synonymy types related to the concept of stinginess in Anatolian dialects were determined.

THE EFFECT OF STORYTELLING SKILLS ON INSTANT SPEAKING SKILLS

Filiz DOĞANSelcen ÇİFCİ — 2024-08-29

Speaking is the mostly used skill are to communicate with others in daily life. Improvisational speech types are mainly used anytime in daily life. The main purpose of this research is determining the effect of 6th grade students' storytelling skill acquisition on Improvisational speaking skills. Mixed research method was used in the research. Study group consısts of ten students study ın a secondary school ın city center of Afyonkarahisar province ın 2021-2022 academıc year. Weekly plan, improvisational speaking activities, pre/ post-test improvasitional speeches and student interview forms are used as data collection tools. During data analysis word numbers and speech time are noted by two experts after they controlled video records and these data was also supported with students’ views. It is seen that there is a spectacular difference between pre and post test results over word numbers and speech time after they got education. As a conclusion we can say that storytelling skill acqusition has a positive effect on improvasitional speaking ability and it is advised to have activities to improve improvasitional speaking activities at schools.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES AND SA-VINGS OF UNIVERSİTY STUDENTS IN COVID-19 PANDEMIA: GÖKÇEADA EXAMPLE

Yağmur AKARSU — 2024-08-29

Education, which has an indispensable importance for societies, emerges as a sector that must be continued without any interruption, regardless of the conditions. With the philosophy of lifelong learning, education, which directly enables individuals and indirectly the development of societies, has important effects. Covid-19, which is seen as a national health problem but spreading rapidly due to increasing mobility, has become a global problem in a very short time. This situation has led to many innovations and changes in the social, cultural, economic and educational fields. This study was conducted to analyze the consumption expenditures and savings of university students who received online education during the covid-19 pandemic. In this study, an online survey was applied to 184 students studying in Gökçeada myo and guby. In the survey, a total of 20 questions were included about the consumption expenditures and savings of the participants before and after the covid-19 pandemic. According to the results of the analysis, 82 (44.6%) of the 184 people who participated in the survey saved money on online education, while 47 (25.5%) did not. In addition, while the consumption expenditure of 76 (41.3%) of 184 respondents did not increase, the consumption expenditure of 55 (29.9%) increased during this period.

KIRKYAMA TECNIQUE IN CERAMIC ART IN YEHRIM LEE'S PRIVATE

Pelin DALDuygu KAHRAMAN — 2024-08-29

Patchwork craft, one of the most important cultural values of Anatolia; Today, as an accumulation of cultural heritage, it constitutes one of the important pillars of the traditional in contemporary art. Patchwork, which is known as "kırk pare, yamalı bohça, hanım dilendi bey beğendi" and seen as a symbol of solidarity in every culture since the past, is a handicraft technique that emerges with the re-evaluation of waste fabric pieces that are not used. Patchwork; The fact that it takes its place in the historical development of trade and art from India to Europe via the Silk Road and from there to America reveals its international value in terms of culture. This heritage, which dates back to the Seljuks in Anatolia, has formed a unity with the combination of different textures, colors and patterns, and has also begun to be considered together with interdisciplinary interactions (painting, sculpture, etc.) within artistic actions. In the historical process, it evolved from craft to art, gained importance day by day and turned into a technique preferred by artists who produce in different disciplines. It is seen that patchwork is one of the preferred techniques in ceramic art along with other disciplines. Korean ceramic artist YehRim Lee is one of the artists who use this technique. It is observed that Lee refers to Jogakbo, one of the nearly 200-year-old Korean patchwork techniques, especially in her ceramic installations. Jogakbo is a patchwork style used to make indigenous wrapping cloths called bojagi from leftover pieces of traditional fabrics. In this study, it will be evaluated how South Korean Ceramic Artist YehRim Lee uses and interprets this technique in her works.

THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE MANDALA IN BUDDISM

Mehmet OĞUZHüsamettin KARATAŞ — 2024-08-29

Mandala are symbols that have a wide usage area in Indian religions and are related and related to many subjects. As a matter of fact, the use of mandala in Buddhism and esoteric traditions, which belong to the group of Indian religions, is seen intertwined with other practices and rituals in this field. In this context, it is thought that it would be very appropriate to examine its relationship with other practices in the esoteric tradition in order to better understand the mandala symbols. When it comes to esoteric religious traditions, yoga, meditation, tantra, mantra and mudra practices come to the fore. By considering these applications separately, the connection between the related applications and mandala symbols has been revealed. At this point, primarily an etymological study was made about esoteric practices, and then their places in Buddhism and other Indian religions were mentioned as much as possible.