MABEYN-I HUMAYUN ORGANIZATION THAT IN THE WHEN SULTAN ABDULHAMID II AND MATERIAL SITUATION OF IN HIER EMPLOYEES
SULTAN II. ABDÜLHAMİD ZAMANINDA MÂBEYN-İ HÜMÂYÛN TEŞKİLATI VE BURADA GÖREV YAPANLARIN MADDİ DURUMLARI

Author : Sedat KANAT
Number of pages : 431-445

Abstract

19th Century has been a hard period of time for the Ottoman Empire. On one side, the reform demands of the modern world is being attempted to fulfill, and it is tried to preserve the state's own historical structure on the other side. Because of this, a different management method is developed in every Sultan’s period. For example, Sultan Abdulmecid has pursued a policy closer to the Western countries with the influence of the Crimean victory (1856) and the debt received. However, especially with the investments made in the navy, Abdulaziz Khan has focused on taking precautions against the threats that may arise in the future. The period of these two sultans are called “grand viziers era” because of the superior performances of the grand viziers in the reforms. In the period of Sultan Abdulhamid II, a balancing policy has begun to show up at all aspects. According to his policy, western countries are not ignored, but routing power is not given to them. National and spiritual values and the values of the contemporary world are tried to reconcile during the breakthroughs in the country. Investments are continued to perform in education, military, health, etc. In this study, Mâbeyn-i Hümâyûn Organization, which is very unknown formation of Abdulhamid II’s period, and important officials who are worked there and their financial situation are discussed. Starting from the very first days of his reign, Sultan designed the Mabeyn-i Humayun as a palace organization in accordance with his administrative power. By doing this, Sultan Abdulhamid II achieved to extend the life of the state for thirty years. Everyone who is working in this organization is managed by a ruler in his own profession class, while being directly managed by Sultan. The power of the institution, which is the most competent and effective administrative apparatus in almost all the affairs and relations of the Sultan, begin to decline rapidly after the 2nd Constitutional Monarchy declared in 1908 and eventually the institution lose its all power and authorization after Abdulhamid II's descent from the throne in 1909.

Keywords

Reform Demands, Mabeyn-i Humayun, Palace Organization, Power and Authorization.

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