HISTORY OF INTERPRETATION “GLOSS” CUSTOM: EXAMPLE OF IBN QUTAYBAH
HADİSLERDE YORUM “TEVİL” GELENEĞİ: İBN KUTEYBE ÖRNEĞİ

Author : Hatice DÜLBER
Number of pages : 114-137

Abstract

Specified as uswa hasana in the Holy Koran, accurate interpretation of the Prophet (bpuh) has been the most significant origin of work and effort for Muslims. Efforts of the Companions, Tabi’un, and Tabi' al-Tabi'un on this matter are worthy of respect. Changes occurred with political, social and economic developments following the death of the Prophet have resulted in different interpretations of Sunnah by the Companions. The concept of understanding which can be summarized as literal, virtual and ideological have continued during the Tabi’un, and Tabi' al-Tabi'un eras. The issue of understanding and interpreting Hadith and Sunnah has made Ahl al-Hadith and Ahl al-Fiqh oppose each other during the formation of Islamic ideology. Following codification and classification of the rumors, there have been some theologians and Fiqh experts who claimed that some rumors are against the Holy Koran, mind, experience and observation and some rumors even include judgements that contradict in itself. Al-Shafi’i was the first person to do a research in an effort to prove the Fiqh rumors have no controversies among themselves. Al-Tahawi has used more systematic methods while studying these rumors in later periods. Interpreting by addressing the controversies of rumors relevant to Kalam and faith, Ibn Qutaybah has made significant studies in these topics. Employing methods like totalization, reconciliation, abrogation, preference and standstill to ensure inner consistency of these rumors, Ibn Qutaybah has made some interpretations which can be deemed successful. However, the defensive and reactive behavior he has displayed against interpration of some rumors has put him in a difficult situation. Moreover, his effort to interpret some illegitimate rumors in his work has a nature which may decrease his success in this method. Nevertheless, Ibn Qutaybah is an esteemed hadith expert whose interpretations on rumors have shown their effects up until this day.

Keywords

gloss, controversy, hadith, abrogation, preference, totalization and reconciliation, standstill.

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