THE NEW ORDER (NIZAM-I CEDID) OF THE SULTAN SELIM III
DIE NEUE ORDNUNG (NIZAM-I CEDID) DES SULTANS SELIMS III. III. SULTAN SELİM’İN YENİ DÜZENİ (NİZAM-I CEDİD

Author : Hüseyin DEMİR
Number of pages : 232-241

Abstract

Ottoman Empire achieved a strong state organisation by making a continous progress while it was turning from a tribe to a principality, a principality to a state, and a state to an Empire. However, the Empire began losing its state power due to some internal and external issues that arose at the end of the 18th century and then it entered into a collapse period. Ascending the throne on 28 March 1780, Sultan Selim III (1789-1807) who was the son of the Sultan Mustafa III (1857-1774) encouraged some reforms in order to remove troubles from the Ottoman Empire and to enable the Empire to regain its previous strength. In connection, Selim III sent Ebubekir Ratıp Efendi, who was one of the most important statesmen of his reign to Europe in 1791 by assigning him to Vienna Embassy Selim III also ordered him to gather information about military, administrative and financial organisations there. In the light of this information, Selim III, who believed that Ottoman Empire must be renewed in every field about governmental issues supported radical innovations in military, administrative, social, economic, educational, diplomatic fields. In doing so, Selim III attached first to the importance of the military issues and established a modernised Ottoman army under the name of Nizam-i Cedid. Although the Ottoman Empire made a progress in above mentioned reforms that were realized for the Ottoman society in every field, troubles in administrative and social fields could not be completely resolved. New taxes collected from the public for Irad-i Cedid treasury which was established to meet expenses of the army caused economical problems among the society. Affected from these economical problems, the public reacted to the reformations and did not support them. As Sultan III was not welcomed by his own society about these reforms, he had to abdicate the throne on May, 1807 and later he was assasinated. In this study, we tried to detect in which fields these reformations were realized that were actually intended by Sultan Selim III to be able to catch European standards.

Keywords

Ottoman Empire, Selim III, Nizam-i Ced

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